Jackie Robinson Essay, Research Paper
On August 28, l945, Jackie Robinson met a men by the name of Branch Rickey, who wanted to end, once and for all, discrimination (Allen, l987). Jackie Robinson was the first black baseball player to play in the Major Leagues; he had to struggle through the racial
barrier of black and white to play.
“After leaving the Army Robinson joined the Kansas City Monarchs, a team in one of the Negro Leagues, as a shortstop. He earned $400 a month, a large amount in l945 (Allen, l987). However, life in the Negro Leagues was not very easy. Living conditions
were deplorable. Teams traveled by bus over bumpy roads neglected during the war years. Many hotels and restaurants did not serve blacks, so the black players often had to sleep and eat on the bus (Allen, l987). Talented black ballplayers often toiled for years without attaining the recognition and adulation they deserved. ‘In those days a white ballplayer could look forward to some streak of luck or some reward for hard work to carry him into
prominence or even stardom. What had the black player to hope for?’ Robinson wondered. ‘What was his future?’ for most it was bleak. Robinson often thought, ‘If I left baseball,where could I go, what could I do to earn enough money to help my mother and to marry Rachel?’ Yet his future turned out bright – thanks to Branch Rickey (Allen, l987).”
“Persuaded by Rickey to leave the Kansas City Monarchs after playing for them for only one season, Robinson signed a contract to join the Montreal Royals, the Dodgers top minor league club, in the spring of l946 (Allen, l987). He was to receive a salary of $600 a
month and a signing bonus of $3,500. Robinson kept the news of his signing a secret for almost two months – until Rickey and the Dodgers had taken care of other business matters and were ready to reveal the start of what was to be called baseballs great experiment. Their
revelation resulted in either outrage or jubilation all across America (Allen, l987).
“Everyone, it seemed, had an opinion about how integration would affect the game. Yet one simple question remained. Despite all of the talk about Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier, he had not yet played a single game for the Dodger organization (Allen,
l987). He still had to earn his way onto the major league roster. Spring training in l946 was to provide the first clue as to whether Robinson would succeed with the ‘experiment.’ He reported in February to pre-season camp in Florida, where strict segregation laws were still enforced, and immediately showed that he would handle the situation by saying, ‘I’m going there to play ball, not to live…I’ll be down there strictly as a ballplayer and will act
accordingly’ (Allen, l987). Still, he had to contend with the other ballplayers, coaches and the managers. In the spring of l946, the Dodger organization divided its training camp into two separate groups. The Dodgers trained in one group while the Royals practiced in another. In early March they met for the first time in an exhibition game (Allen, l987).
Robinson did not play very well in the game or in any other of the spring training games. Bothered by a sore arm as well as some unpleasant experiences – racist regulations in the South did not allow him to play in some of the ballparks – he looked as though he would have a very difficult time in integrated big league baseball (Allen, l987). The Montreal Royals opened the l946 International League season on April l8 against the hometown Jersey City Giants. The ballpark was not far from New York City and packed with nearly
30,000 fans. They had not only come to see the return of baseball after the war but to watch Jackie Robinson make his first minor league appearance (Allen, l987).”
“Robinson went four-for-five for the day as the Royals won, l4-l. He scored four runs, drove in three, and stole two bases, all the while exciting the crowd (Allen, 1987). ‘This would have been a big day for any man,’ The New York Times reported, ‘but under the
special circumstances, it was a tremendous feat.’”
“In his first game Jackie Robinson had shown everyone that he could play baseball (Allen, 1987). Outside Canada, fans were much less kind. At a game in Baltimore, Maryland, they yelled racial slurs at him for nine straight innings. In Indianapolis, Indiana,
he was pulled from a game because of a law prohibiting interracial athletics (Allen, 1987). In Syracuse, New York, an opposing player threw a black cat onto the field and hollered to Robinson that it was his cousin. The game was stopped by the umpire so that he could warn
the Syracuse players about their behavior (Allen, 1987).”
