Die wichtigsten Organe des Bundestages sind: das Bundestagsplenum, der Bundestagspräsident, der Ältestenrat, der Vorstand und die Ausschüsse. In den 38 Fachausschüssen (auch ordentliche Ausschüsse) des Bundestages wird die eigentliche Gesetzgebungsarbeit geleistet. Sie bestehen aus 15,21 oder 31 Abgeordneten je nach Bedeutung des Ausschusses. Die Fraktionen entsenden ihre besten Fachleute in die einzemen Ausschüsse nach ihrer Stärke, die den Mehrheitsverhältnissen im Plenum entsprechen soll. Außerordentliche Ausschüsse sind: der Untersuchungsausschuß, der Richterwahlausschuß und der Vermittlungsausschuß. Der Untersuchungsausschuß muß auf Antrag eines Viertels der Abgeordneten vom Bundestag eingesetztwerden, urn z.B. Korruptionsfälle usw. zu untersuchen.
Ausschüsse
Der Bundestag bildet zur Vorbereitung der Plenarentscheidungen Ausschüsse für verschiedene Sachgebiete oder, wie im Falle der Untersuchungsausschüsse, für konkrete Aufgaben. Bestimmte Ausschüsse müssen gebildet werden („obligatorische" Ausschüsse), so der Ausschuß für auswärtige Angelegenheiten und der Verteidigungsausschuß. (Art. 45 GG). Der Verteidigungsausschuß dient auch der parlamentarischen Wehrkontrolle. Die Bildung anderer Ausschüsse steht im Ermessen des Bundestages („fakultative" Ausschüsse). Zu den fakultativen Ausschüssen zahlen die Untersuchungsausschüsse (Art. 44 GG). Ihre Aufgaben können sein: die Beschaffung von Sachinformationen zur Vorbereitung einer Gesetzinitiative des Bundestags, femer Untersuchungen, die der Wahrung des Ansehens des Bundestags dienen, und schließlich Ermittlungen zum Zweck der parlamentarischen Kontrolle gegenüber der Exekutive. Die Untersuchungsausschüsse können keine Urteile fällen, keine Strafen verhangen, auch keinem Abgeordneten das Mandat aberkennen. Sie können nur Sachverhalte feststellen.
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