Nitrogen Essay, Research Paper
Nitrogen was isolated by the British physician
Daniel Rutherford in 1772 and recognized as an
elemental gas by the French chemist Antoine
Laurent Lavoisier about 1776. Properties
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless,
nontoxic gas. It can be condensed into a colorless
liquid, which can in turn be compressed into a
colorless, crystalline solid. Nitrogen exists in two
natural forms of isotopes, and four radioactive
isotopes have been artificially prepared. Nitrogen
melts at -210.01° C (-346.02° F), boils at
-195.79° C (-320.42° F), and has a density of
1.251 g/liter at 0° C (32° F). The atomic weight of
nitrogen is 14.007. Nitrogen is obtained from the
atmosphere by passing air over heated copper or
iron. The oxygen is removed from the air, leaving
nitrogen mixed with some inert gases. Pure
nitrogen is obtained by partial evaporation of liquid
air because liquid nitrogen has a lower boiling
point than liquid oxygen, the nitrogen evaporates
off first and can be collected. Nitrogen composes
about four-fifths (78.03 percent) by volume of the
atmosphere. Nitrogen is inert and serves as a
diluent for oxygen in burning and respiration
processes. It is an important element in plant
nutrition certain bacteria in the soil convert
nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form, such as
nitrate, that can be absorbed by plants, a process
called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen in the form of
protein is an important component of animal tissue.
The element occurs in the combined state in
minerals, of which saltpeter (KNO3) and Chile
saltpeter (NaNO3) are highly important products.
Nitrogen combines with other elements only at
very high temperatures or pressures. It is
converted to an active form by passing through an
electric discharge at low pressure. The nitrogen
produced is very active, combining with alkali
metals to form azides with the vapor of zinc,
mercury cadmium, and arsenic to form nitrides and
with many hydrocarbons to form nitriles. Activated
nitrogen returns to ordinary nitrogen in about one
minute.In the combined state nitrogen takes has
many reactions it forms so many compounds that a
systematic scheme of compounds containing
nitrogen in place of oxygen was created by the
American chemist Edward Franklin. In
compounds nitrogen exists in all the combination
capacity states between -3 and +5. Ammonia, and
hydroxylamine represent compounds in which the
combination capacity of nitrogen is -3, -2, and -1,
individually. Oxides of nitrogen represent nitrogen
in all the positive combination capacity states.
Uses Most of the nitrogen used in the chemical
industry is obtained by the fractional distillation of
liquid air. It is then used to synthesize ammonia.
From ammonia produced in this manner, a wide
variety of important chemical products are
prepared, including fertilizers, nitric acid, urea,
hydrazine, and amines. In addition, an ammonia
compound is used in the preparation of nitrous
oxide (N2O) a colorless gas popularly known as
laughing gas. Mixed with oxygen, nitrous oxide is
used as an anesthetic for some types of
surgery.Used as a coolant, liquid nitrogen has
found widespread application in the field of
cryogenics. With the recent advent of ceramic
materials that become superconductive at the
boiling point of nitrogen, the use of nitrogen as a
coolant is increasing.
Другие работы по теме:
Ammonia Excrfetion As A Function Of Body
Size In Cray Fish Essay, Research Paper Ammonia Excretion As A Function Of Body Size In Crayfish INTRODUCTION The breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids during metabolismgives rise to excess nitrogen which must be rid of by living organisms. Aquatic animals, such as the crayfish we studied in lab, the excess nitrogen is excreted in the form of ammonia (NH3) Because ammonia is highly soluble in water, the ammonia is able to be excreted across the gills into the water.
Marketing By The Barnes Group Essay Research
Paper Jason Bjornstad 10-27-01 Fin 380 Barnes Group Inc. Barnes Group Inc. is a diversified international manufacturer of precision metal parts and distributor of industrial supplies. Founded in 1857 and headquartered in Bristol, Connecticut, Barnes Group consists of three businesses: Associated Spring, a manufacturer of mechanical and nitrogen gas springs; Barnes Aerospace, a manufacturer and repairer of aircraft engine and air frame components and assemblies; and Barnes Distribution, a distributor of maintenance, repair and operating supplies.