“The worst incident happened during the Little World Series, a seven-game series that pitched the Royals, champions of the international league, against the Louisville Colonels, winners of the American Association title (Allen, 1987). Racial tension had been
building in Louisville, Kentucky, before the series started, since the Colonels set quotas on how many black fans could attend home games. Robinson fell into a deep hitting slump and played poorly in the three games in Louisville (Allen, 1987). He said, ‘I had been booed pretty soundly before, but nothing like this. A torrent of mass hatred burst from the stands with virtually every move I made.’ He managed only one in eleven at-bats as the Royals lost
two of the first three games (Allen, 1987).”
“The Montreal fans heard about the abuse Robinson had suffered from the nearly all-white crowds in Louisville and were enraged. When the series returned to Canada, throngs of fans showed up to support Robinson in the remaining games (Allen, 1987). Each
time a Louisville player stepped up to bat, the crowd released a deafening chorus of boos. The fans support helped robinson to break his slump, and he in turn helped the Royals to battle back and win three straight games – and the championship. After the last win the
crowd poured onto the field chanting Robinson’s name. They then hoisted the young ballplayer above their shoulders and paraded him around the field (Allen, 1987).”
“As spring training approached in 1947, Branch Rickey planned Robinson’s move from the Montreal Royals to the Brooklyn Dodgers with great care. The Dodgers refused to accept Robinson – some even signed a petition stating that they would not play baseball if
Robinson were allowed on the team (Allen, 1987). Rickey was outraged and called the instigators of this action into his office, telling them that if they did not tear up the petition, they were off the team. The petition disappeared (Allen, 1987).”
“Robinson batted for the first time in the major leagues on April 15, 1947. He swung hard, lashed the ball sharply to the shortstop, and was thrown out by a half-step at first base. He made three more outs that first day and continued to play poorly through the first week of the season (Allen, 1987).”
“Many fans questioned his talents, and even Robinson began to wonder if he should be playing for the Dodgers. To add to his problems, Robinson soon faced one of his worst moments in his baseball career. It occurred during a three-game series with the Philadelphia Phillies at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn (Allen, 1987). During his first trip to home plate, Robinson was bombarded by racial taunts and insults. ‘I could scarcely believe my ears,’ he
said later. Almost as if it had been synchronized by some master conductor, hate poured forth from the Phillies dugout (Allen, 1987). Robinson felt helpless against such assaults, since a direct response would endanger the great experiment. He wondered, ‘What did the
Phillies want from me? What, indeed, did Mr. Rickey expect from me? I was, after all, a human being. What was I doing there turning the other cheek as though I weren’t a man?’ In his mind he played out a reply. ‘I could throw down my bat, stride over to that Phillies
dugout, grab one of [them]… and smash his teeth in with my despised black fist.’ Instead he breathed deeply and resumed playing (Allen, 1987). The moment was closest, Robinson said, that he came to using physical violence on the ball field. Although he remained silent, his teammates yelled back loudly at the Phillies on Robinson’s behalf (Allen, 1987).”
“After the game the Dodgers told some sports writers about the Phillies terrible conduct. Major newspapers ran editorials condemning Phillies manager Ben Chapman, while Robinson’s control and sportsmanship was great respect. The New York Daily Mirror
reported, ‘Jackie, with admirable restraint, ignored the guttersnipe language coming from the Phillies dugout, thus stamping himself as the only gentleman among those involved in the incident.’”
“Such animosity was not confined to that single incident (Allen, 1987). Richie Ashburn, a Phillies player who joined the club the following year, said, ‘When Jackie played second base, almost every Phillies runner went after him. “We thought it was the thing to
do. I nailed him on a double play one day and learned a valuable lesson. I cut him on his leg with my spikes. As he was lying there on the ground bleeding, I remembered thinking that his blood was the same color as mine. I vowed I would never intentionally try to injure
another ballplayer.’ The episode with Philadelphia served to unite the Dodgers. The players began to accept Robinson as a teammate and as a friend. What Branch Rickey had failed to accomplish with his intricate plans, the Philadelphia Phillies achieved with contemptible
behavior (Allen, 1987).”
