Management Essay, Research Paper
Management is a process that has existed and been in practice for thousands of years. Over the years there have been many organized activities supervised by people responsible for planning, organizing, leading and controlling these activities. And especially in the last century, management has been subjected to investigation and has become a major field of study.
There were also various contributions to the field of management. A man named Adam Smith published a book called the Wealth of Nations in 1776, which he discussed how organizations and society would benefit economically, from the application of the division of labor. Smith explained that the division of labor increased productivity by improving worker s skill, saving time, and creating laborsaving inventions and machinery. Today, job specialization is very popular and widely utilized in professions such as teaching and medicine.
However, one of the most important influences on management was the Industrial Revolution. This was the period when human labor started to become replaced by machines. The introduction of machine power led to other factors such as mass production, reduced transportation costs, and limited government regulations, which all promoted the development of big organizations. As a result, there was a need for a formal theory to direct managers in controlling their organizations.
The first half of the century was known as a stage of diversity in management. There were four approaches that contributed to the enhancement of management, provided by certain writers. The first, scientific management was concerned with improving the productivity of operative personnel. Second, general administrative theorists, focused on the overall organization and how to make it more effective, third a group of writers and researchers emphasized the human resources or people side of management. Fourth, another group concentrated on developing and applying quantitative models. These four approaches differ because of the distinct backgrounds and interests of the writers.
In 1911, Fredrick Taylor wrote a book called Principles of Scientific Management. Taylor described the theory of scientific management as the use of the scientific method to define the one best way for a job to be done. This book was widely accepted by managers all over the world that Taylor became known as the father of scientific management. Taylor s goal was to create a mental revolution between the workers and management by setting standards for improving production efficiency.
The general administrative theorists were essential for developing more general theories of what managers do and what good management consists of. Their writings established the structure for many of our contemporary ideas on management and organization. Two outstanding general administrative theorists were Henri Fayol and Maz Weber. Fayol stated that management was a common activity practiced in all human tasks whether in business, government, or in the home, based on fourteen principles. Weber created a theory of authority structures and described organizational activity based on authority relations. He also stated an ideal type of organization as a bureaucracy. The group of general administrative theorists together with the scientific management group is referred to as the classical theorist.
The end of the diversity stage was marked by the quantitative approach to the study of management, also referred to as operations research or management science. This approach has been most useful in management decision making, especially to planning and control decisions. With the application of this approach, behavioral problems were more noticeable and most students and managers can relate better to day-to-day problems in organizations.
Today we are thinking in terms of using knowledge to improve productivity in our old businesses how to do the same with less. Tomorrow we will think of competition how to do more in new businesses. The most valuable devices will be those that help business and help people cope with change. Management has to think like a fighter pilot. When things move so fast, the right decision cannot always be made, so management has to learn to adjust, to correct more quickly.
There are distinctive characteristics that a person in a management position must posses to keep him or her effective in a challenging world. There are enormous opportunities due to changes. However, there is no predictability. We live in a very chaotic time because there is so much change, that moves in so many different directions. Therefore, the effective manager has to be able to recognize and run with opportunity, to learn, and constantly refresh the knowledge base.
Другие работы по теме:
Cover Letter Essay Research Paper To whom
Cover Letter Essay, Research Paper To whom it may concern: I am writing to you because I am interest in a Software Engineer position. I heard about your opening through the career department at George Mason University. This position fits with my major, experience, and career interest.
Management Practices Essay Research Paper 1 Managers
Management Practices Essay, Research Paper 1.) Managers must have great personal skills so that they can effectively communicate goals of the manager to his or her workers. Managers must also be great motivators. If workers are motivated to perform at their best and want to do the best job they can, the results of their work will be better.
Time Management Essay Research Paper Time management
Time Management Essay, Research Paper Time management. It can help you put events in perspective, avoid double or overlapped appointments, prioritize your schedule, and keep you on track. It works for school as well as other parts of your life like work and friends/family.
Curbo Company Essay Research Paper Curbo CompanyRecently
Curbo Company Essay, Research Paper Curbo Company Recently, Curbo Company has received a large sum of money from the estate of a former stockholder. Management is undecided about the most profitable means of investing this money. The Accounting Department has worked with the Engineering and Production Departments, and the Market Research Department is evaluating the alternatives available.
Multi Strand Science Essay Research Paper NAME
Multi Strand Science Essay, Research Paper NAME: DUE DATE: YEAR 12 MULTI-STRAND SCIENCE Choose ONE of the following local industries and prepare a resource management case study for that industry.
Chuck Noll Great Coach Essay Research Paper
According to Chuck Noll, the key to a successful professional football team is good management, fairness to team members and team co-operation. Without these three important factors, your team may be doomed from the first time it sets foot on the field.
Glass Ceiling Summary Essay Research Paper Utilitarianism
Glass Ceiling Summary Essay, Research Paper Utilitarianism favors unequal treatment in the work place.CONTROLLING IDEA: Big corporations should be forced into applying affirmative action to equal out the male/female ratio in management positions.
Case Study Essay Research Paper Twill Enterprises
Case Study Essay, Research Paper Twill Enterprises Limited is a successful printing and packaging company based in Toronto, Ontario. Recently the company has been plagued with many problems. One of the main problems that the company faces is its inability to change the management structure in the midst of growth.
Henry Foyal Essay Research Paper Henry Fayol
Henry Foyal Essay, Research Paper Henry Fayol’s Principal of management Fayol was a key figure in the turn-of-the-century Classical School of management theory. He saw a manager’s job as:
Management Questions Essay Research Paper 1 What
Management Questions Essay, Research Paper 1. What are the four functions of management? ? Leading – Motivating others to work toward the goal. ? Controlling – Monitoring and regulating progress toward the goal.
