Genetic Disorders Essay, Research Paper
Introduction
Genetic Disorders are medical conditions that are caused by an error in a
person’s genes. Some of them appear as a birth defect, while others do not
become distinct until later in life. Genetic disorders can range from those that
cause death to those that produce only mild problems, such as color blindness
or an extra pinky. Scientists have distinguished more than 9,000 genetic
disorders. Some are exceptionally rare while others are quite common.
Types of Genetic Disorders
There are three types of genetic disorders. The first one is categorized as
single-gene disorders. A second category of genetic diseases is chromosomal
disorders which involves abnormalities of chromosomes in which too much or
too little chromosome material is present. The third category would be the
multifactorial disorders.
Single-gene disorders result from errors within an individual gene. An
example of one would be Huntington s disease. This condition affects 1 in
10,000 and usually doesn t affect the person until they are 30 or 40 years old. A person with this disease develops uncontrolled movements and may have
problems with coordination, thinking, and judgment. A weakening of the
nerve cells in the brain causes these symptoms and later results in death.
Another single-gene disorder is the Tay Sachs Disease. People who
inherit the faulty Tay Sachs gene lack a crucial enzyme that is needed to break
down fatty substances in brain and nerve cells. As a result, these substances
build up in such large quantities that the central nervous system
gradually stops functioning and the person dies. Symptoms usually become
evident within the first six months of life, and most children die before reaching the age of four. 1 in 3,600 people of eastern European Jewish ancestry carry it.
A category of single-gene disorders known as X-linked disorders involves
genes located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes. An
example of an X-linked disorder is hemophilia. People with hemophilia usually
lack 1 of the 14 or more proteins called clotting factors that repair a cut or torn blood vessel. Therefore, when they have an injury their bodies are unable to stop bleeding. About 1 in 10,000 men have hemophilia A.
Chromosomal disorders are caused by the presence of an extra or missing
whole or partial chromosome. Down syndrome is the most common, affecting
about 1 in 800 newborns. People with Down syndrome have three copies of
the autosomal chromosome known as number 21 instead of the normal pair of
number 21 chromosomes. They usually have mild to severe learning disabilities. They also have physical traits that include a small skull, an extra fold of skin at the inner corner of each eye, a flattened bridge of the nose, and a large, protruding tongue.
A person with Klinefelter syndrome, which affects about 1 in 500 males,
has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. Males with Klinefelter
syndrome are typically tall, and they may have some feminine characteristics.
They also may have minor problems with learning and are usually infertile.
Another chromosomal disorder is Turner syndrome. It affects 1 in 2,500
to 5,000 females. In this disorder, a female has one functioning X chromosome
instead of two. Characteristics of females with this condition are typically
short, with a thick, webbed neck. They may have mild problems with learning,
and they usually are infertile because they lack normal ovaries.
Genetic Screening
There are many different types of genetic screening. Clinical geneticists
can use several screening tests to determine whether a person has a genetic
disorder or is at risk of having a child with a genetic disorder. Some are
routine when a baby is born. Among adults they are completely voluntarily.
Treatments for Genetic Disorders
There are no permanent cures for genetic disorders but there are treatments that are available. Most genetic disorders are treated using more than one type of treatment, because of their complex and varied symptoms. For example, children with cystic fibrosis usually take pancreatic enzymes that help digest food and inhale medicines. These are formulated to break up mucus in air passages. Parents of these children regularly pat their chest and back to loosen mucus in the lungs. In some instances, surgeons may perform a lung transplantation to save a patient’s life.
Gene therapy will eventually cure some diseases in the future. Gene therapy alters the genetic makeup of certain cells and it was first used in 1990 to treat children with an ADA deficiency. Children with this deficiency cannot develop normally due to a poor immune system. They lack the immunity to fight off infections and typically die within the first years of life. In experiments
using gene therapy, a modified virus was used to carry a normal ADA gene to the patient’s immune cells. It led to normal immune function in those cells. Gene therapy has also produced promising results in treating a rare
immunologic disorder called chronic granulomatous disease, and there is hope
in the treatment of cystic fibrosis and hemophilia for the future.
