Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper
MARIE CURIE
LIFE OF MARIE CURIE
Marie Curie(1867-1934) was a French physicist with many accomplishments in both physics and chemistry. Marie and her husband Pierre, who was also a French physicist, are both famous for their work in radioactivity.
Marie Curie, originally named Marja Sklodowska, was born in Warsaw, Poland on Nov.7, 1867. Her first learning of physics came from her father who taught it in high school. Marie’s father must have taught his daughter well because in 1891, she went to Paris(where she changed her original name) and enrolled in the Sorbonne. Then two years later she passed the Examination for her physics degree ranking in first place. She met Pierre Curie in 1894, and married him in the next year. Marie subsequently gave birth to two daughters Irene(1897) and Eve(1904).
Pierre Curie(1859-1906) obtained his doctorate in the year of his marriage, but had already distinguished himself in the study of the properties of crystals. He discovered the phenomenon of piezoelectricity, whereby changes in the volume of certain crystals excite small electric potentials. He discovered that the magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic materials is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature, and that there exists a critical temperature above which the magnetic properties disappear, this is called the Curie temperature.
Marie Curie was interested in the recent discoveries of radiation, which were made by Wilhelm Roentgen on the discovery of X-rays in 1895, and by Henri Becquerel in 1896, when he discovered uranium gives off similar invisible radiation as the X-rays. Curie thus began studying uranium radiation and made it her doctoral thesis. With the aid of an electrometer built by Pierre, Marie measured the strength of the radiation emitted form uranium compounds and found it proportional to the uranium content, constant over a long period of time and influenced by external conditions. She detected a similar immutable radiation in the compounds of thorium. While checking these results, she made the discovery that uranium pitchblende and the mineral chalcolite emitted four times as much radiation as their uranium content. She realized that unknown elements, even more radioactive then uranium must be present. Then in 1898 she drew the revolutionary conclusion that pitchblende contains a small amount of an unknown radiating element.
Pierre Curie understood the importance of this supposition and joined his wife’s work. In the next year, the Curie’s discovered two new radiating elements which they named Polonium(after Maries native country) and Radium. They now began the tedious and monumental task of isolating these elements so that their chemical properties could be determined. During the next four years, working in a leaky wooden shed, they processed a ton of pitchblende, laboriously isolating from it a fraction of a gram of radium.
In 1903, Marie Curie obtained her doctorate for a thesis on radioactive substances, and with her husband and Henri Becquerel she won the Nobel Prize for physics for the joint discovery of radioactivity. Finally, the Curies financial aspect was relieved, and the following year Pierre was made the professor at the Sorbonne, and Marie the assistant. Everything was going well for the Curies, but then Pierre was run over by a horse drawn cart and killed. Marie was deeply affected by his death and overcame this blow only by putting all her energy into her scientific work that they had begun together.
Marie took over her husband’s post at the Sorbonne, thus making her the first female lecturer at the Sorbonne, and in 1908 she was appointed the professor. In 1911 she received an unprecedented second Nobel prize, this time in chemistry for her work on radium and it’s compound.
During World War I, Madame Curie dedicated herself entirely to the development of the use of X-rays in medicine. In 1918 she became head of the Paris Institute of Radium, were her daughter Irene Joliot-Curie worked with her husband Fredric Joliet. Her research for the rest of her life was dedicated to the chemistry of radioactive materials and their medical applications. She labored to establish international scholarships and lectured abroad. Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934 of Leukemia, which was undoubtedly caused by prolonged exposure to radiation. A year later Irene and Fredric won the Nobel prize in chemistry for the synthesis of new radioactive elements.
ELEMENTS MARIE DISCOVERED
Polonium is a rare metallic element, which naturally occurs in uranium ore pitchblende. But most commonly is made artificially by bombarding bismuth( a brittle metal) with neutrons. It is used chiefly by scientists for nuclear research.
Radium is a highly radioactive metallic element. It occurs mostly in thorium ores and uranium. It was discovered by the Curies while processing pitchblende. Until mid-1950’s radium was only used for treating cancer and an ingredient in fluorescent paint used for watch and instrument dials. Today safer and cheaper sources of radiation have replaced radium for most industrial and medical uses.
CONCLUSION
The work of the Curies, which by its nature dealt with changes in the atomic nucleus, led the way toward modern understanding of the atom as an entity that can be split to release enormous amounts of energy. With these discoveries we have been able to actually put to use the elements in our everyday life.
Другие работы по теме:
Stranger Philosophy Essay Research Paper
"It has been said that Camus ‘?was haunted with the notion that our world is a universe which has no place for us, in which our life makes no sense?" The Stranger reflects this philosophy in a myriad of ways. Mr.
