Io, Saturnalia Essay, Research Paper
In the Roman calendar Saturnalia was designated a holy day, or holiday. The name is derived from the god Saturnus, the god of seed and sowing. At the time of the winter solstice (December 25 in the Julian calendar), Saturnus was honored with a festival. It was officially celebrated on December 17 (a.d. XVI Kal. Ian.), in the middle of two other agricultural festivals: the Consualia, which celebrated the opening of the granaries and was named after Consus, god of the granary; and the Opalia, honoring the Ops, who personified abundance and the fruits of the earth, and was the consort of Saturn.
Roman Saturnalia was a day on which religious rites were performed. Saturn, himself, was sacrificed with the head uncovered. The Temple of Saturn is the oldest temple ever recorded by the pontifices. This was dedicated on the Saturnalia, and the woolen bonds on the feet of the ivory cult statue were loosened on that day to symbolize the liberation of the god. On this festive day, after the sacrifice, there was a public banquet which was introduced in 217 BC. Afterwards, the celebrants shouted Io, Saturnalia! The Saturnalia was the most popular holiday of the Roman year. In Cicero s time, the Saturnalia lasted seven days (Dec. 17-23), but Augustus attempted to limit it to three so that the civil courts would not have to be closed any longer than necessary. The reign of Caligula extended the holiday to five days, although most people still continue to celebrate it for seven. It was an occasion for celebration, visits to friends, and the presentation of gifts, particularly wax candles, perhaps to signify the returning light after the solstice, and little earthenware figures or dolls.
During the Saturnalia holiday, restrictions were relaxed and the social order inverted. Gambling was allowed in public and even slaves were permitted to use dice and not required to work. Togas were not worn, but instead replaced with less formal dinner clothes and a pilleus, or felt cap that symbolized the freedom of the season. Within ones family, a Lord of Misrule was chosen. Slaves were treated equal to others and waited on by their masters at meal times, in remembrance of an earlier golden age thought to have been ushered in by the god. Saturnalia continued to be celebrated as Brumalia down to the Christian era, when, by the middle of the fourth century AD, its rituals had evolved and become absorbed in the celebration of Christmas.
Другие работы по теме:
Poem Fading Away Essay Research Paper as
Poem: Fading Away Essay, Research Paper as i gaze at the falling rain trying to get away from all the pain som uch tension rising in the air dying inside does anyone care
Romeo An Juliet Essay Research Paper hi
Romeo An Juliet Essay, Research Paper hi i need an essay about a character in romeo and juliet that demonsrtated maturity. in a well developed multi pagraph essay and say why you think the character’s maturity was greater than the other characters in the play.
Oh Really Essay Research Paper Oh Reallyyou
Oh Really? Essay, Research Paper Oh Really, you think i am a lark, the dogs they run and bark, but when i say to them, shut up shut up shut up, you say to be nice to them,
ROTC Entrence Essay Essay Research Paper entrance
ROTC Entrence Essay Essay, Research Paper entrance essay For almost as long as I cn remember, I have been interested in th military. Influenced by such movies as “Patton”, and by my dad’s interest in military history, my
Shane Essay Research Paper Sometimes I need
Shane Essay, Research Paper Sometimes, I need you more than I need air And sometimes I miss you more than I will forever, never forget the times that we have shaared. The are priceless
Poem Belong Essay Research Paper Where I
Poem: Belong Essay, Research Paper Where I belong I am weak, I am strong I will fit where I belong don’t know where it is for now but it will come, if I allow tomorrow, I start a brand new day
Him Essay Research Paper I think about
Him Essay, Research Paper I think about him day and night The though won’t go away And, oh, how I would hold him tight every second of the day He is perfect, that is true, not an average me or you
Every Single Day Essay Research Paper Every
Every Single Day Essay, Research Paper Every Single Day By Kacey Babineaux You just can?t stop looking for Your old friends Your old lovers Your old hope But you do quietly wonder to yourself,
Poem She Sat Essay Research Paper She
Poem: She Sat Essay, Research Paper She sat… helpless in her room praying to whatever god there may be to let her call to him. could god ignore such a painful cry?
School Essay Research Paper School Where
School Essay, Research Paper School! Where did they come up with that name? I guess because it rhymes with lame Now this rhyme you read will be quite corny Please don’t get upset, mad, or horny
Ode To Boys Essay Research Paper We
Ode To Boys Essay, Research Paper We like them But do they like us The ones we do never fuss They don’t stop in And we wonder why We stress, we bitch We sometimes cry
Crying Again Essay Research Paper The Sky
Crying Again Essay, Research Paper The Sky is crying again And i am crying again. When did it start? When will it end? How’d i wind up with out a friend? Tears from my heart cling to my soul.
Life Is Like Essay Research Paper Life
Life Is Like Essay, Research Paper Life is like a car. When it?s new, it usually works all right. As time drives by, it breaks down and needs repairs. Life is like a leaf. In its youth, it
Love Poems Essay Research Paper All That
Love Poems Essay, Research Paper All That You Are by Steven Duke Poem No. 41993 Everything that you are, Makes me wonder how it’s true, That I?ve found everything I have,
Hell Day Essay Research Paper Hell day
Hell Day Essay, Research Paper Hell day is a fun day where everything is like a burn day. If you would listen you could learn about this day and be apart of this day. If you are wise then you will relize that hell day is satans Birthday!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Dare Essay Essay Research Paper What DARE
Dare Essay Essay, Research Paper What D.A.R.E Means To Me Dare has prepared me to say no to drugs in eight different ways. If anyone asks me to do drugs I will know what to do, such as- just ignoring the person or just
The Playground Essay Research Paper I have
The Playground Essay, Research Paper I have a friend I used to know who had a playground where we would go The times we had are fresh in my mind but they are from another time
How To Writing A Research Essay Essay
, Research Paper How To Writing A Research Essay The toughest part of the essay, for me, was taking all the information I had gained and reduce it to a mere few pages essay. After all, quality is better