The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) is an
international organization for security. In its region it is concerned with
early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict
rehabilitation. It has 55 participating states from Europe, the Mediterranean,
the Caucasus, Central Asia and North America.
The decision making bodies of the organization are the Summit, Ministerial Council and Senior Council, with the Permanent Council, under the
leadership of the Chairman-in-Office, who holds the position for one year. For
2005, it was the Slovenian Foreign Minister.
The OSCE headquarters are located in Vienna, Austria. The
Organization also has offices in Copenhagen, Geneva, the Hague, Prague and Warsaw.
The OSCE employs close to 440 persons in its various Institutions.
In the field, the Organization has about 750 international and 2, 370 local
staff.
The OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, is the
oldest OSCE institution, established in 1990. It is based in Warsaw, Poland, and is active throughout the OSCE area in the fields of election observation,
democratic development, human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, and
rule of law.
The organization was established in 1973 as the Conference for
Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE). Talks had been mooted about a
European security grouping since the 1950s but the Cold War prevented any
substantial progress until the talks in Helsinki began in November Д972. These talks were held at the suggestion of the Soviet Union
which wished to use the talks to maintain its control over the communist
countries in Eastern Europe. Western Europe, however, saw these talks as a way
to reduce the tension in the region, furthering economic cooperation and
obtaining humanitarian improvements for the populations of the Communist Bloc.
The CSCE opened in Helsinki on July 3, 1973 with 35 states sending
representatives.
The collapse of Communism required a change of role for the CSCE.
The Paris Charter for a New Europe which was signed on November 21, 1990 marked
the beginning of this change. With the changes capped by the re-naming of the
CSCE to the OSCE on January 1, 1995, accordingly to the results of the
conference held in Budapest, in 1994.
Ukraine was admitted to the organization on
January 30, 1992. On February, 261992 Ukraine signed the Helsinki Final Act and
on June, 16 of the same year the Charter of Paris was signed. So, Ukraine
became the state-member of the OSCE.
ОБСЕ - Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в
Европе
Организация
по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе (ОБСЕ) — это международная
организация для поддержания безопасности. В своем регионе она занимается
предупреждением, предотвращением конфликтов, организацией кризисного штаба и
посткризисной реабилитацией. В организацию входят 55 стран из Европы, Средиземноморья,
Кавказского региона, Центральной Азии и Северной Америки.
Органами
организации, принимающими решения, являются саммит организации, Совет министров,
Главный совет с Постоянным советом под руководством действующего председателя
совета, который председательствует в течение одного года. В 2005 году это был
министр иностранных дел Словении.
Штаб-квартира
ОБСЕ расположена в Вене, Австрия. Организация также имеет свои офисы в
Копенгагене, Женеве, Гааге, Праге и Варшаве.
В
ОБСЕ в различных ее учреждениях работают примерно 440 человек. В общем, в
Организации работают около 750 сотрудников по всему миру и около 2370 человек в
местных представительствах .
Офис
ОБСЕ по поддержке демократических организаций и прав человека является
старейшим учреждением ОБСЕ, основанным в 1990 году. Находится он в Варшаве, Польша,
и принимает активное участие в выборах, поддерживает демократические движения, права
человека, толерантность, выступает против дискриминации в любой форме, за
соблюдение законов на территориях стран — членов организации.
Организация
была основана в 1973 году как Совещание по безопасности и сотрудничеству в
Европе (СБСЕ). С 1950-х годов обсуждались вопросы относительно безопасности в
Европе, но «холодная война» была основным препятствием в достижении значимого
прогресса, однако все изменилось, когда начались переговоры в Хельсинки в
ноябре 1972 года. Эти переговоры проводились по поводу предложения Советского
Союза, который хотел использовать данные переговоры для укрепления своего
влияния (контроля) над коммунистическими странами Восточной Европы. Западная
Европа, тем не менее, увидела в этих переговорах способ уменьшить напряженность
в регионе, развить сотрудничество в экономической сфере, что стало причиной
улучшения гуманитарной обстановки в странах коммунистического блока.