The Stranger 2 Essay Research Paper Albert
The Stranger 2 Essay, Research Paper Albert Camus novel, The Stranger, examines what happens to a passive man when mixed in a murder. During the trial of the main character, Meursault, the prosecutor examines Meursault s normal behavior as callous and cold. In order for the prosecutor to have a case in the reader s mind, Camus must create the past that the trial calls for.
Love Medicine Essay Research Paper Love MedicineLove
Love Medicine Essay, Research Paper Love Medicine Love Medicine is a novel about relationships. It is about families and lovers. It is about love as the tie that binds. The characters in the novel live throughout their lives experiencing different things with different people, but it all comes back to love as the force that brings them together.
Women And Shopping Essay Research Paper What
Women And Shopping Essay, Research Paper What motivates women to shop? I attempted to answer the age old question by surveying five ladies who are self-proclaimed experts at the “art” of shopping. These five ladies, Joanne, Kim, Marie, Shirley, and Kimmie sat down with me individually and this is what I basically gathered from the discussion sessions.
Summary Of Part 1 Of The Stranger
Essay, Research Paper Mersault is notified by mail that his mother has died, though he is not sure of the exact date. He notes that the entire funeral moved so fast and deliberately that he remembers nothing except a comment of the nurse and the image of Perez crying. Upon waking up from his 12 hour sleep, Meursault realizes that it is Saturday and that he will receive a total of four days off from work.
Condorcet Essay Research Paper Marie Jean Antoine
Condorcet Essay, Research Paper Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, better known as Marquis de Condorcet, was born in Ribemont, Paris. He studied at Jesuit schools and the college de Navarre and
Le Rossignol Essay Research Paper Le Rossignol
Le Rossignol Essay, Research Paper Le Rossignol est un lai de Marie de France qui s?etait traduire en vers romans de huit syllables entre les annee 1160 et 1180. Dans Le Rossignol, Marie de France examine l?amour courtois et l?amour de la court qui observe des regles. Un exemple de ses regles s?appele **Traite de l?amour ?courtois?** de Andre Le Chapelain qui nous avons deja lu en classe.
Pierre Curie Essay Research Paper Born in
Pierre Curie Essay, Research Paper Born in 1859 in Paris, Pierre Curie was a French physicist who spent a great deal of his life dealing in the fields of chemistry and physics. During his lifetime, he was known for his work in radioactivity, magnetism, piezoelectric effect, and his work and studies with his wife Marie Curie in discovering new elements on the periodic table.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Why was
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Why was Marie Curie a significant woman in European Science? Marie Curie was the most successful scientist to come out of Poland. She saw science as a beauty that she wanted to withhold.# Science to her was an unknown fairy tale phenomena that she was determined to discover.
Child Neglect Or Genetic Reflex Essay Research
Paper Imagine at age 3 already weighing 120 lbs, and the feeling of being taken away from your parents. It is scary thought for any child, but is a reality for one little girl in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Ana Marie Martinez-Regino, who is 120 pounds, was taken from her parents and put into state custody on August 25.
Pierre And Marie Curie Essay Research Paper
Pierre and Marie Curie and the Discovery of Polonium and Radium Introduction Marie and Pierre Curie’s pioneer research was again brought to mind when on 20 April last year, their bodies were taken from their place of burial at Sceaux, just outside Paris, and in a solemn ceremony were laid to rest under the mighty dome of the Panthйon.
The Importance Of The Character Of Marie
In ‘The Outsider’ Essay, Research Paper The purpose of this essay is to bring to light the significance of Marie as a character in Albert Camus?, ?The Outsider?. Through analysis and criticism, this essay endeavors to reveal her importance as an aid to the better the reader?s understanding of the personality of Meursault, the protagonist of the novel.
Two Lives Reflected Essay Research Paper Two
Two Lives Reflected Essay, Research Paper Two Lives Reflect Gluckel von Hameln or Glikl and Marie de L Incarnation lived mirror like lives in Women on the Margins: Three Seventeenth Century Lives by Natalie Zemon Davis. The two women were very devout in their religion. They were both well-educated women.
Letter Of A Woman Homesteader Daughter Of
Earth, Mrs. Spring Fragrance Essay, Research Paper A person’s family can be one of the most influential forces in their life. It shapes a person’s character, values, and personality and influences their life in a positive or negative manner. What makes up a family can vary from person to person. Family could be a mother, father, and children, or it could be the people one cares about whether they are related or not.
