Кафедра: АСОИиУ
Лабораторная работа
(на английском языке)
Understanding Maya
Maya
Maya is a character animation and visual effects system designed for
the professional animator. Built on a procedural architecture called the
Dependency graph, Maya offers incredible power and flexibility for generating
digital images of animated characters and scenes. As soon as you launch Maya
and begin clicking on the various icons and menus, you begin to get a sense of
the possibilities that lie ahead. This tutorial book is designed to quickly
make those possibilities real by giving you hands-on experience with Maya as
you complete a series of project-focused lessons. This book is designed to
teach you how to work in MayaOs integrated environment. In each project, you
will model, animate, texture map, add visual effects and render. Shown below
are the four projects that you will be animating as you complete this book:
Getting
Started: Bouncing Ball
Project One: Salty the Seal
Project Two:
Space Battle
Project Three: Primitive Man
Understanding Maya
To understand Maya, it helps to understand how Maya works at a
conceptual level. This introduction is designed to give you the story about
Maya. This means that the focus of this introduction will be on how different
Maya concepts are woven together to create an integrated workspace. While this
book teaches you how to model, animate and render in Maya, these concepts are
taught with a particular focus on how MayaOs underlying architecture supports
the creation of animated sequences. You will soon learn how MayaOs architecture
can be explained using a single line. nodes with attributes that are connected.
As you work through this book, the meaning of that statement becomes clearer
and you will learn to appreciate how MayaOs interface lets you focus on the act
of creation, while giving you access to the power inherent in the underlying
architecture.
A typical Maya workspace layout
The user interface
The Maya user interface includes a number of tools, editors and
controls. You can access these using the main menus or using special
context-sensitive marking menus. You can also use shelves to store important
icons or hotkeys to speed up workflow. Maya is designed to let you configure
the user interface as you see fit.
Marking menu
To work with objects, you can enter values using coordinate entry or
you can use more interactive 3D manipulators. Manipulator handles let you edit
your objects with a simple click-drag.
Maya manipulators
MayaOs user interface supports multiple levels of undo and redo and
includes a drag anddrop paradigm for accessing many parts of the workspace.
You will learn how to use the various user interface elements in
Lesson One and the Working in 3D.
In Maya, you will build and animate objects in three dimensions. These
dimensions are defined by the cardinal axes which are labeled as X, Y and Z. These
represent the length (X), height (Y) and depth (Z) of your scene. These axes
are represented by colors.
red for X, green for Y and blue for Z.
The cardinal axes
In Maya, the Y-axis is pointing up which is also referred to as Y-up.
As you position, scale and rotate your objects, these three axes
will serve as your main points of reference. The center of this coordinate
system is called the origin and has a value of 0, 0, 0.
UV coordinate space
As you build surfaces in Maya, they are created with their own
coordinate space that is define by U in one direction and V in another. You can
use these coordinates when you are working with curve on surface objects or
when you are positioning textures on a surface. One corner of the surface acts
as the origin of the system and all coordinates lie directly on the surface. You
can make surfaces live in order to work directly in the UV coordinate space. You
will also encounter U and V attributes when you place textures onto surfaces.
Views
In Maya, you visualize your scenes using view panels that let you
see into the 3D world.
Perspective views let you see your scene as if you were looking at
it with your own eyes or through the lens of a camera.
Orthographic views are parallel to the scene and offer a more
objective view. They focus on two axes at a time and are referred to as the Top,
Side and Front views.
In many cases, you will require several views to help you define the
proper location of your objects. An objectOs position that looks good in the
Top view may not make sense in a Side view. Maya lets you view multiple views
at one time to help coordinate what you see.
Perspective view
Orthographic views
Cameras
To achieve a particular view, you look through a digital camera. An
orthographic camera defines the view using a parallel plane and a direction
while a perspective camera uses an eye point, a look at point and a focal
length.
Orthographic camera
Perspective camera
Perspective and orthographic cameras
Image planes
When you work with cameras, it is possible to place special backdrop
objects called.
Image planes onto the camera. An image plane can be placed onto the
camera so that as the camera moves, the plane stays aligned.
Image
planeCamera
The image plane has several attributes that allow you to track and
scale the image. These attributes can be animated to give the appearance that
the plane is moving.
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