Tradition holds that Charles the Great (Charlemagne) granted a charter to Andorran people in return for fighting against the Moors. Overlordship of the territory passed to the local count of Urgell and eventually to the bishop of the diocese of Urgell. The Bishop then handed over the territory to the Lord of Caboet. The Caboet family married into the family of the French Count of Foix and through this marriage, the Count inherited all of the Spanish lord's land, including Andorra. In the eleventh century a dispute arose between the bishop and his northern neighbour over Andorra.
The conflict was resolved in 1278 by the signing of a paréage, which provided that Andorra's sovereignty be shared between the count of Foix (whose title would ultimately transfer to the French head of state) and the bishop of La Seu d'Urgell, in Catalonia, Spain. This gave the small principality its territory and political form.
Over the years the title passed to the kings of Navarre. After Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV of France, he issued an edict (1607) that established the head of the French state and the Bishop of Urgell as co-princes of Andorra.
In the period 1812–13, the First French Empire annexed Catalonia and divided it in four départements. Andorra was also annexed and made part of the district of Puigcerdà (département of Sègre).
Andorra declared war on Imperial Germany during World War I but did not actually take part in the fighting. It remained in an official state of belligerency until 1957 as it was not included in the Versailles Peace Treaty.
In 1933 France occupied Andorra as a result of social unrest before elections. On July 12, 1934, an adventurer named Boris Skossyreff issued a proclamation in Urgell, declaring himself Boris I, sovereign prince of Andorra, simultaneously declaring war on the bishop of Urgell. He was arrested by Spanish authorities on July 20 and ultimately expelled from Spain. From 1936 to 1940, a French detachment was garrisoned in Andorra to prevent influences of the Spanish Civil War and Franco's Spain. Francoist troops reached the Andorran border in the later stages of the war.
During World War II, Andorra remained neutral and was an important smuggling route between Vichy France and Spain.
Given its relative isolation, Andorra has existed outside the mainstream of European history, with few ties to countries other than France and Spain. In recent times, however, its thriving tourist industry along with developments in transportation and communications have removed the country from its isolation. Its political system was thoroughly modernized in 1993, the year in which it became a member of the United Nations and the Council of Europe.
Другие работы по теме:
Кенез, Питер
Питер Кенез (англ. Peter Kenez) — американский ученый-историк, профессор Калифорнийского университета, специализирующийся на истории России и Восточной Европы.
Международные отношения Андорры
Двойное подчинение Андорры епископу Урхельскому в Испании и графу Фуа, а в дальнейшем — королям и президентам Франции позволяло этой стране постоянно лавировать и сохранять независимость (так, в период Великой Французской революции Париж отказался от феодальных прав на Андорру. Из-за нежелания впасть в подчинение Испании андоррцы просили Наполеона снова принять страну под свой суверенитет).
Парламентские выборы в Андорре 2009
Введение 1 Список партии 2 Результаты 3.1 Официальные сайты партии Список литературы Введение Парламентские выборы в Андорре 2009 года состоялись 26 апреля.[1] Они стали четвёртыми выборами проведёнными по конституции 1993 года. Выборы прошли в конце обычного четырёхлетнего срока, но спустя месяц после сильного давления со стороны соправителя Николя Саркози, который ратовал за изменение законов о банковской тайне.[1]
Королевство Андорра
Короле́вство Андо́рра (кат. Regne de Andorra, исп. Reino de Andorra, фр. Royaume de Andorre) — непризнанное монархическое государство, кратковременно существовавшее на территории современной Андорры с 8 июля по 20 июля 1934 года. Во главе государства стоял русский эмигрант первой волны Борис Михайлович Скосырев, при поддержке андорранцев провозгласивший себя королем
Histories Maladies Essay Research Paper It seems
Histories Maladies Essay, Research Paper It seems these days that our world’s history is becoming more and more misconstrued and misused. Everywhere you look or read about history, someone has made a massive blunder. Facts become fiction and fiction fact. And it’s always done so to someone or some group’s benefit.
Art History Essay Research Paper M
Art History Essay, Research Paper ?M & M ? s? When I entered in the gym, the outside morning quiet, softly blowing breeze stopped and the screams of go Phillips was
American History X Essay Research Paper This
American History X Essay, Research Paper This movie was a very intense movie. The message that it was trying to send was very powerful and it hit me fairly hard. The message that this movie was trying to send to me was that society as a whole does not have the maturity and inteligence to deal with subjects such as racism and hate.
My Past Learning Experience Essay Research Paper
My past learning experience I will present and make comparation between two ways of how I have studied history during my highschool period. First for the time that I studied history in Skopje, and the second time during my senior year which I have finished in United States of America, Oklahoma City.
ROTC Entrence Essay Essay Research Paper entrance
ROTC Entrence Essay Essay, Research Paper entrance essay For almost as long as I cn remember, I have been interested in th military. Influenced by such movies as “Patton”, and by my dad’s interest in military history, my
The Three Most Significant Events In US
. History Essay, Research Paper The Revolution resulting in America was the most significant event in American History. This country would not be here without it. The Revolution led to an establishment of a constitution and a new foundation to start a country. We would still be part of England had we not had the Revolution.
Jeruselem Essay Research Paper Ariel David What
Jeruselem Essay, Research Paper Ariel, David. What do Jews Beleive. New york: Schocken Books, 1995. 8 Dec. 2000 . World history. D, G -. Torah. Egypt: G-D, 1515. 1 Jan. 1000 . The holy book.