Hitler Essay Research Paper VoltaireVoltaire was born
Hitler Essay, Research Paper Voltaire Voltaire was born in Paris, France in 1694 to the name of Fran ois Marie Arouet. Voltaire was the son of a notary and he was educated at the Jesuit College Louis-le-Grand. During his life Voltaire was unjustly imprisoned two times. One time from 1717 to 1718 he was sent to the Bastillle for insults to the regent, Philippe II d Orl ans, which were wrongly ascribed to him.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Marie CurieMarie
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Marie Curie Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on November 7, 1867. She was actually born to the name Marja Sklodowska. When she was 24, she went to Paris where she changed her name to Marie and started school in Sorbonne. In 1893, she received her degree in physics. When she needed a lab to experiment in, a Professor Kovalski said that there might be space in the School of Physics and Chemistry.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Marie Curie
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Marie Curie is the most famous woman of physics. She has been recognized for her work with Nobel Prize awards in both physics (1903) and chemistry (1911). She got a late start with her education obtaining her license in physics in 1893 and the corresponding degree in mathematics in 1894.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper The ashes
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper The ashes of Marie Curie and her husband Pierre have now been laid to rest under the famous dome of the Panth?on. Through her discovery of radium, Marie Curie paved the way for nuclear physics and cancer therapy. Born of Polish parents, she was a woman of science and courage, compassionate yet stubbornly determined.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Marie Curie18671934PolishFrench
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Marie Curie 1867-1934 Polish-French chemist and physicist Marie Curie was born Marya Sklodowska, youngest child of mother Bronsitwa Boguska, a pianist, singer, and teacher, and father Ladislas Sklodowski, a professor of mathematics and physics. Bronsitwa Sklodowski died of tuberculosis when Marya was only 11 years old, leaving her father Ladislas Sklodowski as Marie?s role model.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Curie Mariephysicist
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Curie, Marie physicist and twice Nobel laureate, best known for her Curie, Marie, nйe Maria Sklodowska (1867-1934), French work on radioactivity, with her husband Pierre. Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw, Poland, which was then part of the Russian Empire. Her father, an ardent Polish nationalist, taught mathematics and physics at a secondary school, but was denied promotion because of his political views, which he passed on to his daughter.
Love In Lanval Essay Research Paper Love
Love In Lanval Essay, Research Paper Love is the central theme of the two stories Lanval , by Marie De France, and The Prologue and Tale of the Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffery Chaucer. The authors have very similar opinions about the nature of love and how people react to being in love. One of the messages conveyed in both stories is the irresistible power that a woman has over a man who is in love with her.
Ashley Lenhard Essay Research Paper Ashley LenhardEnglishFinal
Ashley Lenhard Essay, Research Paper Ashley Lenhard English Final Draft I am Ashley Marie Lenhard. I was born on September 27, 1983 at Holy Family Hospital. As an only child of Scot and Ronda Lenhard, planning my future came very early in life. My plans are to further my education after High School by attending a four year University to become a Dental Hygienist.
William Blake Essay Research Paper This week
William Blake Essay, Research Paper This week I was scheduled to work with Irene Balli. She is one of dining services main managers. She mostly oversees all of the banquets that go on here at Marywood. On the 16th of April was the Cor Marie, which is a very large banquet that consists of all major heads of all departments at Marywood.
Mad Shadows Essay Research Paper Mad Shadows
Mad Shadows Essay, Research Paper Mad Shadows is a book about obsession and delusion. It’s characters exhibit fixations on beauty, wealth and revenge. This coincides with the fact that all the main characters are defected
The Stranger Essay Research Paper Camus entitled
The Stranger Essay, Research Paper Camus entitled his novel The Stranger because his protagonist actually was a stranger to both his associates and his surroundings. Monsieur Meursault was never really known by
The Voltaire Essay Research Paper Voltaire Francois
The Voltaire Essay, Research Paper Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet (pen name Voltaire) was born on November 21, 1694 in Paris. Voltaire’s style, wit, intelligence and keen sense of justice made him one of France’s greatest writers and philosophers. Young Francois Marie received an excellent education at a Jesuit school.
Madam Curie Essay Research Paper Madam Curie
Madam Curie Essay, Research Paper Madam Curie Manya Sklodowska, as she was called before marriage, was born in Warsaw, Poland, in 1867. Her father taught mathematics and physics. Her mother, a musician who played the piano and sang, was never able to hug or kiss her children because of Tuberculosis, a very contagious disease, which later took her life on May 7, 1878.
By Means Of Power Essay Research Paper
By Means of Power Both Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde, in their respective poems entitled Power, convey the idea that ones identity and sense of worth is defined by what they are willing to give up. This message is energized by the emotion the authors evoke through their ability to communicate a sense of experience.
The Train Essay Research Paper The Train
The Train Essay, Research Paper The Train, by Diane Hoh, is a thrilling book. It has five main characters; Hanna Deaton, Jean Marie Westlake, Lewis Joseph Reed, Kerry Oliver, and Mack Mc. Comber, who all went to Parker High School. Hanna is a not so bright girl with naturally wavy chocolate covered hair and claustrophobic.