Съезд
СБСЕ, на который 35 государств послали своих представителей, открылся 3 июля
1975 года.
Крах
коммунизма стал причиной изменения роли СБСЕ. Парижская хартия для Новой Европы,
подписанная 21 ноября 1990 года, ознаменовала начало этого изменения. Изменения
продолжились переименованием СБСЕ в ОБСЕ 1 января 1995 года в соответствии с
решениями, принятыми на конференции, прошедшей в Будапеште в 1994 году.
Украина
была принята в организацию 30 января 1992 года. 26 февраля Украина подписала
заключительный акт в Хельсинки, а 16 июня того же года Украина подписала
Парижскую хартию. Таким образом Украина стала государством—членом ОБСЕ.
Questions:
1.
What is the OSCE?
2. When was the OSCE established?
3. What were the purposes of the OSCE creation?
4. How many member states are there in the OSCE?
5. When was Ukraine admitted to the organization?
Vocabulary:
OSCE (the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) — Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе
security
— безопасность; надежность
to
concern — касаться, относиться; описывать, говорить; волноваться, беспокоиться
(about, over)
to
warn — предупреждать; предостерегать; извещать, оповещать
prevention
— предотвращение, предохранение, предупреждение
rehabilitation
— реабилитация, восстановление; оздоровление
the Mediterranean — Средиземноморье
the Caucasus —Кавказ
the
Summit — встреча или совещание глав правительств
Ministerial Council — Совет министров
Senior Council — Высший совет
Permanent Council — Перманентный совет
Chairman-in-Office — председатель
Foreign
Minister — Министр иностранных дел
Headquarter
— штаб-квартира
to
locate — определять место, местонахождение; располагать в определенном месте;
назначать место (для постройки и т. п.); помещать, размещать
Vienna
— г. Вена
Copenhagen
— г. Копенгаген
Geneva — г. Женева
the Hague — г. Гаага
Prague — г. Прага
Warsaw — г. Варшава
to
employ — держать на службе, иметь в штате; употреблять, применять, использовать
(in, on, for)
staff
— штат служащих; служебный персонал; личный состав; кадры; штаты
institution
— общество, организация, учреждение, ведомство
to
establish — основывать, учреждать; устанавливать, выяснять, определять
election
observation — наблюдатели на выборах
development
— развитие, расширение, развертывание, рост; эволюция
tolerance
— терпимость
non-discrimination
— недискриминация, без дискриминации
rule
of law — норма права
CSCE
— Совещание по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Еврое (СБСЕ)
to
moot — ставить вопрос на обсуждение; обсуждать, рассматривать
the
Cold War — «холодная война»
to
prevent — предотвращать, предупреждать; мешать, не допускать; оберегать (from —
от)
substantial
— крепкий, прочный, солидный; действительный, материальный, реальный, реально
существующий
talks
— переговоры
to
wish — желать, хотеть; высказать пожелания; пожелать, желать (кому-л. что-л.);
выражать пожелание, надежду
to
maintain — поддерживать, удерживать, сохранять (в состоянии, которое имеется на
данный момент, особ., в хорошем состоянии); обслуживать; содержать в
исправности; поддерживать, защищать, отстаивать (закон, теорию, мнение и т. п.)
to
reduce — ослаблять, понижать, сокращать, уменьшать
tension
— напряжение, напряженное состояние, напряженность (тж. об интеллектуальной, нервной
деятельности и т. д.); натянутость, неестественность, неловкость (ситуации и т.
п.)
to
further — продвигать; поддерживать, содействовать, способствовать
to
obtain — получать; добывать; приобретать
improvement
— улучшение, усовершенствование; исправление; развитие (on, over, upon)
collapse
— обвал, разрушение; крушение, крах; провал
to
require — приказывать, требовать; нуждаться (в чём-л.); требовать (чего-л.)
to
cap — перекрыть, перещеголять; перейти все границы; хватить лишнего; быть выше
чьего-л. понимания; завершать, вершить; завершаться (часто прямо не
переводится)
accordingly
— соответственно; так, таким образом; следовательно
to
sign — подписывать(ся), ставить подпись
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
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