The Protestant Reformation Essay Research Paper AP
The Protestant Reformation Essay, Research Paper _______________ AP European History Period 4 The Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation changed the course of European history very strongly, and rapidly. This paper will talk about what exactly the reformation did to Europe, in terms of social, political, and philosophical impacts.
What Is History Essay Research Paper History
What Is History? Essay, Research Paper History is the study of how the world we live in now has been shaped by the events of the past. It is a record of human experiences relative to the society in which we live. Our
Why Students Study History Essay Research Paper
Why Should Students Study Ancient History? Ancient history is an extremely important aspect of our everyday lives. Everything we do today has a relation to ancient history. From the languages that we speak, to the decisions we
Slavery And The American Bigot Essay Research
Paper Slavery and the American Bigot We Americans are interesting people and we have an interesting history. Slavery is part of that history. From time to time we forget just how much of part slavery plays in our history. I was reminded of that once again by the news story on the family reunion of the Thomas Jefferson family.
John Doe Essay Research Paper French Revolution
John Doe Essay, Research Paper French Revolution “Revolutions evolve in definite phases. At first they are moderate in scope, then they become radical to excess and finally they are brought to abrupt conclusions by the emerg…
American History X Essay Research Paper Trond
American History X Essay, Research Paper Trond Haugen A: How the movie American history X has influenced me American history X had a strange effect on me. Usually, movies entertain me as I watch them, but the moment they end, it is over. Everything goes back to the way it is was as I leave the theatre. American history X was not like that.
American History X Essay Research Paper American
American History X Essay, Research Paper American History X American History X is a very controversial movie. It is a movie about a Venice Beach skin head gang called the D.O.C. The gang is run by the master mind of
Flight Essay Research Paper History of Flight
Flight Essay, Research Paper History of Flight The history of flying dates back as early as the fifteenth century. A Renaissance man named Leonardo da Vinci introduced a flying machine known as the ornithopter. Da Vinci proposed the idea of a machine that had bird like flying capabilities. Today no ornithopters exist due to the restrictions of humans, and that the ornithopters just aren t practical.
Defintition Of History Essay Research Paper The
Defintition Of History Essay, Research Paper The statement ? History is nothing more than a collection of the static facts of the past; people who say history changes are terribly misguided? is incorrect. History is more than just static facts when ideas and concepts involved in history are understood and applied in life.
Good Vs Evil Essay Research Paper Good
Good Vs Evil Essay, Research Paper Good vs. evil is an important concept. It is a life long struggle inside of you. In life, you are in a constant limbo between good and evil. One day, you might be in a good mood and the other day you might be in an evil, or bad mood. Before history and even in history, good vs. evil has always been a historic struggle.
A Brief History Of Jazz Essay Research
Paper A Brief History of Jazz The very beginnings of jazz still remains unclear to historians. The dates of its creation range from 1895 to 1917. 1917 was the year that the word jazz seems to have become “mainstream” and the year that the Original Dixieland Jazz Band made what is known as the first recordings of jazz.
Growth In Writing Essay Research Paper Emily
Growth In Writing Essay, Research Paper Emily Gillette DVWR 101.004 Professor Bull September 22,2000 Growth in Writing Writing is one of my favorite things to do. Expressing yourself is so much easier when given time to think about what needs to be said. I would like to believe that I have a very rich writing history.
The Bad Flag Essay Research Paper Some
The Bad Flag Essay, Research Paper Some people think the confederate flag is a symbol of hatred and slavery. Others think it represents the history of America. It’s up to ever person to decide where they stand. The old saying is, “If you don’t stand for something, you’ll fall for anything.” Ever person has a duty to respect the other person’s opinion.
Moving Through Change Essay Research Paper Brandon
Moving Through Change Essay, Research Paper Brandon Spelling May 12, 2000 Essay for Exam III Moving Through Change Common people have been through many changes in history such as technological change, economic change, and political change. Common people define history as a period of change.
Untitled Essay Research Paper The history of
Untitled Essay, Research Paper The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of the world.The history of
Human Rights Essay Research Paper Human RightsThroughout
Human Rights Essay, Research Paper Human Rights Throughout history, people?s human rights have been violated, but efforts have also been made to address the violations, and protect their rights. Human rights are rights as regarded as belonging fundamentally to all persons. Today, everyone is entitled to the same rights.
What Is History Essay Research Paper What
What Is History? Essay, Research Paper What Is History? What is history? Where do I start? And who says it started there? I wasn?t there, does it matter? Can I accept whatever happens in another part of the world into my
British War Essay Research Paper Gregg GiassonUS
British War Essay, Research Paper Gregg Giasson U.S. History Period B !! YOU ARE THERE !! The most important event in U.S. History in my opinion would be Washington s escape from the British Army at New York. This event changed the course of U.S. History because it was the closest the movement for freedom came to being crushed.
The Clash Of The Titans Essay Research
Paper The movie “The Clash of the Titans” was very good because it was a fantasy-adventure based on Greek mythology and Greek history. Perseus, the son of Zeus, must face a variety of awesome challenges in pursuit of his destiny. It is a long and episodic movie with fine elements that focuses its story on ancient mythology.
My Future Profession
The right choice of profession is very important for the future of any young man. Sooner or later everyone has to make this choice. My favourite subjects at school were English, Literature and History. I think my teachers were quite happy with my work that’s why they invited me to participate in contests in different subjects.