Essay, Research Paper
Using Bicycles As An Alternative To Automobiles
October 21, 1996
Ecology & Design
University of Colorado
Abstract:
This paper basically shows the reasons to use the bicycle as an alternative
mode of transportation. It will points out the benefits of the use of a
bicycle. It will also show what is being done to get
rid of the negative aspects of using a bicycle for
transportation.
Bicycling is one of the fastest growing forms of recreation. People are drawn
to it for many reasons, being out in the fresh air, the thrill of speed, the
physical challenge, along with many other things. But there can be many more
uses for the bicycle. The use that this paper will focus on is transportation.
The use of bicycles can greatly improve the economy of a nation. A comparison
between the efficiency of the transportation systems of the United Stated and
Japan points this out. In 1990 Americans spent 17.9 percent of the GNP on
transportation, whereas the Japanese spent only 10.79 percent on transportation.
This difference of nearly 7 percent, gives the Japanese economy much more money
for investing in their future.
Our Economy is not the only thing we should worry about, and it is also not the
only thing that can be improved by the use of bicycles. There are several major
problems that could be drastically reduced by the increased use of bicycles.
Traffic would be a lot lighter due to the extremely small size of bicycles. It
would also greatly reduce the wear and tear on our roads and highways, and
therefore reduce government expenditure. But one of the most serious problems
it would reduce is that of pollution and smog in out larger cities.
There are more benefits to biking, though. There are benefits that come at a
more personal level.
Biking greatly improves ones health. It can be a way to exercise without taking
much times out of ones schedule. The time one would spend biking to work serves
two important purposes. One, getting to work, but also as a great form of
exercise.
Improved mobility in crowded situations. In downtown areas, biking to work may
actually save time. Cars crawl through congested traffic, while bicyclists ride
around it. The time it takes to park a car could also be factored in. Finding
a parking space takes time and may be far away, while bikes are easy to lock and
can be locked close to any destination.
Personal economics are also important. Cars are expensive to own and operate.
On top of the high prices for new cars, one must also pay for insurance, fuel,
and maintenance. Not only is the price of a new bicycle much lower, they cost
almost nothing to operate.
Still with all of these benefits, many people choose not to consider a bicycle
as a viable form for transportation. People feel that it is to time consuming,
to inconvenient, and to dangerous. But there are things that can be done to
change these facts.
How a city is designed will play a large part in whether or not people choose to
use bicycle as a form of transportation. Many of America’s large cities are
not very friendly to the bicycle commuter. City streets should be wide enough
to have room for a safe sized bike path that is separate from automobiles and
pedestrians. This would improve the safety of bicycling.
Another method that can be used is traffic calming. Traffic calming is a term
that has emerged in Europe to describe a full range of methods to slow cars, but
not necessarily ban them, as they move through commercial areas and residential
neighborhoods. Traffic calming exists in certain downtown areas as a natural
outcome of design initiatives to accommodate sizable special populations.
Some the best examples of traffic calming are not in the United States. Traffic
calming was originally introduced in the Netherlands and Germany, but is now
being put to use in Denmark, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
In 1981, Germany set up six traffic-calming demonstration projects in various
places with varying density. The initial reports showed that there was a
reduction of speed from 23 mph to 12. The traffic volume remained constant, but
there was a 60 percent decrease in injuries, and a 43 to 53 percent reduction in
fatalities.
In a recent survey, most people showed that if conditions where improved, more
people use bicycles to commute. Things are being done to make things better.
Private organizations are offering incentives and promotions, and our government
is also making legislation to improve things.
The need for bicycle and pedestrian provisions to be fully integrated into state
and local plans and transportation policy documents has assumed even greater
significance due to the ISTEA and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990.
States were not required to have long-range transportation plans until ISTEA was
passed, and Metropolitan Planning Organizations have had little or no control
over project selection until now. Because of this fact, in the past, State
highway agencies have dominated the spending of highway and transportation
dollars. Plans developed at the city level would often contain many worthy
transit and non-motorized projects.
ISTEA makes a number of important changes. Both levels of government are now
required to produce annual transportation improvement programs and long range
transportation plans.