Contrast Essay Research Paper The Perceptual ProcessThe
Contrast Essay, Research Paper The Perceptual Process The perceptual process can be very deceiving to some people, for example, take a deep woods country boy from Arkansas and put him in New York or Los Angeles , everything he may have been taught growing up is flying around in his head fast enough to make him dizzy.
Douglas M Mcgregor Essay Research Paper Douglas
Douglas M. Mcgregor Essay, Research Paper Douglas M. McGregor Mr. McGregor theorizes that management views an employee s motivation toward work in two distinct ways Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers believe the following: (1) The average worker naturally does not like work and will avoid it whenever possible. (2) Managers must always control, motivate, and direct their employees to perform well. (3) Most workers prefer being directed, avoid responsibility, and seek job security.
Describe The Essential Dimensions Of Classical Management
. Essay, Research Paper The essential dimensions of classical management were based on a closed system view of organisation; that is, essential dimensions emphasised on a mechanical structure of control. So the essential dimensions of classical management break down to a set of four rigid and formal guidelines:
IMPROVING DOCUMENT PRODUCTIVITY Essay Research Paper IMPROVING
IMPROVING DOCUMENT PRODUCTIVITY Essay, Research Paper IMPROVING DOCUMENT PRODUCTIVITY My plan for improving my productivity in producing documents is to focus on time management and on work organization. If you can improve both of these factors, my overall productivity will be significantly higher.
Conflict Management Essay Research Paper In the
Conflict Management Essay, Research Paper In the dictionary conflict is defined as a struggle, a battle, even mutual antagonism. Some people seem to thrive on creating conflict while others do their best to avoid conflict.
Social Role Essay Research Paper About Its
Social Role Essay, Research Paper About Its Social Role Waxing eloquent about stakeholder management and corporate social responsibility is in some circles the surest way to stifle a business conversation, if not a business career. Corporate philanthropy brings satisfaction to those who give and receive, the argument goes, but let us not get carried away by talk of give-aways.
Pheasants Forever Essay Research Paper Pheasants Forever
Pheasants Forever Essay, Research Paper Pheasants Forever is a nonprofit conservation organization founded in 1982 in response to the decline of the ring-necked pheasant population. Pheasants Forever is dedicated to the protection and enhancement of pheasant and other wildlife populations in North America through habitat improvement, public awareness, education, and land management benefiting landowners and wildlife alike.
Unmanaged Heart Essay Research Paper Can a
Unmanaged Heart Essay, Research Paper Can a person?s heart be controlled? Do all people go have some form of emotional management or emotional labor in their lives? In the book, The Managed
Functions Of Management Essay Research Paper Functions
Functions Of Management Essay, Research Paper Functions Of Management In today s business world managers follow certain rules that help them be better at their job and also contribute to the success of the business. The functions of management are established to help managers see the business operations with more clarity and understanding.
Classroom Management Essay Research Paper Philosophy Of
Classroom Management Essay, Research Paper Philosophy Of Classroom Management I believe that a good classroom management system is essential for any teacher who wishes to have a productive learning environment in their classroom. It is my goal to have a well managed classroom. I want to establish a productive working environment that allows student involvement and cooperation in all classroom activities.
Effective Business Communication Essay Research Paper Effective
Effective Business Communication Essay, Research Paper Effective business communication is an essential component in today’s commerce. Without it, there can be little if any cohesion among employees, management and consumers. In order to establish this basis of communication within the workplace, employers have to abandon their supervisory egos in exchange for an atmosphere of openness, encouragement and teamwork.
Disaster Recovery Essay Research Paper Windows on
Disaster Recovery Essay, Research Paper Windows on Management – Disaster Recovery in the New Information Age This window talks about some of the benefits of a recovery system for businesses with round the clock electronic commerce. If a disaster happens and these companies don’t have a recovery system, it can cause massive delays and that can lead to loss of business and profits.
Principles Of Management Essay Research Paper Management
Principles Of Management Essay, Research Paper Management is a set of activities directed at an organization’s resources with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. The first function of management is planning and decision making. Planning is setting and organization’s goals and deciding how best to achieve them.
Total Quality Management Essay Research Paper I
Total Quality Management Essay, Research Paper I feel it’s important to learn about the subject of total quality management (TQM) when dealing with operations management. Total Quality Management and continuous improvement put tremendous emphasize on the importance of empowering employees within an organization.
Workers At Risk Essay Research Paper Workers
Workers At Risk Essay, Research Paper Workers at Risk In the book “Workers at Risk” the authors, Dorothy Nelkin and Michael S. Brown, interviewed a number of “working class” people. The authors enticed workers to discuss their major concerns regarding occupational health and safety. Almost all the interviewed workers had some complaints regarding the subject and some seemed quite upset in regards to their complaints.
Accounting In The New Millenium Essay Research
Paper Accounting IndustryThe role of accounting in the future looks good. Based on the articles I read, Management Accounting is going to be the wave of future for accounting. Because of new management techniques, accounting has become more vital to the company as a whole. Some of the new ways of management include total quality management (TQM), just-in-time (JIT) production and purchasing methods and activity-based costing.
Business Rules Essay Research Paper The Rise
Business Rules Essay, Research Paper The Rise Of Big Business The rise of big business came about with railroads, which were the first big businesses. In the early 1850’s there were several major trunk lines, they each controlled about 500 miles of track and employed several hundred to sometimes thousands of workers.
Predators And Ecosystem Management Essay Research Paper
Predators and Ecosystem Management Natural Resources Management 01/29/97 Predators have an everlasting effect on different kinds of ecosystems. They influence there ecosystems by controlling the abundance of lower species