GREAT
BRITAIN
The United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland occupies territory of the British Isles which
are situated to the north-west of Europe. They consist of two main
islands: Great Britain and Ireland. England is in the south of the
island of Great Britain, Scotland is in the north and Wales is in the
west. Northern Ireland is situated in the north-eastern part of
Ireland. Its western coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. In the
east the island of Great Britain is washed by the North Sea. The
Irish Sea, the North Channel and the St. George’s Channel
separate Ireland from Great Britain. Great Britain is separated from
France by the English Channel, which is 32 km wide in its narrowest
part. In everyday speech “Great Britain” is used to mean
the UK.
The climate of Britain is usually
described as cool, temperate and humid. As the weather changes with a
wind, and Britain is visited by winds from different parts of the
world, the most characteristic feature of Britain’s weather is
its variability. Summers are not hot and winters are not cold in
Britain. The snow never lies for long on the ground. As a rule there
is no ice on the waters of rivers and lakes. So we may say that the
British climate has 3 main features: it is mild, humid and
changeable. That means that it’s never too hot or too warm.
Weather changes very often.
English
is the official, but not the only language used in the country.
Britain has been many centuries in
the making. The Romans conquered most part
of Britain,
but were unable to subdue the fiercely independent tribes in the West
and in the North. Further waves of invaders followed: Angels, Saxons,
Jutes, Vikings and Normans. All these contributed to the mixture we
call English. For many centuries this country was known simply as
England. It had a strong army and navy. It waged numerous colonial
wars. England, once the “work shop of the world”, was the
first to become a highly industrial country.
There are no big rivers in Great
Britain. The biggest are Severn and Thames. The Severn in England is
the longest river. It is 350 kilometers long. It flows south –
west into the Irish Sea. There are a lot of mountains in Great
Britain, but they are nit high. The highest mountain - Ben Nevis - is
in Scotland. The flora of the British Isles is much varied and the
fauna is similar to that of the north-west of Europe. The country is
not very rich in natural resources but there were suffice for the
Industrial Revolution to start.
London
London
is the capital of the Great Britain.
It was founded by the Romans.
It is very old city. It is two thousand years old. London is only the
capital of the country; it is also a huge port.
London is situated upon both banks
of the Thames. There are 17 bridges across the river. The population
of London is over 8 million people.
London has got three parts
of London, the West End, and the East End. The City of London is the
oldest part of London. You can see narrow streets and pavements
there. There are many offices, films and banks in this part of
London. The City of London is the financial centre of the Great
Britain.
The West End is the centre of London.
There are many sights in the West End. They are many, for example,
the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben. It is interesting that the
clock “Big Ben” came into service in 1859. Big Ben is
biggest clock bell in Britain. It weight 13.5 tons.
The other interesting place is
Westminster Abbey, which was founded in 1050. It is situated in the
centre of London. Many great Englishmen were buried in the Abbey:
Newton, Darvin and others.
The official London residence of the
Queen is Buckingham Palace. It was built in the 18th
century. There are many nice squares in London. Trafalgar Square is
one of them and it is in the centre of West End. One can see a statue
of Lord Nelson in the middle of this square.
There are many museums, libraries and
galleries in London. The Gallery is one of the well – known
galleries in London. Henry Tate was a sugar manufacturer. He was
found of paintings and collected many pictures.
The British Museum is a very
interesting place in London. It was founded in 1753. The library of
this museum has a lot of books.
The East End of London is the
district for the working people. There are many factories, workshops,
docks there. There are many cars and buses in London. There is a tube
(an underground) in London, too. It is a nice one.
One
can say that the City is the money of London, the West End is the
goods of London, the East End is the hands of London.
* * *
Great
Britain is highly industrialized, this was the country in which the
earliest developments of modern industry.
The Great Britain is a parliamentary
monarchy. A parliament is the group of people who
make the laws of their country. British laws are made in the House of
Lords and the House of Commons. The main political parties in Great
Britain are the Conservative, Labour, Liberal and Social –
Democratic Parties.
The largest cities of Great Britain
besides London are: Birmingham, Glasgow,
Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, and Edinburgh. The
most important seaports are: London, Liverpool, Belfast, Glasgow and
Cardiff.
Литература:
Т. Ю. Журкина
«55 устных тем
по английскому
языку»
МИНЕСТЕРСТВО
ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ
ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
МОСКОВСКАЯ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕНАЯ
АКАДЕМИЯ
ПРИБОРОСТРОЕНИЯ
И ИНФОРМАТИКИ
Реферат
по английскому
языку
на
тему:
«Great
Britain»
Выполнил:
Курс:
Специальность:
Группа:
Преподаватель:
г. Сергиев
Посад
2004 г.
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