It s Not There
Archaeology Proves a Negative
-By Margreet Steiner
Introduction
Most people have heard of the City of David, a thriving metropolis. But did this city really exist. Many scholars are still not sure. Little evidence has been found to prove that a developed city Gihon Spring. This would have to be the locating of the city of Jerusalem because Gihon was the only source of water in this region.
Outline
A. Time Periods
1. Late Bronze Age
a. 1550-1200 B.C.E.
b. Period before Israel
2. Iron Age 1
a. 1200-1000 B.C.E.
b. Period of Judges ( Biblical terms )
c. Era just before 12 Israelites tribes supposedly united.
3. Beginning of Iron Age II
a. Encompasses the United monarchy
B. Problems with proving the idea that the history of Jerusalem is accurate.
1. All of the people that have done any large-scale excavation have died before their last reports could be finished.
2. The use of Biblical text to prove the idea of a city
3. Materials found at the four sites excavated
a. There was almost nothing found on any of the four digs in the means of pot sherds.
b. No encircling wall
c. No gates
d. No houses
e. Not even a single piece of architecture
4. The Amarna Letters
a. these were 400 cuneiform letters
b. found at Tell el-Amarna in Egypt
c. In the content of these letters, Jerusalem is describes as a large city surrounded by a sturdy wall.
d. These are also very hard to interpret
5. Building and rebuilding
a. No evidence because of these processes
- Not possible because there isn t ample evidence of fills or building fragments
C. The main issues supporting the city of Jerusalem and reasons why they can be discredited
1. No enough has been excavated.
a. Four major trenches have been excavated.
- in the slopes of the city of David
b. several other deep trenches have been dug
- all of these have had similar outcomes -nothing-
2. All remains have eroded away or were dug away in antiquity
a. Even if this were possible there would still be plenty of pot sherds would have been found
b. Even if for some reason the remains would have been dug away and removed their would still be some Late Bronze Age sherds recovered
3. There were no remains to begin with
a. how could you have a city without any known remains
Conclusion
It is time that history gets rewritten. The city that we know of as Jerusalem did not exist, as we know it. There is no major evidence to prove that it did. All of the facts that have been about to prove its existence are easily proven false. Without some major finds I will not be able to view the city of Jerusalem the same way again.
Другие работы по теме:
I Am Daivd Essay Research Paper I
I Am Daivd Essay, Research Paper I Am David is written by Anne Holm and is about a boy called David. David is a twelve year old boy who has spent his life in a concentration camp. One day a man from the camp helps him to escape. He is told that he must go north until he comes to Denmark. He doesn’t know what life is like outside the camp and is constantly scared in case he gets caught.
David Berkowitz Essay Research Paper David Berkowitz
David Berkowitz Essay, Research Paper David Berkowitz was born in 1953. Rejected and adopted as a child, he concealed his low self-esteem by compulsive lying and bragging. And his extreme shyness toward women by assailing them, starting when he was in his early twenties. His courage bolstered by several non-fatal stabbing attacks.
City Of Joy Essay Research Paper The
City Of Joy Essay, Research Paper The movie “City of Joy” was an excellent use of class time and it shows life in Calcutta very vividly. Life in Calcutta is described in detail and more vividly in the movie than in the textbook. “City of Joy” helped me in understanding the city of Calcutta and the country of India.
Fifth Child Essay Research Paper The Fifth
Fifth Child Essay, Research Paper ?The Fifth Child? In ?The Fifth Child,? Lessing contrasts society?s idea of an ?ideal? family to the ?real? dysfunctional family in our everyday lives. Harriet and David?s dream was to have the ?ideal? family. They made the mistake of setting standards too high for themselves and putting a front of an ideal family, which was just a cover for the real dysfunctional one.
Persuasive Essay Gotham
’s City Cemetery Essay, Research Paper Constructing a cemetery is very useful for many reasons. People in Gotham City should construct a cemetery instead of a monument because people will use it, people will visit it and people will remember it. People in Gotham City need a cemetery than a monument. A cemetery will bring people happier.
Biogeography Essay Research Paper bBiogeographyAfter reading the
Biogeography Essay, Research Paper bBiogeography After reading the text on David Quammen?s voyage through many different islands of the world, I was hit with a certain impression of the world. The first thing that amazed me about how David Quammen wrote the book is that, within a few chapters I felt that the timeline of the creation of earth and suddenly shrunk immensely.
Chrysalids Essay Research Paper In the words
Chrysalids Essay, Research Paper In the words of the Houghton Mifflin Canadian dictionary, deviation is defined as “an abnormality, a departure”. David Strorm, the protagonist in the
Sustainablity Essay Research Paper What is an
Sustainablity Essay, Research Paper What is an unsustainable city? An unsustainable city: Requires continual input of non-renewable resources uses renewable sources faster than the rate of renewal
Nathan
’s Rebuke Essay, Research Paper Nathan s Rebuke Many people are familiar with David s sins involving Bethsheba that resulted in adultery and murder. Though these were dark pages in David s record, they were preserved so that lessons might be learned by those who followed after. These lessons to be learned not only came from David s mistakes, but from the rebuke that Nathan gave to David because of his sins.
Searching For Davids Heart Essay Research Paper
Searching For David?s Heart, and the author is Adele Griffin. The main characters in this book is David and his sister Marcy. David is a 15 year old boy who likes sports and is well known at his school, he is a very popular
The Lost Tribes Essay Research Paper The
The Lost Tribes Essay, Research Paper The Lost Tribes Following the death of Solomon in c. 937 B.C. his crown passed to his son, Rehoboam. Due to Rehoboam s rather tyranical rule revolution broke out against the House of David and the Kingdom of Palestine split in two. Of the twelve tribes of Israelites which Moses had led out of Eygpt, ten joined in the revolt while two remained loyal to Rehoboam.