Другие работы по теме:
Bulemia Essay Research Paper Not All Black
Bulemia Essay, Research Paper Not All Black And White Christmas is a time of joy, but the Christmas of 1988 was one of revelation for me. My best friend of 15 years unveiled her deepest,
High Schools Should Not Rely On Standard
Achievement Scores Essay, Research Paper High Schools Should not use Standardized Achievement Scores to Determine Whether Students Should be Promoted, Without Regard to Course Grades
Cloning 2 Essay Research Paper Cloning
Cloning 2 Essay, Research Paper Cloning The new breakthrough of cloning is a great advance in biotechnology. The use of cloning can be both beneficial and harmful to society. There are many reasonable ways to use the methods of cloning. For instance, the use for medical purposes can be helpful in cases such as producing animals with human body systems that could be used for transplanting organs.
Personality Disorders Essay Research Paper Personality DisordersThere
Personality Disorders Essay, Research Paper Personality Disorders There are many types of personality disorders and each one has different symptoms and characteristics. Some characteristics are shared by different disorders. People who rebel against their culture or society or who have outbursts and rages or have trouble with social skills, how they see themselves, how they cope with being around other people, and how they control their impulses are characteristics all shared by those who suffer from personality disorders.
The World Of Cloning Essay Research Paper
For many years, scientists, as well as the people of this nation, have been interested in a subject known as cloning. The word clone originally came from the Greek word klon, meaning, a branch or offshoot. In 1961, J.B. Gurdon cloned a tadpole by destroying the nuclei in an unfertilized cell and replacing it with one from an adult tadpole.
Genetic Engeneering Essay Research Paper Genetic EngineeringI
Genetic Engeneering Essay, Research Paper Genetic Engineering I personally think that genetic engineering could be an excellent thing. People should be able to go as far as they can and do anything possible. Diseases could be avoided. Slow metabolic rates could be avoided, which result in overweight people.
Eating Disorders Essay Research Paper Recent studies
Eating Disorders Essay, Research Paper Recent studies show that 3% of women develop anorexia, and 8% of women develop bulimic syndromes at some point in their life. Each year 1,000 women die from anorexia, while 5 million women suffer from some type of eating disorder. Also, the results of a current research show that 92% of young women and 44% of middle age women have dieted to lose weight at least once.
Genetic Disorders Essay Research Paper Genetic disorders
Genetic Disorders Essay, Research Paper Genetic disorders, affecting many different races and genders, have been around for a very long time. Genetic disorders, usually caused by recessive genes, range from minor traits to conditions that prove fatal. Moreover, disorders often result in multiple abnormalities.
Anxiety Disorders Essay Research Paper Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders Essay, Research Paper Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is a feeling of tension associated with a sense of threat of danger when the source of the danger is not known. In comparison, fear is a feeling of tension that is associated with a known source of danger. I believe it is normal for us to have some mild anxiety present in our daily lives.
Anxiety And Phobic Disorders Essay Research Paper
Phobic disorders make up a large part of the anxiety disorders anomalies. A phobia is a persistent fear of objects or situations that are disproportional to the threat posed therein. There are several distinct characteristics of phobias. They are highly specific as to persons, objects, or situations. People suffering from them display physical and cognitive attributes of anxiety, however, do not have an extreme distortion of reality.
Anxiety Disorders Essay Research Paper During stressful
Anxiety Disorders Essay, Research Paper During stressful or threatning situations, some may feel anxious and tense. Feelings of this type are normal in response to stress. Anxiety by definition is a state of apprehension, tension, and worry. An anxiety disorder is characterized by strong anxiety or by maladaptive behavior that is intended to relieve someone from the pressure.
Future Ethical Issues In Genetics Essay Research
Paper There are many ethical issues in the world, and most times there is no conclusion as to which way is right, or wrong. It is simply a matter of opinion. Here today with all the advancements in technology, we can already clone an animal. These and other things are very controversial, and many countries already have laws against cloning.
Birth Defects Essay Research Paper Many babies
Birth Defects Essay, Research Paper Many babies are born in the United States each year with some type of birth defect or disorder. Some disorders can include Cacemogens, Sickle Cell anemia, Mutagens, Down syndrome, Mental retardation and Cerebral Palsy, with these disorders defects can include blindness, deafness, Speech impediment and some may have bone impairment making it hard for children or adults to use any of their limbs.