“In one of baseball’s darkest moments, Jackie Robinson had become a welcome member of the Brooklyn Dodgers. However, not all ballplayers accepted Robinson’s presence. In may l947, the St. Louis Cardinals secretly conspired to hold a protest strike, voting to boycott a game with the Brooklyn Dodgers. They hoped other teams would follow suit and thereby force Robinson from the major leagues (Allen, l987). A newspaper discovered the plot and printed the story. Ford Frick, the National League president, immediately defended Robinson’s right to play major league baseball. ‘If you do this you will be suspended from the league,’ Frick told the St. Louis ballplayers (Allen, l987). ‘The National League will go down the line with Robinson whatever the consequences.’ It was the leagues strongest statement in defense of Robinson’s right to play baseball.”
“Supported by his teammates and league officials, Robinson gained confidence and soon began playing outstanding baseball. He ripped line drives and made spectacular defensive plays (Allen, l987). Dodger fans marveled at such athletic ability and began to
appreciate his value as a ballplayer. Black fans in particular loved Jackie Robinson. To them, he symbolized a new future. Robinson had cracked the white man’s world (Allen, l987). Now other blacks could follow. Robinson said, ‘In a very real sense, black people
helped make the experiment succeed. Many who came to the ballpark had not seen baseball fans before I began to play in the big leagues.”
“Suppressed and repressed for so many years, they needed a victorious black man as a symbol. It would help them believe in themselves (Allen, l987).” “The Dodgers went on to win the National League pennant that fall with Jackie hitting a .297 batting average, l25 scored runs and leading the league with 29 stolen bases (Allen, l987).” “He was also nominated Rookie of the Year and in l962, elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame (Tygiel, l983).”
Другие работы по теме:
Robinson Crusoe Essay Research Paper Daniel Defoes
Robinson Crusoe Essay, Research Paper Daniel Defoe?s most famous novel was published in 1719 with the full title, The Life and strange and surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe. It is based, in fact, upon the experiences of Alexander Selkirk who had run away to sea in 1704 and requested to be left on an uninhabited island to be rescued five years later.
She Held The Piece Of Paper And
Looked At Me Essay, Research Paper Jackie stared at the piece of paper with trembling hands and then back at me, her eyes danced uncontrollably with joy. Elated, she held onto the letter tenaciously and ran around the room in a frenzied madness. “Grandfather Morgan, is dead!” she proclaimed, her pale arms gesticulated wildly as she re-read short extracts from my grandfather’s lawyer’s letter in her formal tone, which was occasionally punctuated by short bursts of laughter. “He’s dead,” together, we proclaimed again and again in jubilation.
To Kill A Mockingbird
– Lessons Scout Has Learned Essay, Research Paper This essay can be modified and used for self-benefit in any way. In To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel by Harper Lee, Jean Louise “Scout” Finch,
Jackie Robinson 2 Essay Research Paper The
Jackie Robinson 2 Essay, Research Paper The Great One He struck a mighty blow for equality, freedom and the American way of life. Jackie Robinson was a good citizen, a great man, and the true American champion. Ronald Reagon. I don t know if anyone could have summarized his life better. Jackie was a great influence to the American public.
Heroism Essay Research Paper HeroismWhat is a
Heroism Essay, Research Paper Heroism What is a hero? A hero is a person who shows great courage and nobility. A hero may be a parent, an athlete, a politician, a war veteran, or maybe even a teacher. The term hero is probably overused, but the person the term describes probably appreciates it. I m sure people don t think about it often, but if they did they would definitely want to be a hero to someone.
The Mockingbirds In Harper Lee
’s “To Kill A Mockingbird” Essay, Research Paper In this novel Aticus tells Jem and Scout that ?It?s a sin to kill a mockingbird.? This quote sums up the heart of the book. A mockingbird is a harmless creature
Richard Cory Essay Research Paper EssayIn the
Richard Cory Essay, Research Paper Essay In the poem, ?Richard Cory?, Robinson describes the character, Richard Cory, as being wealthy, generous, handsome, and courteous. Regardless of his social status,
The Symbolism Of Religion And Comparison Essay
, Research Paper The Symbolism of Religion and Comparison In comparing the books “Confession of the Jews” and “First Confession”, I have found there to be similarities and differences. For example, “First
To Kill A Mockingbird Thesis Essay Research
Paper TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD THESIS I feel that many characters in To Kill a Mockingbird showed courage. They did not all show the same type of courage, but I will try to explain the courage of Atticus, Scout, and Tom Robinson as I saw it.
