Yellow Wallpaper Essay, Research Paper
The importance of the wallpaper in "The Yellow Wallpaper", and the
‘three’ sides of Jane The ‘trio’ in Jane In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s "The
Yellow Wallpaper", Gilman makes direct or indirect reference to objects
which play a symbolic role within the context of the story and elucidate its
thematic fibre, a fibre which revolves around the main character and whose
essence is integrated in her inner constitution. Thus, in order to come to terms
with the story and draw certain conclusions based on this fibre, it is crucial
to examine these objects and what they symbolise within this thematic fibre and
obtain a better understanding of the main character. The main object which forms
the backdrop to this fibre and generates the thread of action is the wallpaper
itself, a mirror image of the heroine Jane and her cohesive selves, an opaque
medium into the subdivisions of her own mind. Jane, who is also the narrator of
the story and its centre of consciousness, is recounting her domesticated and
repressed way of life, as well as her husband’s treatment of her as a result of
her postpartum depression. What emerges, however, from Jane’s exposition,
becomes a sinister paradox open to diverse interpretation, for what comes to the
surface as a result of Jane’s constant obsession with the wallpaper is an
unnerving sense that she is suffering not only from postpartum depression, but
also from multiple schizophrenia. Her own narration in effect becomes an
egocentric psychoanalysis where the fibre of her identities can be divested and
detached little by little by the reader, and constant references to the
wallpaper allow for this process since it is the wallpaper itself which forms
the fibre of Jane’s selves. One such instance is when Jane claims that the
wallpaper changes color by night: "By moonlight- the moon shines in all
night when there is a moon- I wouldn’t know it was the same paper." Here,
very clearly, we have a juxtaposition of two dissociated identities, with the
change in the color of the wallpaper stressing the shift in both identity and
role. Jane’s delirium is set off by her constant shifting or playing off of self
from one ego to the other. At night a different self emerges and, since the
wallpaper is nothing other than a projection of Jane’s selves, it becomes
feasible that the wallpaper should also change aspect as one Jane is played off
against the other. Furthermore, in several cases of the disease which Jane seems
to show signs of, the patient loses sight of one personality as the other sets
in. Hence it would be logical for Jane not to recognise the paper since it is a
side of her which becomes disconnected from her conscious mind as soon as the
transformation has taken place. One of Freud’s theories in psychoanalysis is
very explicit about this dissociation. Freud, for instance, claims that systems
of thought can be split off from each other and congeal into a secondary
personality that is unconscious: "We have come upon something in the ego
itself which is also unconscious, which behaves exactly like the repressed- that
is, which produces powerful effects without itself being conscious and which
requires special work before it can be made conscious." (Sigmund Freud’s
The Ego and the Id, 1923, pgs. 8-9) In simple terms, repression in Freudian
psychoanalysis is visualized as the split between the conscious and unconscious
minds. Separate and dissociated aspects of consciousness may exist, but they are
in constant conflict. The subliminal tries to emerge on the surface. The
wallpaper in The Yellow Wallpaper is ‘repression’; it incorporates two planes of
consciousness within Jane’s own mind, two planes in battle. The repressed and
unconscious self behind that wallpaper is struggling to come out, but it
‘requires special work before it can be made conscious, and this can be seen in
the violent struggle which occurs at the transition phase: "I pulled and
she shook. I shook and she pulled, and before morning we had peeled off yards of
that paper." Here the narrator’s words reveals more than an intensity of
the obsessed mind. The use of words such as "shook" and
"pulled" suggest the battle between the conscious and the unconscious,
the power which thrusts the unconscious into being. The wallpaper again reflects
two planes of consciousness, but as it is divested by the conscious side of
Jane, the repressed and unconscious side can take the role of the conscious.
Also, the fact that" pulled" and "shook" switch roles in the
struggle, with "I pulled" turning into "I shook" and the
same evident shift with "she"- the secondary personality- shows the
submergence of the selves, with the wallpaper as medium. ET Aul, who suffers
from this disease commonly known as Multiple Personality Disorder, has written
in her autobiography As You Desire Me: The Psychology of a Multiple Personality:
"Those with dissociated identities, with "split" personalities,
are locked into one or more roles, and their changes from role to role are
dictated by their circumstances rather than their own choice. The change may be
completely out of their control and they may, or may not, be aware of it."
Hence, Jane’s struggle, or transition, is beyond her control and she cannot be
aware of it. "I wouldn’t know it was the same paper" proves this- she
is not aware of the two planes of consciousness within her own mind anymore than<br...
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