How Helium Works Essay Research Paper How
How Helium Works Essay, Research Paper How Helium Balloons Work There is something incredibly special about helium balloons! If you buy one at the circus or fair, you can hold its string and it will ride along above you. If you let go of the string it will fly away until you cannot see it anymore. If you have ever wondered why it flies away, the passages below can help you to figure out the mystery.
Importance Of Monera Essay Research Paper a
Importance Of Monera Essay, Research Paper a) Production of food: cheese, yogurt, vinegar, wine, sour cream, etc. b) Industry : cleaning up petroleum, remove waste products from the water,
Nutrient Deficiences On Fescue Essay Research Paper
Introduction In our experiment, different combinations and rates of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorus were applied to Festuca arundinaceae, or tall fescue. The goal was to determine which rate and combination would result in the highest rate of shoot growth.
Rutherford Essay Research Paper Ernest Rutherford 18711937Ernest
Rutherford Essay, Research Paper Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand. Rutherford demonstrated his abilities as a scientist early on while working on his B.Sc. at the University of New Zealand in 1894. He showed that the magnetization can be removed from a magnetized iron needle by dissolving the surface layer of the metal in acid.
Caffeine 2 Essay Research Paper CaffeineAs can
Caffeine 2 Essay, Research Paper Caffeine As can be seen above, caffeine consists of two carbon/nitrogen rings with oxygen and methyl groups as substituents. The fused rings are similar to those in adenine only the substituents differ. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, and many soft drinks. There is also some amount of caffeine in chocolate, as well as a closely related stimulant, theobromine.
Car Pollution Essay Research Paper Since the
Car Pollution Essay, Research Paper Since the invention of the automobile, man has put on this earth millions upon millions of cars. These automobiles that we so frequently use, are now polluting the environment we live in. Our cars are now the single greatest contributors of poisonous gases in our environment today.
Nitrogen Fixing Essay Research Paper Clover growth
Nitrogen Fixing Essay, Research Paper Clover, growth rate, inoculation with Nitrogen fixing bacteria in Nitrogen deficient conditions Nitrogen Fixation was proved to increase the growth of clover plants over a ten-week experiment in Nitrogen deficient conditions. The Hypothesis was proved correct with no difficulties encountered.
Haber Process Essay Research Paper HABER PROCESSYou
Haber Process Essay, Research Paper HABER PROCESS You are to develop a new industrial plant in the area and a committee has decided that a new ammonia facility is to be built. This plant will use the Haber process in the ammonia production. The ammonia will eventually be used in the production of ammonium nitrate fertilizer.
The Haber Process Essay Research Paper 1
The Haber Process Essay, Research Paper 1. The Haber Process During the first decade of the twentieth century the world-wide demand for ammonia for use in fertilisers (in the form of nitrates) and in the production of explosives for use in mining and warfare could only be satisfied on a large scale from deposits of guano in Chile (2).
Why Can
’t Human Dive Us Deep Us Other Diving Animals? Essay, Research Paper When a diver dives deep for a period of time, breathing regular compressed air, a certain amount on nitrogen will be dissolved in the blood. If the diver comes back up to the reduced pressure of the surface too quickly, small bubbles of nitrogen will form in the blood stream.
Enthalpy Essay Research Paper What are the
Enthalpy Essay, Research Paper What are the thermodynamic standard conditions? 298K, 1 atm pressure, concentration of 1mol per dm3 What is enthalpy change? The heat change measured at a constant pressure and
The Principle Events In The Evolution Of
The Earth’s Atmosphere Essay, Research Paper The Principle Events in the Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere The literal translation of the word atmosphere is “sphere of vapors”. The Earth’s atmosphere is a protective sphere of vapors, or air that surrounds the Earth and provides it with a layer of insulation from the harmful rays of the sun.
Airbags Essay Research Paper Automobiles are being
Airbags Essay, Research Paper Automobiles are being equipped with airbags that inflate on collision to protect the driver or passenger from injury. A car s airbag is located on the steering wheel, this airbag is for the driver, and on the dashboard, this airbag is for the passenger. Automobile airbags are inflated by the electrical system and sensors in the car that triggers a chemical reaction to occur.
