A simple machine is something that reduces the effort needed to do work.
Простейший механизм - это нечтo такое, что сокращает затраты усилия, необходимого для выполнения работы.
Machines come in all shapes and sizes
Механизмы бывают любых форм и размеров,
and can be very basic; a bottle opener,
а могут быть и очень простые: открывалка для бутылок,
a screw, and even your skeleton, work as machines.
винт, и даже ваш скелет, действуют как механизмы.
They magnify the effort that we apply to a task
Они увеличивают воздействие, которое мы применяем для выполнения какой-нибудь задачи,
and enable us to do many things that our muscular strength alone could not manage.
и позволяют нам делать много такого, с чем одна только наша мускульная сила справиться не способна.
The amount of effort saved by using a machine is known as its mechanical advantage.
Величина затраты усилия, которая сохраняется в результате использования машины, называется ее полезным действием.
The greater the mechanical advantage of a machine, the less effort is required relative to the load.
Чем больше полезное действие механизма, тем меньше усилий требуется при выполнении тяжелой работы.
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