Kidnapped The Classic Essay Research Paper A
Kidnapped The Classic Essay, Research Paper A Classic To Be Read A book that I believe every college student should read is Kidnapped, by Robert Stevenson. This novel has a great amount of dialect throughout, well developed characters and is
Greece Government Essay Research Paper Government in
Greece Government Essay, Research Paper Government in Greece Our next stop on our journey through ancient Greece will describe the government of Greece to you. Ask yourself the following questions and read the answers to learn more about how ancient Greece was ruled and who made the laws that you would have followed.
Absalom Son Of David Essay Research Paper
Absalom’s story unfolds in the household of King David. The key members of this household were Absalom, Amnon, and Tamar. Absalom and Amnon were David’s sons and Tamar was David’s daughter.
Jeruselem Essay Research Paper Ariel David What
Jeruselem Essay, Research Paper Ariel, David. What do Jews Beleive. New york: Schocken Books, 1995. 8 Dec. 2000 . World history. D, G -. Torah. Egypt: G-D, 1515. 1 Jan. 1000 . The holy book.
Scholarship Essay Research Paper 7500 scholarshipBy David
Scholarship Essay, Research Paper $7,500 scholarship By David Johnson On September 30, 1999, Charles Johnson won a $7,500 scholarship from the Department of Agriculture at Washington State University for being Central High School’s number one student.
Music Writer Essay Research Paper Music WriterThe
Music Writer Essay, Research Paper Music Writer The job of being a music writer entails many things. As most people believe, they do more then criticize artists work. In an email interview between Steven Ward, and David McGee (a music writer), David tells of how he works for BarnesandNoble as a country music editor.
Unabomber Essay Research Paper In Michael Ventura
Unabomber Essay, Research Paper In Michael Ventura’s essay, “The Ties That Bind”, he explains the dilemma in which David Kaczynski (brother of Ted Kaczynski, the infamous Unabomber) faces. He can either: 1) betray his brother turning him in, 2) do nothing and let society down. Either way he is left feeling extreme guilt.
David And Legend Essay Research Paper The
David And Legend Essay, Research Paper The legend of David and Goliath is a very familiar one to many people. It is an oral legend that has been told from one generation to the next. It has been mostly assumed to be a fictional story. The question is how do we know it is fiction. This is the problem historians have when using the tool of oral bards or legends.
David VS Goliath Essay Research Paper According
David VS Goliath Essay, Research Paper According to the story, David openly trusted in God when he went to fight against Goliath the giant. But the question is, why did he pick up five stones, did he think he would miss?
A Comparison Of Arthur Becomes King And
David And Goliath Essay, Research Paper A Comparison of Arthur Becomes King and David and Goliath Two of the most renowned leaders of all time, King Arthur and King David, have
King David Essay Research Paper The Life
King David Essay, Research Paper The Life of King David In this essay I will be talking about the life of King David. He was a man who went from being a giant slayer, to a king, to a man in exile and, then he went
David Hume Essay Research Paper In reading
David Hume Essay, Research Paper In reading the ideas of David Hume, I have came to believe that he was telling us the miracles don?t exist. They are sort of a ?Mission impossible.? We
Les Miserables 2
Les Miserables & David Copperfield Essay, Research Paper Moshiur Rahman English 11 Writing 2/12/01 David Copperfield & Les Miserables In the novel, David Copperfield by Charles Dickens & Les Miserables by Victor both consists of tragedy and romance.
Gospel Of Matthew Essay Research Paper Response
Gospel Of Matthew Essay, Research Paper Response to Matthew The book of Matthew is written to the Jews. We see this because of the many quotes from the Old Testament. The Jews knew the Old Testament better than anyone of that time, and they should have been looking for the messiah that was promised. The main point that Matthew was trying to make by his book it that, Jesus was the messiah promised to us in the Old Testament.
Romeo And Juliet Tragedy Of A Family
Or A City? Essay, Research Paper Romeo and Juliet: Tragedy of A Family or A City? Is Romeo and Juliet’s death a tragedy of two families or a tragedy of a city? In the following quote, W. H. Auden says, “The tragedy of Romeo and
Son Of Sam Essay Research Paper David
Son Of Sam Essay, Research Paper David Berkowitz in whom he?d like to call himself the ?Son of Sam?. ?Sam? was a 6,000-year-old man inhabiting the body of a neighbor, Sam Carr. David also believed that Sam ordered him to kill. He also believed that Sam Carr?s dog ordered him to kill.
King David And Jesus Essay Research Paper
King David and Jesus are alike in several ways. David was the youngest son of Jesse, a shepherd from Bethlehem. David was “discovered” by Saul when, according to one tradition, he played his harp to sooth Saul’s melancholy. He later went on to slay the giant warrior Goliath, a task which amazed many, since not even trained warriors were able to defeat him.
Angel City Essay Research Paper Angel
Angel City Essay, Research Paper ? Angel City? The most unique, magnificent, and extraordinary city that I would love to visit is the ?City of Angles?. Tucked away in the midst of our atmosphere, lies the beauty of having everlasting life, and dreams that come true. Baby- blue skies, and cotton candy clouds fills this entire city.
The Problems Of Mexico City Essay Research
Paper The Problems of Mexico City The principal problems now facing Mexico City are its overcrowding and overpopulation, its dangerous environment, its dwindling water supply, and its
School Essay Research Paper DAVID One of
School Essay, Research Paper DAVID. One of the greatest heroes of ancient history was David, a poor shepherd boy who killed the giant Goliath. According to the Biblical story of his life, which is told in detail in the Old Testament, David was born about 3,000 years ago.