Krypton Essay Research Paper The element that
Krypton Essay, Research Paper The element that I have chosen in . The people who discovered it are known as Sir William Ramsay and Morris William Travers. Sir William Ramsay and Morris William
Fertilizer Essay Research Paper Fertilizer is a
Fertilizer Essay, Research Paper Fertilizer is a substance added to soil to help plants grow. Fertilizer is divided into two groups: natural and synthetic. Fertilizer provides one or more of the chemical elements essential for plant nutrition.
Important Chemical Elements Essay Research Paper I
Important Chemical Elements Essay, Research Paper I believe that the three most important elements that exist are nitrogen, carbon and oxygen. Nitrogen is extremely valuable because it is such a large part of the food web. Carbon is important because it is also part of the food web due to the fact that it plays such an important role in the structure of all living things and many nonliving things.
Nucleic Acids Essay Research Paper DNA is
Nucleic Acids Essay, Research Paper DNA is the single most important molecule found within cells. It is a stable polynucleotide, which contains coded information for inherited characteristics. It is contained in chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryot cell. The essential features of the Watson-Crick model are summarised below.
Biosphere Essay Research Paper The biosphere is
Biosphere Essay, Research Paper The biosphere is part of the earth in which life exists. It is 20 km thick from the bottom of the ocean to the lower atmosphere. It consists of three layers:
WaterNitrogen Carbon And Phosphourus Cycles Essay Research
Paper The carbon cycle deals with the interaction of carbon between living organisms and the nonliving environment. This cycle is a process through which all carbon rotates. The main result of the carbon cycle is to serve as a great natural “recycler” of carbon atoms.
Untitled Essay Research Paper Mustard Gas is
Untitled Essay, Research Paper Mustard Gas is a group of chemical compounds used in chemical warfare, so called because of its mustard-like smell. Mustard gas contains carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine, with either sulfur or nitrogen. When it comes in contact with skin, mustard gas causes severe blisters.
Chemical Bonding Essay Research Paper Chemical bonds
Chemical Bonding Essay, Research Paper Chemical bonds are what make up the world. In bonds, elements are held together and form compounds that may have new physical and chemical properties. There are two main kinds of bonds, they ionic and covalent. In bonding the goal of the atoms involved is to reach a level of stability with less energy.
Biology Notes Essay Research Paper DNA is
Biology Notes Essay, Research Paper DNA is a very large polymer made up of many monomers called nucleotides Each Dna nucleotide consist of: a. the sugar deoxyribose
Air Polution Essay Research Paper AIR POLLUTIONSome
Air Polution Essay, Research Paper AIR POLLUTION Some causes of air pollution are Smog, Acid Rain and Nuclear Problems. Smog is a word that discribes a mixture of smoke and fog. In some places you are advised to stay indoors when smog is bad. One of these places is Mexico City in Mexico. It has some the worst air pollution in the world.
Freezing Methods Essay Research Paper
Since the beginning of time people have been trying new ideas for keeping things like foodcold. Up until the early 20th century ice was the best method for cooling perishable items, butthen we figured out a more efficient and affective way of keeping items cold. It was called the refrigerator. Soon after the introduction of the refrigerator we developed something calledcryogenic freeing, which is freezing with very low temperatures.
Fossil Fuels Essay Research Paper We get
Fossil Fuels Essay, Research Paper We get energy from sunlight, wind, nuclear plants, and damns However, most of the energy that we use comes from fossil fuels. There are three major fossil fuels: Coal, oil and natural gas. These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Carbon is the major element in fossil fuels.
Protein Synthesis Essay Research Paper Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Essay, Research Paper Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is the process by which genetic information from the DNA stored in the nucleus is transferred to the ribosomes where it is used to arrange amino acids into proteins.
Nostoc Information Essay Research Paper Scientific name
Nostoc Information Essay, Research Paper Scientific name – Kingdom- Monera, Phylum- Cyanobacteria, Class- NA, Order- nostocaler, Family- Nostocaceae, Genus- Nostoc, Species- caeruleumDescription- Nostoc is a one celled autotrophic organism that performs photosynthesis with out chloroplasts.
Report On Neon Essay Research Paper Neon
Report On Neon Essay, Research Paper Neon was discovered in 1898 by British chemists Sir William Ramsay and Morris W. Travers as a component of the most volatile fraction of liquefied crude argon obtained from air. Upon applying an electric current to it, the chemists found that it had an orange glow, and they decided that it was not argon, but rather a new element altogether.