Jacky Robinson Essay Research Paper Jackie Robinson
Jacky Robinson Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson (1919-72) Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia., on January 31, 1919 to Jerry and Mallie Robinson. He grew up in Pasadena, California. In high school and at Pasadena Junior College he showed great athletic skill in track, basketball, football, and baseball.
Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe c 16591731
) Essay, Research Paper An adventurous tale, The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, as Defoe titled his novel, is especially loved by children, although there is certainly enough to keep
Robinsin Crusoe Essay Research Paper A book
Robinsin Crusoe Essay, Research Paper A book review of Daniel Defoe’s: Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe is an imaginary story about a merchant-adventure marooned on a desert island off the northern coast of South America. Daniel Defoe wrote this novel in 1719.He based the story partly on the experiences of a Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk, but defoe’s realistic account of Crusoe’s like is much more interesting, and has become one of the most popular books in English.
Symbolism Essay Research Paper In the novel
Symbolism Essay, Research Paper In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, symbolism is the key literary device. Symbolism is when one thing stands for another. It is a sin to kill a mockingbird. This is because mockingbirds do not harm anything, they just sing to you. The mockingbird symbolized both Tom Robinson and Boo Radley.
Jacklie Robinson Essay Research Paper Jackie Robinson
Jacklie Robinson Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson, the first African-American in Baseball, changed the face of sports for ever. Not only was he an outstanding athlete, but with the help of Branch Ricky, they worked for reforms in the sports community. There was work required, though, since many sacrifices were made.
Stepping Up To The Plate Essay Research
Paper JACKIE ROBINSON When Robinson took the field with the Dodgers for the first time on April 12, 1947, America was wallowing in apartheid. A year before Robinson’s breakthrough, Major League Baseball had conducted a secret study of the impact of allowing black athletes to play the national game. It concluded that integrating the teams would not only offend white sensibilities but also lower the standard of play.
Oedipus Essay Research Paper First Confession At
Oedipus Essay, Research Paper First Confession At the beginning of the First Confession I think Jackie was a little rebellious and jealous of Nora. Therefore, he tried to kill her with a bread knife. He also has some animosity towards his grandmother because he wanted to kill her as well. I think Jackie has learned that the way he felt didn t make him a bad person.
1St Confession Essay Research Paper The story
1St Confession Essay, Research Paper The story ?First Confession? is a story about a troubled boy who is tormented by his sister and his grandmother and is forced to go to confession for his first time and he just refuses to go. He plots to kill his grandmother and tries to kill his sister with a butter knife and this is why he is scared to go to confession, because he is scared to be judged.
To Kill A Mockingbird Prejudice In Maycomb
Essay, Research Paper To Kill A Mockingbird: Prejudice in Maycomb Two major people in To Kill A Mockingbird are prejudged; Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. One man is the victim of prejudice; Atticus Finch. These men
The Maycomb Tribune Essay Research Paper The
The Maycomb Tribune Essay, Research Paper The Maycomb Tribune The Trial of Tom Robinson Maycomb was a quite old town. Nothing really happened in maycomb, Alabama until the one incedent where tom robonson was accused of raping Mayella Ewell on November 21, 1931.The trial began on august 21, 1932. Atticus Finch was asked to be the lawyer of Tom Robinson by Judge Taylor and Mr.
Reaction The Jackie Robinson Story Essay Research
Paper Upon viewing the film, ?The Jackie Robinson Story?, one can only ask the question was it really like that? Was Jackie harrassed and tormented by virtually everyone but a select few. This paper will discuss the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of the film, and include ideas based on the whether or not the film accurately portrays Jackie?s life story.
Jackie Robinson Essay Research Paper Jackie RobinsonJackie
Jackie Robinson Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson Jackie Robinson and integration are two phrases that cannot be segregated. Whether he liked it or not, he played the star role in the integration of society during the time that he played Major League Baseball with the Brooklyn Dodgers. His heroic journey that landed him in the Majors shows, how integration has come to baseball and how it can be achieved in every corner of the land (Robinson 16).
