All food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. There are
different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats» vitamins and
minerals. Different foods contain different nutrients.
Before we cut down on fat, sugar and salt, we have to know a bit
more about the kind of food these things might be in. The biggest problem comes
when these things are hidden in other foods: biscuits, crisps, sausages, meat
pies, soft drinks and so on.
The best way is to get into the habit of checking the ingredients
and nutritional value on the sides of packets although this isn't always easy
to do. Another thing to know is, for example, that we do need fat to live, it's
an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn't exist without it.
But we all know that to eat much fat is bad for our health. The
matter is that there are different kinds of fat. There are fats that are good
for us and fats that are bad for us. Eating less of the bad ones and more of
the good ones can actually help us to live longer! Bad fats are the saturated
fats, found in animal productions, like red meat, butter and cheese.
Friendly fats are the unprocessed fats found naturally in foods like
nuts and seeds, olives, avocados and oily fish, including tuna.
One more thing to know is that when food is cooked, its structure
changes. It can change the vitamin and nutrient contents of food.
More and more people feel strongly about the way, their food is
produced. Nowadays so much of the basic food we eat — meat, fish, fruit and
vegetables — is grown using chemicals and additives.
Although fertilizers and pesticides have greatly increased the
quantity of food and helped to improve its appearance, there is a growing
concern about the effects of these chemicals in the food chain. This concern
has led to a growth in the demand for organically grown products.
Today there is another problem. It is modified food, which is cheaper
that ordinary one. There is a rumour that such food can cause cancer and other
problems. Nobody knows, either it is just an imagined fear or a real problem.
This problem could be solved and examined, but it will take some time.
The food we eat, depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor.
Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising
and social factors also have a big influence.
Income is also an important factor. That is why not surprisingly,
money, rather than a lack of knowledge about how to eat well, is at the heart
of the problem.
Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating:
First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat.
Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt.
Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables.
Здоровая
пища
Вся
пища состоит из питательных веществ, которые используются нашим организмом.
Существуют различные виды питательных веществ: углеводы, белки, жиры, витамины
и минеральные вещества. Разная пища содержит различные питательные вещества.
Прежде
чем мы начнем употреблять меньше жиров, сахара и соли, мы должны узнать немного
больше о пищевых продуктах, в которых эти вещества могут находиться. Самая
большая проблема заключается в том, что эти питательные вещества «прячутся» в
другой пище: бисквитах, чипсах, колбасах, пирожках с мясом, безалкогольных
напитках и так далее.
Лучше
всего выработать в себе привычку проверять наличие ингредиентов и
энергетической ценности, указанных на самих упаковках, хотя это не всегда легко
сделать. Еще нам нужно знать, что, например, мы очень нуждаемся в жирах, они
нам жизненно необходимы, чтобы жить, и физически мы не можем без них
существовать.
Но
всем нам также известно, что большое количество потребляемых жиров вредно для
нашего здоровья. Дело в том, что существуют разные жиры. Есть жиры, которые
полезны для нас, и жиры, которые являются вредными для нас. Употребление
меньшего количества плохих и большего количества хороших жиров может фактически
продлить нашу жизнь! Плохие жиры — это жиры с высоким содержанием насыщенных
жирных кислот, содержащихся в животной продукции, такой как красное мясо, масло
и сыр.
Полезными
жирами являются необработанные жиры, которые в натуральном виде находятся в
орехах и семенах, маслинах, авокадо и жирной рыбе, включая тунец.
Еще
одна вещь, которую необходимо знать, состоит в том, что когда готовится еда, ее
структура изменяется. Это может привести к изменению витаминов и питательных
веществ, содержащихся в пище.
Все
больше и больше людей заботятся о том, как производится их пища. В настоящее
время большая часть базовых продуктов питания, которые мы едим: мясо, рыба, фрукты
и овощи — выращиваются с использованием химикалий и различных добавок.
Хотя
использование удобрений и пестицидов значительно увеличили количество
производимых продуктов питания, улучшили их внешний вид, ощущается возрастающее
беспокойство относительно воздействия этих химикалий на цепь питания. Это
беспокойство привело к росту спроса на естественно выращенные продукты питания.
Сегодня
имеется другая проблема. Это — модифицированный пищевой продукт, который
дешевле, чем обыкновенный пищевой продукт. Ходят слухи, что подобного рода пища
может вызвать рак и другие проблемы. Но никто не знает точно, надуманный ли это
страх или реальная проблема. Данная проблема будет решена и исследована, но для
этого требуется время.
Пища,
которую мы едим, зависит от многих факторов. Вкус — это главный фактор.
Культура, религия и здоровье также играют свою роль в том, что мы едим. Большое
влияние оказывают рекламный и социальный факторы.
Доход
также является важным фактором. Именно поэтому неудивительно, что деньги, скорее
чем отсутствие знания о том, как хорошо питаться, лежат в основе этой проблемы.
Наконец, существуют три главных предписания, которые нужно выполнять, чтобы
правильно питаться:
во-первых,
мы должны есть меньшее количество жира, особенно жира с высоким содержанием
насыщенных жировых кислот;
во-вторых,
мы должны уменьшить потребление сахара и соли;
в-третьих,
мы должны есть больше свежих фруктов и овощей.
Questions:
1. What nutrients do you know?
2. What are the main things to know about food we eat?
3. What fats are good?
4. What fats are dangerous for our health?
5. What are the main factors that determine the food we eat?
6. What are three main messages to follow for healthy eating?
Vocabulary:
nutrient — питательное вещество
carbohydrate — углевод
protein — белок, протеин
fat — жир
to contain — содержать
to cut down on — зд, уменьшить прием чего-л.
to hide (past hid, p.p. hidden) — прятать, спрятать
crisp — ломкий, хрупкий
to get into the habit of — зд. взять за
привычку
essential
— существенный, жизненно важный
saturated
fat — жиры с высоким содержанием насыщенных жирных кислот
butter
— масло
unprocessed
fat — необработанные жиры
seed
— семя, семечко
avocado
— авокадо, аллигаторова груша
tuna
— тунец
additive
— добавка
fertilizer
— удобрение
pesticide
— пестицид, ядохимикат
to increase — увеличить
to improve — улучшить
concern
— интерес, участие, заинтересованное отношение
food
chain — пищевая цепочка
to lead (past led, p.p. led) — вести, приводить
demand
— потребность
modified
food — модифицированная еда
rumour
— молва, слух(и), слушок, толки
to
cause — быть причиной, вызывать
cancer
— рак (онкология)
fear
— страх, боязнь, опасение
to
solve — решать
to
depend on — зависеть от
income
— прибыль; заработок
lack
— недостаток, нужда; отсутствие чего-л.
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
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