Children After Inclusion Essay, Research Paper
Motor abilities can be defined as innate and enduring. Motor skills, however, can be learned and developed through repetition. Combining a number of motor abilities develops these motor skills, and with practice these skills become perfected. In children, these skills are unfamiliar at first, but once used in everyday and recreational activities, they become ordinary and effortless. However, some children are born with less developed motor abilities, and some skills never become natural and effortless; these individuals are characterized as physically handicapped. The result of combining these lower-level abilities creates an inferior level of motor skills in physically handicapped children. Therefore these children will never be at quite the same level as those children with normal motor abilities.
For this reason, some handicapped children are not able to participate at the same level of physical activity as their peers. Kasser, Collier, and Solava (1997) address the consequences of this lack of involvement: ?The resultant inactivity negatively affects developing children in many ways, especially their physical health? (p. 50). Kasser, et al. (1997) suggests inclusion as a solution to this issue, and mentions the positive effect that including disabled children in physical education classes has on the children?s value in the eyes of their peers.
In these cases when handicapped students are involved in activity classes, specialists become involved in helping the student improve their motor development. In most of these cases, the physical educator and a physical therapist work together to improve gross motor performance and fitness (Kasser, et al., 1997).
The physical educator helps build upon the child?s social, emotional, and motor development and brings the know-how in the area of effective teaching. On the other hand, the physical therapist focuses on the child?s functional motor skills. The physical therapist also has an understanding of functional and age appropriate sport activities that will motivate the individual to take an active role in improving his or her own motor skills (Kasser, et al., 1997). This will also enhance the handicapped child?s self-esteem, as well as their gross motor skills, when they see that they are participating in the classes along with their peers.
In a study done by Block and Vogler (1995) on including handicapped children in physical education classes, the issue of self-concept and motivation was addressed. This study stated ?self-concept and motor performance were favorably enhanced in inclusive settings for both children with mild and moderate disabilities? (p. 41). Kasser, et al. (1997) also recognizes this, but adds that the rate of learning in handicapped individuals compared to typical students is much lower, and therefore must be considered when establishing the number of skills that are taught in that class or period of time.
As an older sibling of a handicapped child, I have seen the results of what both these articles discuss. Block and Vogler (1995) discuss the concept of having the handicapped child work on a more fundamental skill as the rest of the class participates in the actual sport itself: ??students with varying abilities can all be accommodated in the same physical education setting? (p. 42). My younger sister was often involved in physical education classes with the rest of her peers in high school, and as they played five-on-five basketball (closed movement) she worked on dribbling and catching the ball (open movements).
This is an example of establishing a sport specific motor skill. By combining fundamental movement skills, handicapped students (especially at the middle and high school level) learn sport skills and acquire the benefits associated with acquiring motor skills. There are three main benefits that are tied to these sport specific skills.
The first of these benefits is the idea of motivation. By learning a socially valued and usable skill, handicapped students feel there is more purpose to what they are learning (Kasser, et al., 1997; Block and Vogler, 1995). For example, the educator and therapist could have the student using a computer program that helps them develop reaction time. An alternative would be involving the handicapped individual by teaching them in the gym with the rest of the children, allowing them to improve their reaction time via a specific sport skill. Although both of these examples don?t take the idea of repetition and rehearsal into consideration when calculating and evaluating response time, there is still the component of motivation. The handicapped student is much more likely to want to perform a skill with his or her peers, than using a computer program.
A second benefit to learning sport-specific skills would be that it is an all-purpose play activity that can be used in shared situations (Kasser, et al., 1997). By understanding the basic concepts of a sport, such as dribbling, catching, or throwing, the handicapped student has the ability to become involved in what his or her peers are doing on the playground or out of school. My sister, for example, did not grasp or attain many sport skills in elementary or middle school because she was not included in certain regular physical education classes. Therefore, when there was an opportunity out of school or on the playground to be involved with her peers, she was not included because she was not able to do any of those skills attributed to the activity.
