’s Free Energy Cycle Essay, Research Paper
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy transitions are imperfect. No matter what, energy is lost. In machines an 75% loss of energy is considered average. In biological reactions there is usually a 60% loss. Since all reactions are constantly losing a percentage of the energy they give, it is necessary to have a constant intake of energy to make up for what is lost. This intake of energy helps life to remain ordered. If something disrupts that order, entropy begins to take effect. If entropy reaches its maximum point then death occurs.
Complex molecules such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are highly organized and as a result they have high potential energy. Their potential energy comes from their being held together in exact configurations in bonds. When these bonds are broken in a chemical reaction, some of that energy is set free and becomes obtainable to do something else.
When this occurs, the energy released is known as free energy. The free energy from the reactants frequently changes after the reaction. This change is represented by sG. The G represents Gibbs, the chemist who clarified this procedure.
An example of this would be as follows: (p. 129 in the penguin book) when metabolized by cells in the presence of oxygen, glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into carbon dioxide and water, or (CO2 and H2O). The difference of free energy between the reactant and its two products is 686 kcal/mole. If the reaction were to be written out it would appear as
C6 H12O 6 + 6O2 O 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy. Here, energy is sG = -686 kcal/mole. It should be noted that when the sG is negative, the products have less free energy than the reactants.
The reaction above was an example of an exergonic reaction. An exergonic reaction is one where the products have less free energy than the reactants. The opposite of an exergonic reaction is an endergonic reaction. An endergonic reaction is when the products have more free energy than the reactants. An example of this type of reaction would be when plants format glucose within them.
Exergonic and endergonic reactions don’t happen by themselves though, they require an outside source of energy to set them off. Each chemical bond has a certain amount of energy holding the bonds together. In order to break that bond there needs to be an input of energy that is at least equal to the amount found within the bond. The energy that is required to break the bond is normally referred to as the energy of activation.
Another way to achieve a chemical reaction is through a catalyst. A catalyst is something that speeds up the reaction without being used up itself. Basically, a catalyst lowers the energy of activation
Другие работы по теме:
Терроризм - психологические и политические аспекты
Хотя холодная война закончилась, ее место заняла другая, необъявленная война - терроризм. В этой статье рассматриваются:различные виды терроризма; мотивация, приводящая человека к тому, чтобы стать террористом; террористические акции; терроризм, который поддерживаетсягосударством; современное положение стран в этой необъявленной войне.
Bee Gees
Барри Гибб (р.1 сентября 1946, Манчестер, Англия), и его младшие братья-близнецы Робин Гибб и Морис Гибб (р. 22 декабря 1949) были тремя из пяти детей Хью Гибба, лидера одной группы, и Барбары Гибб, бывшей певицы.
Законы Чингизхана Великая Яса
«Эти рулоны называют Великой книгой законов и хоронятся они в казначействе главных принцев. Везде, где хан восседает на трон..., они ставят эти рулоны, демонстрируют их и зачитывают» Ата Малик Джувейни (персидский историк 1226 —1283 гг.)
Australia
is located in the Southern Hemisphere (that is the bottom half of the world). This is why it is sometimes called the Land Down Under. Australia is the smallest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent in the world. It is the only country which is also a whole continent. 18.6 million people live here.
PAUL MCCARTNEY- Is He Really Six Feet
Under Essay, Research Paper PAUL McCARTNEY, SIX FEET UNDER? I read the news today, oh boy, about a lucky man who made the grade…he blew his mind out in a car. He didn’t notice that the lights had changed.(the Beatles, 1967) These lyrics proved to fans that Paul McCartney had indeed died in a tragic auto accident in late 1966.
Critique Assignments Essay Research Paper Teaching science
Critique Assignments Essay, Research Paper Teaching science in the elementary schools is an important subject that should begin being taught an early age. There are many articles on science in the elementary schools. I have chosen four articles that I feel have high levels of importance to the topic. The first article I read was, “What’s the Buzz?” by Laurie A.
The Bee Gees Essay Research Paper THE
The Bee Gees Essay, Research Paper THE BEE GEES The Bee Gees have always display a unique style of elaborte harmony and melodic structure. Despite a career setback due more in part to a
Britain And The European Union Essay Research
Paper ?We have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but not absorbed.?1 Winston Churchill?s famous quote aptly
Power The Federal Government And The Union
Movement Essay, Research Paper When discussing power and its implications, one must take into account several key things: who the proponents are, what positions they hold, and what they have to gain from exercising power. Generally, it is obvious when power is employed, it is one group contesting the other, and an outcome is achieved by the exercise of power, usually by the group in the strongest position.
Movie Tribute Essay Research Paper Interpersonal Communication
Movie Tribute Essay, Research Paper Interpersonal Communication Paper#2 Steve Kim Listening, the Way To Liberation Listening is the most common and frequently used form of communication. It is considered to be one of the most important skills vital to any context applied in life. Besides being the most frequent form of communication, listening is arguably just as significant as speaking in terms of making relationships work, skills needed in creating and maintaining a marriage, in parenting children effectively, and in working together and making effective decisions on the job.
Fashion In The 1970
’s Essay, Research Paper Style is independent of fashion. Those who have style can indeed accept or ignore fashion. For them fashion is not something to be followed, it is rather something to be set, to select from or totally reject. Style is spontaneous, inborn. It is the gloriously deliberate, unpremeditated but divine gift of the few.
Физули Могамед
Физули Могамед Сулейман Оглы (1500 (1502?)—1563) — великий поэт и ученый Азербайджана. Основоположник азербайджанского литературного языка и литературы.