These plans ?shall provide for the development of transportation facilities
(including pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) which will
function as an intermodal transportation system.? (Section 1024 (a) and 1025
(a))
State long-range plans are required to have ?consider strategies for
incorporating bicycle transportation facilities and pedestrian walkways in
projects where appropriate throughout the state.? (Section 1025 (c)(3))
State long-range plans are also required to have ?a long-range plan for bicycle
transportation facilities and pedestrian walkways for appropriate areas of the
State, which shall be incorporated into the long-range transportation plan.?
People need to realize what the over use of automobiles is doing to our country.
Our nations wealth is probably the greatest contributor to this problem.
Americans generally feel that a car is a necessity and not a luxury. We are
also spoiled with some of the lowest gasoline prices in the world.
Some suggest an increase in gasoline taxes to drive people towards the use of
alternative modes of transportation. Surveys shows that it would influence more
people to not drive as frequently. But economists feel when the government
imposes an intentional price floor on a common product, it can only hurt the
economy.
All of these things will help influence people to use alternative modes of
transportation. But when it comes down to it, everyone must make a personal
choice. Bicycles will probably never be as convenient as automobiles, and in
this writer’s opinion, they shouldn’t be. Commuting on a bike is a sacrifice in
some ways, but we need to set our priorities straight. No legislation will do
that for us.
Boulder is probably one of the best place to get into the habit of frequently
using a bicycle. In this community bikes are generally a lot more convenient
than cars, in pretty much every aspect.
Probably more than half of the time, I can get to wherever I want to in less
time on a bike than in a car. Not to mention the time saved by not having to
find a parking spot. This is accomplished by the use of good bike routes,
underpasses, and having the right of way over cars. I use my bike almost daily,
whereas I would probably use a car about once a week.
It is also a lot more economical to ride a bike than to drive a car, especially
on campus. As I already mentioned cars require several expenses, whereas bikes
require almost none. Also on campus, if you have a car, you must pay for a
parking permit.
I plan to use a bicycle whenever and where ever possible. I think that everyone
should own a bicycle and a least use it occasionally. I would like to inform
other people of how easy it is to use a bicycle for transportation.
References
1.United States, Integrating Bicycle and Pedestrian Considerations Into
State and Local Transportation Planning (Washington: The Administration, 1994)
2.United States, Transportation Research Record, Pedestrian and Bicycle
Planning With Safety Considerations (Washington: Transportation Research Board,
1987)
3.United States, Actions Needed To Increase Bicycle/Moped Use In The
Federal Community (Washington: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1981)
4.Mike Hudson, Bicycle Planning (The Architectural Press: London, 1982)
5.National Research Council. Transportation Research Board. Pedestrian
Behavior and Bicycle Traffic (Washington: National Academy of Sciences, 1980)
6.National Research Council. Transportation Research Board. Nonmotorized
Transportation Around The World (Washington: National Academy Press, 1994)
7.National Research Council. Transportation Research Board. Nonmotorized
Transportation Research, Issues, and Use (Washington: National Academy Press,
1995)
8.John T. Doolittle, Integration of Bicycles and Transit (Washington:
National Academy Press, 1994)
9.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/ms/vexercis.htm
10.nd.edu/~ktrembat/www-bike/BCY/TryBikeCommute.html
Другие работы по теме:
A day at an Russia school
Автор: Разное It is Monday morning. Soon it will be 9 o'clock and the boys and girls are coming to school after Saturday and Sunday which are free days. Some of them are walking to school, and some come on their bicycles. Others, who live very far from the school, come by bus.
Work Ethic Essay Research Paper In todays
Work Ethic Essay, Research Paper In today?s society I believe we have lost the traditional work ethic of long ago. Being brought up in a traditional family and around a population mainly comprised of Amish, I have come to understand the work ethic that America has lost. Amish are people who lead a simple religious life unaffected by automobiles, electricity, modern appliances, or other modern convinces.
Fossil Fuels Our Society
’s Dependency Essay, Research Paper Fossil Fuels: Our Society’s Dependency Natural Resources Report by Sean Falconer Chemistry 122 Mr. Hart 1997-02-07
Modernist Art In Europe Essay Research Paper
Modernist Art in Europe 1910-25 by Robert l. Herbert Herbert?s thesis of his essay is to investigate the arrival of the machine and modern art and its complexities. During WWI, modernist painting and sculpture paid major attention to machinery, science and industry. Modern art during that time has become a central factor in our culture due to its dominance in public art, museums, media and literature.
