Civilized society tends to divide into a dominant culture and various subcultures that flourish within the dominant framework. The subcultures show specialized linguistic phenomena, varying widely in form and content, that depend on the nature of the groups and their relation to each other and to the dominant culture. The shock value of slang stems largely from the verbal transfer of the values of a subculture to diametrically opposed values in the dominant culture. Names such as fuzz, pig, fink, bull, and dick for policemen were not created by officers of the law. (The humorous "dickless tracy," however, meaning a policewoman, was coined by male policemen.)
Occupational groups are legion, and while in most respects they identify with the dominant culture, there is just enough social and linguistic hostility to maintain group solidarity. Terms such as scab, strike-breaker, company-man, and goon were highly charged words in the era in which labour began to organize in the United States; they are not used lightly even today, though they have been taken into the standard language.
In addition to occupational and professional groups, there are many other types of subcultures that supply slang. These include sexual deviants, narcotic addicts, ghetto groups, institutional populations, agricultural subsocieties, political organizations, the armed forces, Gypsies, and sports groups of many varieties. Some of the most fruitful sources of slang are the subcultures of professional criminals who have migrated to the New World since the 16th century. Old-time thieves still humorously refer to themselves as FFV--First Families of Virginia.
In criminal subcultures, pressure applied by the dominant culture intensifies the internal forces already at work, and the argot forming there emphasizes the values, attitudes, and techniques of the subculture. Criminal groups seem to evolve about this specialized argot, and both the subculture and its slang expressions proliferate in response to internal and external pressures.
Другие работы по теме:
Alienated Labor By Karl Marx Essay Research
Paper Few philosophers viscerally strike a chord with their readers, regardless of the subject in question. Yet there is something within Marx’s essay, Alienated Labor, that is able to communicate directly to working people laboring even over one-hundred and fifty years subsequent to its publication.
On The Road
– The Role Of Women Essay, Research Paper On the Road, by Jack Kerouac, is an honest story of a friendship, and four trips across America. The narrator is Sal Paradise, an aspiring novelist who lives with his aunt in New Jersey. Sal s best friend is Dean Moriarty. Sal idolizes Dean for his laidback cowboy style, his ease with women, and his all around joy in living.
Bridging The Gap Essay Research Paper Have
Bridging The Gap Essay, Research Paper Have you ever had an argument with your parents or your children that ended in the words, “You don’t understand me at all?” Almost everyone has heard or spoken these words at least once before. Is this a true statement? Is there a language gap between generations? Yes, there is an absolutely amazing difference between the language of “Generation X” and their parents.
How To Hack Gameshark Essay Research Paper
How to Hack Gameshark CodesThis “How To” was created by Jerry Bond, one of the gameshark code creators of this site. There may be more coming soon.1. Choosing the kind of hacker to be:There are three kinds of hackers, those who type in anything and hope for agood code (FreeStyle Hackers), those who modify pre-made codes (PlanedHackers) and those who do both (ComboHackers).
Captain Courageous Essay Research Paper This book
Captain Courageous Essay, Research Paper This book is about a young boy (Harvey Cheyne) who is the son of an American millionaire who owns several railroads, and lumberyards in the pacific states. A northeastern fishing boat rescues him when he falls into the ocean off of another larger boat on his way to Europe to finish his education.
The Tyger Essay Research Paper Rhythm and
The Tyger Essay, Research Paper Rhythm and the Tyger The Tyger is one of the most famous works by William Blake. It is a great poem, which clearly shows the reader the way in which poetic devices and sound and rhythm affect the meaning of a poem. William Blake questions the nature of God, and faith. He asks two important rhetorical questions in the poem.
Michelangelo 2 Essay Research Paper Michelangelo Buonarroti
Michelangelo 2 Essay, Research Paper Michelangelo Buonarroti is arguably one of the most inspired creators in the history of art and the most potent force in the Italian High Renaissance. As a sculptor, architect, painter, and poet, he exerted a tremendous influence on his contemporaries and on subsequent Western art in general.
Michelangelo Buonarroti The Artist Essay Research Paper
“Arguably one of the most inspired creators in the history of art and, with Leonardo da Vinci, the most potent force in the Italian High Renaissance. As a sculptor, architect, painter, and poet, he exerted a tremendous influence on his contemporaries and on subsequent Western art in general.”
Fundamental Factors In Creating A Law Essay
, Research Paper Fundamental Factors To criminilize something, that is to say make it illegal, requires months sometimes, even years of thought. When the lengthy process is underway, the creators of the law must ask themselves two important questions: “Does the action that will be made illegal violate fundamental social values?” and “Is making this action illegal the best way to protect social values?” If the answer in both these cases is a ‘yes’ then the law should be created.
Nihilism Essay Research Paper The word Nihilism
Nihilism Essay, Research Paper The word Nihilism comes from the Latin root for nothing , with more ancient connections withthe word for trifle . Nihilism is the general phenomenon of human values having no power, inthat questions about meaning fail to yield answers that are trustworthy or in the truth, but rather avoid of senseless silence.
