Introduction
My favorite
subject at school is history, so the history of England is very interesting
for me too. Elizabeth the First and Mary Stuart are very important persons in
the history of England. The struggle of Queen Elizabeth and the Queen of
Scots often is told in literature, theater, and it is very famous. This moment
was very dramatic and made the future of
England.
I have seen a
perfromance about Mary Stuart and Elizabeth the First,and it made me curious in
this part of history of England. It seemed to me the most interesting part in
the English history.
I wanted to
know more about Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, Queen Elizabeth, her rival;
about those times, in which Mary Stuart lived.
I was
interested in: who was Mary Stuart, what was the story of her life, why wasn’t
she the Queen of England, what did she struggle for; why was she executed.
Working with
this materials, I wanted to answer my questions and find new of interesting
facts Mary’s biography.
Mane part
1. The beginning of
Elizabeth’s career
Weary of the
barbarities of Bloody Queen Mary’s reign, the people looked with hope and
gladness to the new Sovereign. The nation seemed to wake up from a horrible
dream.
Queen
Elizabeth was twenty- five years old when she rode through the streets of
London, from the Tower to Westminster Abbey to be
crowned.
She was not
beautiful, but she was well enough, and looked all the better for coming after
the gloomy Mary. She was well educated, clever, but cunning and deceitful, and
inherited much of her father’s violent temper. She began her reign with the
grate advantage of having a very vise and careful minister, Sir. William
Cecil.
2. Mary’s appearens and the
story of the conflict
The one great
trouble of this reign was Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. She was the daughter of
the Queen Regent of Scotland, Mary of Guise. She had been married, when a
mere child to Dauphin, the son and heir of the King of France. The Pope, who
pretended that no one could rightfully wear the crown of England without his
gracious permission, was strongly opposed to Elizabeth, as the Roman Church had
never recognized the marriage of Henry the Eight’s and Ann Boleyn, Elizabeth’s
the First mother. And as Mary Queen of Scots would have inherited the English
crown in right of her birth, supposing the English Parliament not to have
altered the succession, the Pope and most of his followers maintained that Mary
was the rightful Queen of England, and Elizabeth the wrongful Queen. After her marriage to Dauphin Mary
became closely connected with France, and France was jealous of England, so
there was far greater than it would have been without her alliance with the
great power. And after death of her husband’s father Dauphin became Francis the
Second, King of France, and the matter grew very serious. The young royal couple wanted to be
English King and Queen, and the Pope was disposed to help them.
3. Political situation
in Scotland
Now, the
reformed religion, under the guidance of a stern and powerful preacher, named
John Knox, had been making progress in Scotland. It was still a half-savage
country, where there was a great deal of murdering and rioting continually
going on, and the Reformers instead of reforming this evils as they should have
done, went to work in the ferocious old Scottish spirit, laying churches and
chapels waste, pulling down pictures and altars.
The Scottish
reformers secretly represented to Elizabeth that, if the reformed religion
failed in their country , it would be the same in England. Thus, Elizabeth, though she had a
high notion of the rights of Kings and Queens to do anything they liked, sent
an army to Scotland to support the Reformer, who were in arms against their
sovereign. Mary and her young husband renounced their assumed title of King and
Queen of England. But this treaty they never fulfilled.
4. Struggle alone
Soon, the young French
King died, living Mary a young widow. She was then invited by her old Scottish
subjects to return home and reign over them. She wasn’t happy in France after
her husband’s death, so she left for Scotland. It happened in 1561. Elizabeth had been Queen for three
years when Mary Queen of Scots embarked at Calais for her own country. She was
very fond of France, and set on the deck, looking back and weeping «Farewell
France! Farewell France! Is hall never see you again!»
5. Elizabeth obtained her own
way
When Mary came
to Scotland and settled at the palace of Holyrood in Edinburg, she find herself
among strangers and wild customs, very different from the court of France .John
Knox himself often lectured her, violently and angrily, and did much to make
her life unhappy. All this reasons con-firmed her old attachment to the Romish
religion.
Thus, from the
moment of Mary’s coming to England she began to be the center of plots and
miseries. A rise of the Catholics in the north was the next of these, and it
was only checked by many executions and much bloodshed. It was followed by a
great conspiracy of the Pope and some Catholics sovereign of Europe to depose
Elizabeth, place Mary on the throne, and restore the unreformed religion. At
last, one great plot was discovered, and it ended the career of Mary. Her
letters were found. Queen Elizabeth had been warned long ago that in holding
Mary alive, she held the «wolf, who would devour her.» The question was: what
to do with her? The Earl of Leicester wrote a little note, recommending to
poison her. His advice was disregarded, and Mary was brought to trial at
Fotheringey Castle in Northamptonshire, before a tribunal of forty, composed of
both religions. The Queen Elizabeth asked to consider some means of saving
Mary’s life. The Parliament answered: «No». They supposed that all the troubles
would be ended by the death of the Queen of Scots.
Elizabeth
wished one thing more than Mary’s death, and that was to keep of blame of it.
Only on the 1
of February, 1587, the Queen signed the warrant for the execution. So, on the 7
of February, the Earls of Kent and Shrewsbery, with the Sheriff of
Northamptonshire, came with the warrant to Fotheringey, to tell the Queen of
Scots to prepare for death.
6. Tragic struggle
When the
messengers were gone, Mary made a frugal supper, read over her will, went to
bed, slept for some hours, and then passed the reminder of the night saying
prayers.
While the
sentence was being read, Mary sat upon a stool, and, when it was finished, she
again denied her guilt, as she had done before.
Some say, her
head was struck off in two blows, some say in three. When it was held up,
streaming with blood, the real hair beneath the false hair she had long worn
was seen to be as gray as that of a woman of seventy, though she was only in
her 46 years.
Conclusion
So, the life
of Mary Stuart was very tragic and romantic, full of adventures and evils. Her struggle for crown cost her life.
When I was looking for materials, I read books, saw a performance, and now I know more about Mary Stuart Queen of Scots and not
only about her. I know more about Queen Elizabeth, her rival in struggle for
the crown of England.
Mary had full
rights for crown of England, she fought for it, and she failed in this struggle.
This fact is often in literature because it is the first moment in history
when the person of royal blood was executed.
We don’t know
what could be, if Mary Stuart stay alive and became the Queen of England. Of
course, the history would develop in other way. But the reign of Elizabeth
was the glorious one, and is made for ever memorable. Apart from the great
voyages, statesmen and scholars, whom it produced, the names of Francis Bacon,
Spencer, Shakespeare, will be always remembered in the civilized world. It was
good reign for commerce, discovery, and for England in whole.
Contents
Name
Page Introduction 2.
The beginning of Elizabeth’s career 3.
Mary’s appearance and the story of the conflict 3.
Political situation in Scotland 4.
Struggle alone
4.
Elizabeth obtained
her own way 5.
Tragic struggle 6.
Conclusion 7.
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