Stereotypes Essay Research Paper Stereotypes are essentially
Stereotypes Essay, Research Paper Stereotypes are essentially assumptions that are made about a person or group’s character or attributes, based on a general image of what a particular group of people is like. Just as people assume that all cars have four wheels, while all bicycles have two, they also assume that all men have certain attributes that differ from women.
Regional Drug Taskforce Essay Research Paper Northeast
Regional Drug Taskforce Essay, Research Paper Northeast Texas Regional Drug Taskforce has increased activity 60 percent last year. The additional drug busts were not easy as the area’s most widely manufactured drug – a cheap form of methamphetamine called “crank” – is now produced literally on the road in automobiles.
Common Ground Essay Research Paper In the
Common Ground Essay, Research Paper In the video, Common Ground, several ways of alternative organic farming are discussed. Although the tape is somewhat outdated, it still is effective in showing what changes have been made in farming and the issues concerning farmers and the environment. The main objective of the video is showing the process of coming together and meeting in the middle between the farmer and environmentalist, just as it is titled, Common Ground.
Engine Essay Research Paper The four stroke
Engine Essay, Research Paper The four stroke engine is divided into three basic parts the intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion stroke and the exhaust stroke which all lead to the ability of the engine to get the car into motion and allow humans the ability to drive automobiles. The factors, which affect the automobiles ability to move fluently, are the concentrations, temperature, surface area and a catalyst, which are all present in order to have a smoothly running car.
Driving In India Essay Research Paper Driving
Driving In India Essay, Research Paper Driving in India Traveling in India is an almost hallucinatory mixture of sound and sight. It is frequently heart-rending, sometimes hilarious, mostly exhilarating, always unforgettable – and, when you are on the roads, extremely dangerous.
Wright Brothers Essay Research Paper The nineteenth
Wright Brothers Essay, Research Paper The nineteenth and twentieth centuries have brought about many innovations that have changed the course of history. Upgrades in transportation have always been very important to the way societies function. Wilbur and Orville Wright were two of the many great inventors of the past two centuries.
ALTENATIVE EDUCATION Essay Research Paper Alternative Education
ALTENATIVE EDUCATION Essay, Research Paper Alternative Education Alternative education caters to multifarious groups of students or unprofessional classified according to their needs and circumstances in life. Alternative education programs were designed because of pressures from concerned parents, teachers, students and government officials to ameliorate substandard education and dangerous environment in most public schools.
Holiday On Mackinaw Island Essay Research Paper
Holiday on Mackinaw Island Audience: Vacation Takers, Recommended for Over 20 Years Old Although Mackinaw Island is very small, it is very beautiful and has lots of exciting activities, such as bicycling, horseback riding, buggy riding, and fudge shopping. Mackinaw Island is located in the upper part of Michigan between Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior.
None Essay Research Paper Car safety is
None Essay, Research Paper Car safety is an issue that concerns people across the Nation. Millions of Americans die each year due to fatal car accidents. The demand for safer automobiles is ever increasing. The Saturn Corporation recognizes this demand and has begun focusing its advertisements on America’s need to feel safe.
Air Pollution And Government Itervention Essay Research
Paper It is generally accepted that the cause of air pollution is the ill-defined private property rights on air. But transaction costs matter too. Market is costly. After the defination of private property rights on air, it is very difficult, even impossible to charge the people who pollute air. The transaction costs of doing so is considerable.
New Rules Of The Road Essay Research
Paper Foremost is the safety of bikers who must share the roads with automobiles. Just as disconcerting is the high incidence of accidents on paths restricted to use by pedestrians, skateboarders, and other bikers. Teaching cycling etiquette and designating roads as multi-vehicle highways are inexpensive and practical and can alleviate the majority of hazards bikers face.
U S Automobile Industry
’s Share Of The Market Essay, Research Paper The U. S. auto industry?s share of the market has experienced fluctuations over the past 50 years. These fluctuations have been caused by many reasons, but some of the main reasons include quality, price, and foreign competition.