The Light And Dark Side Of Dna
Technology Essay, Research Paper The Light and Dark Side of DNA Technology As with most modern advances, DNA technology has opened the door to a vast new world of discovery. On the positive side, DNA aids us in the fight against disease, such as cancer, and many genetic disorders, such as muscular dystrophy.
Schizophrenia Essay Research Paper SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a
Schizophrenia Essay, Research Paper Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a group of psychotic disorders characterized by disturbances in thought, perception, affect, behavior, and communication that last longer than 6 months. There are 5 recognized types of schizophrenia: catatonic, paranoid, disorganized, undifferentiated, and residual.
Anorexia 2 Essay Research Paper Anorexia and
Anorexia 2 Essay, Research Paper Anorexia and bulimia are excessive eating disorders. Anorexia is the act of starving oneself, usually to maintain a certain physical image. Bulimia is a disorder in which one person eats an excessive amount (bingeing) and then purges the food on purpose. Bulimics usually induce vomiting or use laxatives of some sort.
Cloning Essay Research Paper In recent years
Cloning Essay, Research Paper In recent years, the issue of cloning has been up for debate worldwide. Cloning is the production of one or more individual plants or animals that are genetically identical to another plant or animal. There are two different types of cloning procedures, embryo cloning and adult DNA cloning.
Picking On Fat Kids Essay Research Paper
Stereotyping can happen in numerous ways; one very cruel way of stereotyping would be stereotyping a person for being overweight. People often stereotype others because of beliefs they have learned from their parents or on their own.
Clinical Psychology Essay Research Paper Career In
Clinical Psychology Essay, Research Paper Career In Clinical Psychology A clinical psychologist is a psychologist with a more extensive background in psychology and puts more emphasis on experimental psychological research. A clinical psychologist is more likely to work in health care setting with patients with more severe disorders.
Eating Disorders Essay Research Paper Each year
Eating Disorders Essay, Research Paper Each year a million of women in America are affected by serious and sometimes life-threatening eating disorders. The most common eating disorders are bulimia and anorexia. Eating disorders occur in men and older women, but more than 90 percent of those afflicted with these diseases are adolescents and young adult women.
Anorexia And Bulimia Essay Research Paper Anorexia
Anorexia And Bulimia Essay, Research Paper Anorexia and Bulimia Anorexia and Bulimia are serious, functional eating disorders. There are many similarities with the two diseases, but the few differences differentiate the two. Mostly occurring in women, these disorders cause a person to look in the mirror and see themselves as 73.6-80.6 percent larger than they really are.
Anorexia Essay Research Paper My project was
Anorexia Essay, Research Paper My project was on eating disorders, mainly anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.Eating disorders are strong expressions of food and weight concerns. People with eating disorders often control their liver by controlling their weight. Thinness is an important measure of self worth for these individuals. it affects all ages, color, occupation, and social class.
Eating Disorders Essay Research Paper Eating disorders
Eating Disorders Essay, Research Paper Eating Disorders: Physical and Psychological Damages Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating. That?s all we see in the bathroom stalls on the seventh floor in Hayes ? Healy. What exactly are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and disordered eating? Anorexia, bulimia, and disordered eating are habits that become an eating disorder.
Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Essay Research Paper
Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia are two deadly disorders that haunt teenage men and women each year. Both conditions are emotional disorders in which have to do with fears of being overweight. Usually, young women are recipients of these plagues, but it isn’t uncommon for young men to suffer from Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia.
Eating Disorders Essay Research Paper Eating DisordersEating
Eating Disorders Essay, Research Paper Eating Disorders Eating disorders are mental disorders that can have serious physical complications. These disorders may make normal functioning difficult and can become chronic, crippling illnesses and in extreme cases require hospitalization. There are two main types of eating disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia.
What About Bob Essay Research Paper In
What About Bob Essay, Research Paper In the movie, What About Bob , the main character Bob Wiley is one of Dr. Leo Marvin s newest patients. Dr Marvin is an uptight, egotistical psychiatrist who can t wait to get on Good Morning America to introduce his new book about emotional disorders. When Leo goes to New Hampshire to prepare for his TV appearance and vacation with his family, Bob decides to tag along, tricking the doctor’s answering service into revealing his location.