The United States began as a nation of
13 states. These were the colonies which had broken away from Great Britain in
1776 and fought a six- year War Independence. The original 13 colonies were
then located in the area today occupied by 16 states and 34 other states were
admitted to union one by one.
Washington, in the District of Columbia,
is the national capital. It was named in honor of George Washington, the 1-st
US president. The whole country west of the original 13 states was surveyed in
regular blocks, a mile square. This way of dividing the land is reflected in
the borders of the states.
One of the famous symbols of the USA is
the Statue of Liberty. Another symbol is the American flag, which is often
called “The Stars and Stripes”. As there are 50 states in America there are 50
stars on the American flag: one star for each state. It also has seven red
stripes and six white stripes. There is one stripe for each of the first 13
colonies of the United States.
Columbus Day is
a great holiday in America. It is celebrated on the second Monday of October.
On Columbus Day you can see the American flag everywhere to honor the man who
was the discoverer of their country.
Christopher
Columbus discovered America in 1492.He was a seaman and made many sea voyages
to the New World. He was born in Italy but lived in Spain for a long time.
There is a nice poem about him. The title of the poem is “Let’s Remember
Columbus”.
In fourteen hundred
and ninety two
Columbus sailed the
ocean blue…
Let’s sing together
this old song
About the voyage
that took him long,
About the sailors,
those strong brave men.
Let’s sing and
remember them all again.
The last Thursday in November the
American celebrate Thanksgiving Day. It is, perhaps, the most important day in
the American year. People go to churches, families gather together for the day.
They decorated their houses with the fruits and flowers of autumn and prepare
traditional American food: roast turkey and pumpkin pie.
But why do people celebrate this
holiday? What does it mean? In 1620 the first colonists came to America and
began a new life there. It was a very hard life. The colonists started to farm
the land. The work was difficult and full of danger. In the autumn of 1621 the
colonists had their first harvest. It was rather good. The colonists decided to
have a special dinner. They wanted to thank God.
So the colonists had a thanksgiving
dinner for all the people. It lasted three days. There were wild turkeys for
this dinner and since then turkey has become a symbol of Thanksgiving Day.
The Great Salt
Lake is in the northwest of the state of Utah, close to Salt Lake City, the
capital. It is so salty that the human body cannot sink in it. Its present area
is much smaller than the ancient lake of which it is a remnant.
The saltines of
the lake have increased as its area has diminished, and today it is about six
times as salty as the ocean. Three large rivers flow into the Great Salt Lake
from the mountains to the east and southeast-the Jordan, the river upon which
Salt Lake City stands, the Weber, and the Bear. But it has no outlet. There are
many islands. The largest is Antelope Island.
The existence
of the Great Salt Lake was known to early travelers. In 1689 the white men were
told by Indians of ”a Salt Lake 300 miles in circumference”, and in 1776 it was
reached by other white men. For a long time it was thought, because of the
lake’s saltiness, that it must be an arm of the Pacific Ocean.
Part of the boundary between the USA and Canada is formed by
four of the five Great Lakes. The largest of them is Lake
Superior, which, as its name implies, is the highest above the sea. South
of it is Lake Michigan, entirely in the United States territory; to the east is
Lake Huron, from the southern end of which the ST. Clair River leads into Lake
(Niagara Falls).
Erie. From the Lake Erie the Niagara River rushes over the famous Niagara Falls
into Lake Ontario, out of which flows the ST. Lawrence River.
(Mississippi
River).
All the Lakes are
connected by canals or navigable channels to form not only the largest body of
fresh water in the world, but also the most important unit of inland waterway.
The Lakes take a very important place in the economic life of both the USA and
of Canada. From Chicago at the southwest end of Lake Michigan, railway lines
radiate in all direction - across the Rockies to the Pacific Coast,
southwards following the line of the Mississippi to New Orleans – and the
city’s prosperity has been much increased by its position as a lake port.
Another lake port is Buffalo, at the
northern end of Lake Erie. It’s the fourth largest port and the seventh
industrial city in the USA. The Lakes can be used only between the months of
April and December, as they freeze in winter. The importance of the Lakes is
not only commercial: along their shores are vast stretches of forest,
meadowland, and grassland, as well as towns, camps, and small country towns.
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