Modern Urban Transportation Alternatives Essay Research Paper
Recently I went on an adventure around Europe and visited three major cities: Paris; Amsterdam; and Berlin. Throughout my travels I used many different forms of transport to get around including trains, buses, cars, ferries, and my own two feet. It was such a central theme to my adventure that I decided to research transportation within urban areas for this report.
Hydrotherapy Essay Research Paper There are many
Hydrotherapy Essay, Research Paper There are many alternative methods of health care available today. People that are disappointed with medical or surgical health care are turning to alternative methods to help themselves. Some alternative methods are positive through, acupuncture, therapeutic touch and hydrotherapy.
Alternative Fuels Essay Research Paper Ken Frencher31999Chem
Alternative Fuels Essay, Research Paper Ken Frencher 3/19/99 Chem 136 Liquid Fuels from Natural Gas We have known for a long time that eventually our oil deposits will dry up, and it would be helpful at that time if we had some kind of alternative fuel to power all of the machines that we use. Over the past two decades more oil has been pumped than has been found in the world.
Electric Cars Essay Research Paper In numerous
Electric Cars Essay, Research Paper In numerous cities across the country, the personal automobile is the single greatest polluter, as emissions from million of vehicles on the road add up. Car pollution is one of the biggest polluters the solution is to have much more efficient vehicles that produce fewer emissions with every mile.
Solar Energy An Alternative Energy Essay Research
Paper Solar Energy: An Alternative Energy Imagine a perfect source of energy. One with which no pollution what-so-ever is associated with. No poisonous gasses or destruction of rain forests. This
Are Alternative Fuels The Best Alternative Essay
, Research Paper Are Alternative Fuels The Best Alternative? With the millennium just around the corner, new energy conserving ideas are being brought to the market. Among the most prominent are cars powered by electricity, as opposed to gasoline. Electric vehicles seem practical, and they protect the environment by reducing pollution.
The Dialogue With Alternative Medicine Essay Research
Paper Conventional medicine has little to learn from alternative medicine Suppose you catch a sudden flu after a frantic night out, what would be your first treatment? Do you rush to the pharmacist nearby or your
The Twenties Essay Research Paper The TwentiesThe
The Twenties Essay, Research Paper The Twenties The twenties is a time when some of the biggest changes in American history took place. In the following report I am going to tell about some of the most important and influential moments of the time period called the twenties.
Concept Cars Essay Research Paper CONCEPT CARSPeople
Concept Cars Essay, Research Paper CONCEPT CARS People go to car shows to see the manufacturers’ “futuristic” concept cars and are always fascinated and amazed by the impressive engineering. Little do they realize, those concept cars of tomorrow are actually prototypes of what is to come. The car show’s only intent is to showoff the engineer’s technical ideas, to get the population’s reaction,and to test the functionality of their new creation.
The Rest Of The Story Essay Research
Paper Car magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend both share the same interest in providing the consumer with information on new automobiles. Both Car and Driver and Motor Trend are monthly magazines. They both have professionals that test high performance cars and trucks on comfort, ability, engine, and overall capabilities.
Fossil Fuels And Alternative Sources Essay Research
Paper Debate Topic: Fossil Fuels and Alternative Sources Most people in this world but especially in the U.S. think that fossil fuels are never ending. However, they are wrong and completely take them for granted. Therefore, if they do not try to use and find other sources for energy soon then fossil fuels will become extent.
Conventional Medicine And Alternative Medicine Essay Research
?Conventional medicine has little to learn from alternative medicine?. Today many people in the UK and US choose to be treated by methods that are not based on Western scientific methods, that is the science and practice of medicine which is standard in the West. These methods are known as ?Alternative medicine? or ?Complementary medicine? ,which include homeopathy, acupuncture, osteopathy, aromatherapy, chiropractic medicine, and reflexology among others.
Supply And Demand In The Gasoline Market
Essay, Research Paper Supply and Demand in the Gasoline Market The substance known, as gasoline is a mixture of lighter liquid hydrocarbons used chiefly as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. It is produced by the
Fuel System Essay Research Paper David A
Fuel System Essay, Research Paper David A. & Jason A. Block 1 ? A Jan. 19, 2000 The Fuel System Automobiles, like all other mechanical devices must utilize a fuel to work. All cars, therefore have a fuel system. This system is responsible for storing gasoline and mixing it with air to be ignited in the engine to supply energy to the car.