Banned Essay Research Paper BannedCensorship is the
Banned Essay, Research Paper Banned Censorship is the supervision and control of the information and ideas that are circulated among the people within society. Censorship refers, in this situation to the examination of books in our school curriculum, for the purpose of altering, or suppressing parts thought to be objectionable, or offensive.
Stomp Essay Research Paper StompStomp originated on
Stomp Essay, Research Paper Stomp Stomp originated on the streets of Brighton, England. The creators, Luke Cresswell and Steve McNicolas were a group of street performers known as ?buskers?, trying to catch people?s attention. Attention is what they got.
The Moonlight Sonata In Resident Evil Essay
, Research Paper “Moonlight” Sonata in Resident Evil The music of Beethoven is still around with us today, even one hundred and seventy-two years after his death. When we think of classical music the name Beethoven comes to mind. movies, television, even video games use Beethoven’s music to exploit the emotions that the music conjures up and connects these feelings to a product, situation, etc.
Banning Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Research Paper
Thesis: The banning of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn from public schools and libraries is unjustified. Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn long after the Civil War during a time when slavery was no longer instituted in the United States. However, the story itself takes place before the War, and the attitudes and actions of Southerners during that period are boldly reflected throughout the novel#.
Huck Fin Why The Censorship Essay Research
Paper Why The Censorship? Racism, slang, graphic ideas; when these things coincide with classic American literature what happens? The best example of this is in a novel written by Mark Twain. The novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been an open dispute on this topic for decades. In some instances it has been called the greatest classic of American literature.
Slanguage Essay Research Paper Slang when used
Slanguage Essay, Research Paper Slang, when used as a noun, refers to nonstandard terms or nonstandard usage of standard terms. Slang provides different symbols from which communication messages can be constructed. Slang is more than a noun though. Slang is a process. This means slang is also a verb. We slang as well as speak slang.
The Catcher In The Rye Holden And
Modern Teenagers Essay, Research Paper The Catcher in the Rye: Holden and Modern Teenagers The characteristics of Holden from the book The Catcher in the Rye by J.D.
Artificial Intelagence Essay Research Paper Artificial IntelligenceArtificial
Artificial Intelagence Essay, Research Paper Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence once something that people thought could only come out of science fiction novels and movies. But today that could all change because of a robot called Cog. Cog is an artificial intelligence that its creators have given a body.
Ebonics Essay Research Paper One of the
Ebonics Essay, Research Paper One of the conflicting issues among African Americans and Caucasians is the issue of ebonics. It s not just an issue facing one race or the other it effects both races
Acronyms Idioms And Slang
– The Evolution Of The Essay, Research Paper Acronyms, Idioms, and Slang: the Evolution of the English Language. Although the English language is only 1500 years old, it has evolvedat an incredible rate: so much so, that, at first glance, the average personin America today would find most Shakespearean literature confusing withoutthe aid of an Old-English dictionary or Cliff’s Notes.
Star Trek Frist Contact Essay Research Paper
Star Trek: First Contact Space! The final frontier, as many Star Trek stories go. This newest Star Trek movie incorporates two story lines. Half the crew fighting their enemy on the star ship Enterprise and the other half on earth. The time they are fighting the Borg is also important since the Borg went back in time to stop the Earthlings from making first contact.
Six barriers to intercultural communication
Intercultural communication carries a number of challenges. Communicating across cultures carries myriad challenges, and scholars have studied the process for decades. Intercultural communications can present complex obstacles that cover the full communication spectrum, but six important oral and nonverbal factors can make a significant difference when communicating with individuals from another culture.
Untitled Essay Research Paper Slang in
Untitled Essay, Research Paper Slang in America For hundreds of years, English has been continuously changing. Words that were unacceptable 300 years ago are now commonplace. English has always had a trademark of
Acronyms Idioms And Slang The Evolution Of
The English Lan Essay, Research Paper Acronyms, Idioms and Slang: the Evolution of the English Language. Although the English language is only 1500 years old, it has evolved
Summary And Responce To
“Black English” Essay, Research Paper Summary and Response Word Count 366 Summary In the essay titled, ?If Black English Isn?t a Language, Then Tell Me, What Is??
Study Of Linguistics Essay Research Paper Language
Study Of Linguistics Essay, Research Paper Language changes with history and time. Our perception of words changes. Everything changes, from cooking with a fire to cooking with a microwave. Some examples of the ways language changes are through accents, books, slang, influential people, and historical events.
Symbols Of Women Essay Research Paper Symbols
Symbols Of Women Essay, Research Paper Symbols of Women There are many symbols placed on women in today’s society. These symbols act as stereotypes that usually degrade women on a daily basis. However, many of these symbols are just a term, and have no meaning behind them. An example of this is the reference of women being referred to as “dogs.”
George Orwell And The English Language Essay
, Research Paper Orwell and the English language George Orwell, the author of ?Politics and the English language? believes in the traditional style of the English language and that there is a definite correlation between language and action. Orwell highly believes that proper English can be cured by never using slang and never using a long word where a short one will do.
British slang
Main ways of the creating slang expressions. Varieties of British slang: rhyming slang; back slang; polari. Slang as the main reason for the development of prescriptive language in an attempt to slow down the rate of change in spoken and written language.