Lastly, a benefit to grasping a sport-specific skill is that it enables the individual to be active throughout their lifetime (Kasser, et al., 1997). Some handicapped individuals may not have the same opportunities for physical activity as they had during their school days. And since these students can only be in the public school environment until the age of 21, there is a large portion of that individual?s lifetime left for the living. If these sport specific skills can be acquired through inclusion in regular physical education classes, then the likelihood of an active and healthy lifestyle later in life is greater than if the handicapped person had very little previous experience and acquisition of specific sport skills.
In many situations, handicapped children are left out of regular physical education classes because of the stigma attached to the population. However, ideas such as lasting fitness, an increased self-concept, and practicing or performing a motor skill in an environment that is moving (and not exceedingly stable and repetitive) can be attained by including the physically handicapped child in a regular physical education class.
Having a sister that has had a lack of opportunity to be introduced to these concepts makes me all the more aware of the differences that lie between the two of us. I see a need for her to develop certain skills and coordinated movements; she a 20 year old woman with the coordination of a 6 year old, and that fact makes me feel even more strongly about the concept of inclusion. Motor skills can be learned through practice and repetition. It is important to provide physically handicapped children the opportunity to practice these movements and acquire them in an environment that is the least restrictive and most natural for them.
Bibliography
References
Block, M.; Vogler, E. (1994) Inclusion in regular physical education: The research base.
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (65). Pp. 40-43.
Kassar, S.; Collier, D.; Solava, D. (1997) Sport skills for students with disabilities: A
collaborative effort. Journal of Physical Education, Research, and Dance (68).
Pp. 50-56.
3a3
Другие работы по теме:
Abortion Abusive Parents Essay Research Paper Abortion
Abortion: Abusive Parents Essay, Research Paper Abortion: Abusive Parents Everyday there are pregnant mothers who abuse drugs and alcohol totally ignoring the living, growing person inside them. Then, when these children are
The Daughters Of The Cross Essay Research
Paper The Founder Of the woman’s congregation was Jeanne Haze in 1833. Religious reasons such as the cross inspired their lives (160 years ago) to serve all those in need, following in the steps of Jesus.
Physically Fit Essay Research Paper Getting Physically
Physically Fit Essay, Research Paper Getting Physically Fit As I flipped through a magazine of Men’s Health, I saw muscular males with abs of steel, muscles that were ready to burst, and attractive females around each arm. This was a common occurrence when I looked through other magazines such as GQ or Men’s Fitness and my mind usually wondered if being physically fit was the way to be.
Writing
– It’s Not Jst For Fun Anymore! Essay, Research Paper Writing…….It’s Not Just For Fun Anymore! I am writing to support the new writing class being discussed for the Junors’
Overcoming Disability Essay Research Paper Many people
Overcoming Disability Essay, Research Paper Many people who are physically challenged have accomplished much. This proves that they are not “handicapped.” Confined to wheelchairs, successful careers have been forged by Bob Sampson and Stephen Hawking. Despite Sampson’s muscular dystrophy, he has earned a law degree and has worked for United Airlines for more than thirty years.
Flowers For Algernon Essay Research Paper Do
Flowers For Algernon Essay, Research Paper Do you remember seeing the mentally handicapped kids walking down the hall at school? What did you do when you saw them? Did you duck in a dark back hallway and try to avoid all contact with them? If you did then you re probably one of Charlie Gordon s friends . Or so he would think.
Mentally And Emotionally Essay Research Paper Treatment
Mentally And Emotionally Essay, Research Paper Treatment of the emotionally and mentally handicapped has changed dramatically over the years. Back in the 1930?s and beyond there were really not that many handicapped (mentally or emotionally) around in the class room. Normally back in the 1930 if there was a child that was born with a disorder mentally or emotionally, those children were shipped off to institution were they would never see there real parents again.
Success Secret A High Emotional IQ Essay
, Research Paper This article keys in on a different type of intelligence called emotional intelligence. Psychologist Daniel Goldman wrote the book titled “Emotional Intelligence” in 1995. Emotional intelligence
Autism Essay Research Paper Autism In
Autism Essay, Research Paper Autism In 1943, Leo Kanner, an American psychiatrist, first coined the word in order to describe the symptoms of a group of children whose common abnormalities of behavior distinguished them from the mentally handicapped children in his care. Autistic children show strange fears.
