In the 17th century rich women normally were taught at home by a
tutor, they were taught subjects like Latin, French, Needlework and they were
also taught how to look pretty and to play the piano and other instruments.
When they became older their parents decided who they were going to
marry and the family of the woman should pay a dowry to the parents of the
husband. A rich woman wouldn't normally get a job, they could just stay at home
and look after the family and tell the servants what to do.
Poor women did not go to school or did not have an education; they
just looked after their home, children and prepared meals or worked in fields.
They didn't get paid much and had to work hard.
In the 19th century rich women were educated at home and learned
pretty much the same as in the 17th century. They were learned to play the
piano, speak French, entertain guests and look attractive. After 1870 it was
made compulsory for all women to have an education. Girls didn't learn the same
subjects as boys. Girls learnt subjects like laundry, cookery, needlework and
housewifery skills.
Rich women did not work, but ran their home with the help of their
servants, after 1870 some women became teachers and others could work as
secretaries or clerks. So, women could work but there was a condition. At that
time any woman had to retire when she got married.
Servants of rich women did all her domestic tasks at home. So all
they needed to do at home was to look good and attractive and boss servants
around.
Poor women had to work as well as bringing up her children, they had
to work in coal mines and factories for long hours earning little money. Until
1870 young children from poor families had to work too.
In the 20th century, when the 1st World War started, women could
leave their underpaid jobs and could get jobs at a factory because all men had
gone off to fight for the war, so women worked in factories, making armours for
the war.
When the war was over, women had to go back to their old jobs and
they didn't earn as much money as they were used to earn. Later a typewriter
was invented and jobs as secretaries became available for women. Some women
became teachers. Women were now aloud to vote and the first female presidents
came. Some women were involved in politics.
Women started to wear different clothes, they do not wear corsets
any more, they wear shorter dresses, even trousers.
To my thinking, the role of women has changed quite a lot. I think
all changes that happened in the 20th century were good, because women became
to be treated more equally and even more due to the processes of emancipation.
Европейские
женщины вчера и сегодня
В
17-м столетии богатым женщинам обычно преподавали дома домашние учителя, им
преподавали такие предметы, как латынь, французский язык, рукоделие, их также
обучали, как хорошо выглядеть, играть на фортепьяно и других музыкальных
инструментах.
Когда
они подрастали, их родители решали, за кого они должны выйти замуж; семья
женщины должна была платить приданое родителям мужа. Богатые женщины обычно не
работали, они могли только оставаться дома и заботиться о семье, указывая
слугам, что делать.
Бедные
женщины не ходили в школу и не имели образования; они только заботились о своем
доме, детях, готовили еду или работали на полях. Им платили мало, а работать
нужно было много.
В
19-м столетии обеспеченные женщины обычно получали образование дома, им
преподавали практически то же самое, что и женщинам семнадцатого столетия. Их
учили играть на фортепьяно, говорить по-французски, привлекательно выглядеть и
развлекать гостей. После 1870 года образование для женщин стало обязательным.
Девочки и мальчики учили разные предметы. Девочки изучали прачечное дело, кулинарию,
рукоделие и навыки домашнего хозяйства и т. д. .
Богатые
женщины не работали, но благодаря помощи своих слуг, управляли домашним
хозяйством. После 1870 года некоторые женщины стали преподавателями, другие
могли работать секретарями или клерками. Так что женщины имели право на работу,
но было одно условие — если женщина выходила замуж, ей приходилось увольняться
с работы.
Слуги
богатых женщин выполняли все обязанности по дому. Так что, все что было нужно
богатым женщинам, это иметь привлекательную внешность и руководить слугами.
Бедные
женщины должны были и работать, и воспитывать своих детей, они были вынуждены
работать на шахтах и фабриках в течение многих часов, при этом они зарабатывали
очень мало. Вплоть до 1870 года маленькие дети из бедных семей также должны
были работать.
В
20-м столетии, когда началась Первая мировая война, женщины могли оставить свои
малооплачиваемые рабочие места и получить работу на фабриках, так как все
мужчины ушли на войну, поэтому на фабриках работали одни женщины, производя
оружие для войны.
Когда
закончилась война, женщины должны были возвратиться на свои старые рабочие
места, где они уже не зарабатывали столько денег, сколько привыкли
зарабатывать. Позже была изобретена пишущая машинка, так что для женщин стала
доступна работа секретаря. Некоторые женщины стали преподавателями. Женщины
теперь имели право голоса, появились первые женщины-президенты. Некоторые
женщины занимаются политикой.
Женщины
начали носить другую одежду, они больше не носят корсеты, они носят короткие
платья, даже брюки.
По-моему,
роль женщин очень сильно изменилась. Я думаю, что все изменения, которые
произошли в 20-м столетии были положительны, потому что женщины стали
рассматриваться как равные мужчинам, чему способствовали процессы эмансипации.
Questions:
1. Where were rich women taught in the 17th century?
2. What subjects did they learn the 17th century?
3. Did poor women go to school that time?
4. What did rich women learn in the 19th century?
5. When did an education become compulsory for all women?
6. What did the invention of typewriter change?
7. Who did all domestic tasks at rich women's home?
8. Where did poor women have to work?
9. Why could women get jobs at a factory when the 1st World War
started?
10. What changes happened in women's life in the 20th century?
11. How has the role of women changed in the 20th century?
Vocabulary:
tutor — домашний учитель, репетитор
needlework — рукоделие
dowry — приданое
education — образование
to look after — присматривать
to educate — образовывать
to entertain — развлекать
attractive
— привлекательный
compulsory
— обязательный
subject
— предмет
laundry
— прачечное дело
cookery
— кулинария
housewifery
skills — навыки домашнего хозяйства
to run (past ran, p.p. run) the home — управлять домашним хозяйством
typewriter
— печатная машинка
to
invent — изобретать
clerk
— клерк, секретарь
to
retire — уходить в отставку, увольняться
domestic — домашний
to bring (past brought, p.p. brought) up — воспитывав растить
coal
mine — угольная шахта
underpaid
job — малооплачиваемая работа
armours
— вооружение
available
— пригодный; достижимый
to
vote — голосовать
female
— женский
widely
— широко
to
represent — представлять
corset
— корсет
to
treat — обращаться, обходиться
to
be due to — благодаря чему-либо, из-за чего-либо
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
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