Jackie Robinson Essay Research Paper In 1947
Jackie Robinson Essay, Research Paper In 1947 Jackie Robinson was signed by the Brooklyn Dodgers and was the first black to do so. Before that there were separate leagues. Segregation was a big issue and Jackie made it even bigger by calling for it to stop and letting every one have a chance to show their talent.
Baseball Essay Research Paper Robinson Jackiefirst black
Baseball Essay, Research Paper Robinson, Jackie first black baseball player in the U.S. major leagues during the 20th century, an infielder and outfielder for the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League from 1947 through 1956.
Book Review Of Jackie Robinson Essay Research
Paper History of Sports in America Book Review of Jackie Robinson The great American pastime of baseball has had its share of amazing athletes that not only dazzled fans with their play, but revolutionized the sport with their personality, charisma, and courage. Babe Ruth, with his charm as well as his bat, gave baseball a personality, Lou Gehrig, the ?Iron Horse,? gave baseball a tough image, and Joe DiMaggio, with his 56 game hitting streak captivated the entire country.
Jackie Robinson 2 Essay Research Paper On
Jackie Robinson 2 Essay, Research Paper On April 10th 1947 Jackie Robinson made history by becoming the first black player in the baseball modern major leagues. Jackie Robinson paved the way for many blacks, by helping to end to segregation in a segment of society. Branch Rickey chose Jackie to be the first, because of his character.
First Confession Essay Research Paper Mrs Ryan
First Confession Essay, Research Paper Mrs. Ryan and the Priest In Frank O?Connor?s story ?First Confession?, Mrs. Ryan and the priest are different. Mrs. Ryan and the priest approach Jackie differently and have different affects on him.
Injustice Essay Research Paper Injustice Injustice is
Injustice Essay, Research Paper Injustice Injustice is a problem which everyone faces. Nobody likes to suffer from injustice, yet they do it to others. In the novel, ” To Kill A Mockingbird ” written by Harper Lee, there
Jackie Robinson Essay Research Paper Jackie RobinsonBYMark
Jackie Robinson Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson Mark Alvarez For my summer reading I read Jackie Robinson. Before Jackie was born his grandfather was a slave in a Georgia plantation. Jackie was born on January 31, 1919. After six months his father left and his dad left 4 other children for jackie’s mom to support them.
John Johnson Essay Research Paper Jackie RobinsonBreaking
John Johnson Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson Breaking the Color Barrier Jackie Robinson was an American athlete, business executive, and civil rights leader. Born in Cairo, Georgia, to a family of sharecroppers, Jack Roosevelt Robinson attended Pasadena Junior College in California and the University of California at Los Angeles.
Jackie Robinson Breaking The Color Barrier Essay
, Research Paper Jackie Robinson: Breaking the Color Barrier April 15, 1946 was an important event in not only baseball history but also in the history of America. Thousands of baseball fans crowded into Ebbits Field to see one man, the first black ever to play in Major League Baseball, and one man who would eventually put an end to segregation in baseball.
Jackie Robinson Breaking The Color Barrier
Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson: Breaking the Color Barrier It s April 15, 1947 opening day at Ebbets Field, Brooklyn. Many people have turned out to see one man, the first black person to ever play in major
Blacks In Baseball Essay Research Paper Jackie
Blacks In Baseball Essay, Research Paper Jackie Robinson Jackie Robinson was one of the best players that proffesional baseball has ever seen and greatly helped major league baseball accept African American players that otherwise
Jackie RobinsonBreaking The Color Barrier Essay Research
Paper Jackie Robinson was the first baseball player to break Major League Baseball’s color barrier that segregated major league baseball for more than 50 years. On October 23, 1945, Jackie Robinson signed a contract with the Montreal Royals that would eventually bring him to the Brooklyn Dodgers in the spring of 1947.
Blacks In Major League Baseball Essay Research
Paper Blacks in Major League Baseball April 15th will bring the fifty-third anniversary of the first African-American to play in Major League Baseball. Blacks have now been an integral part of the game of baseball for the last fifty-three years and are continuing to find their place within the game. This term paper will discuss the history of blacks in major league baseball, the role that they play now and how the game of baseball brings some form of liberation to the black people.