Babies Growth And Development Essay Research Paper
Growth and Development Babies grow and develop at a very rapid rate during the first year of life. They grow physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. However, through this portfolio, I intend to discuss the physical growth and development patterns of the infant through their first year.
Maturity Levels In Characters Essay Research Paper
Maturity levels increase and decrease in characters in works of literature and also throughout one’s real life. It’s hard for the maturity level of the person to stay the same. Ron Jones’ The Acorn People, The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens and The Loved One by Evelyn Waugh clearly show the degree of maturity in characters in a work of literature.
Specal Ed Observation Essay Research Paper Special
Specal Ed Observation Essay, Research Paper Special Education Visitation For my visitation I went to the public high school in my hometown of Vineland, NJ. Due to time constraints I was not able to visit the school on a weekday when classes were in session. I did however get to witness another part of the special education/inclusion program called the Rooster Buddies.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrom Essay Research Paper Fetal
Fetal Alcohol Syndrom Essay, Research Paper Fetal Alcohol Syndrome In one week 10,000 babies are born in Canada. Twenty are born with Fetal Alcohol syndrome (FAS). One hundred with other alcohol related birth defects. FAS is most often described as the leading cause of mental retardation. FAS is not genetic or inherited and is %100 preventable.
Motor Skills Essay Research Paper The Medieval
Motor Skills Essay, Research Paper The Medieval Holocaust was a terrible event for many people in communities of that time period. This was the greatest epidemic that ever happened. People could not figure out what caused the Plague. They started to look for someone to blame. They finally looked at the Jews and blamed them for poisoning the water.
Gymnastics Essay Research Paper The use of
Gymnastics Essay, Research Paper The use of Motor Skills in Gymnastics Gymnastics involves many movements of the human body. There are varies exercises and performances completed in gymnastics which are performed at different levels of motor skills. This is what allows us to see how children advance in motor skills.
Job Training Essay Research Paper Job TrainingPart
Job Training Essay, Research Paper Job Training Part I: The Importance of Training A new employee in the job of Banquet and Conference Services Manager will need training so that they can be as effective as possible in their job function. Although the new employee will come to the Statler with at least two years of experience in banquets or catering, there are still many skills to be learned or improved upon.
Parent
’s Taking Control Of Their Children’s Education Essay, Research Paper Never before in the United States have parents been so disgruntled about their children’s education. The main
Insurance Adjuster Essay Research Paper Insurance Adjuster
Insurance Adjuster Essay, Research Paper Insurance Adjuster My name is I am writing this report to show my interest in the career of being an insurance adjuster . In this report I am going to state why I feel I am able to do this position. I will include the skills I have and the experience I have. I will also tell about the education I will need to be successful in this career field.
Teenagers And Video Games Essay Research Paper
Teenagers and Video Games Video games are a major source attraction for teenagers. One of the most popular video games is called Dream Cast. Video games should be banned because they are a waste of time and money, and they damage teenagers? social skills.
Computer Repair Essay Research Paper At Ford
Computer Repair Essay, Research Paper At Ford Motor Company, we have a passion for Better Ideas. Whether pushing the limits of technology and design, or bringing people together within a community, we work to approach every challenge with ingenuity and caring. Explore opportunities for doing business with us, visit the Investor Center, or learn more about us.
Child Development Essay Research Paper The stages
Child Development Essay, Research Paper The stages of Cognitive Development from the Piagetian point of view are the Sensorimotor Stage (birth to two years of age), the preoperational stage (2 to 7
Minimum Wage Essay Research Paper Minimum WageMinimum
Minimum Wage Essay, Research Paper Minimum Wage Minimum wage is the least amount of pay that a person receives for the job that he/she performs. The minimum wage in Massachusetts is $5.50. A job that pay s minimum wage offers little or no opportunity for improvement. Majority of the people who work for minimum wage are students, people with little education, or immigrants.
The Rest Of The Story Essay Research
Paper Car magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend both share the same interest in providing the consumer with information on new automobiles. Both Car and Driver and Motor Trend are monthly magazines. They both have professionals that test high performance cars and trucks on comfort, ability, engine, and overall capabilities.
Analysis Of Soft Voice Of The Serpant
Essay, Research Paper Literary Analysis Nate deCorpo Advp R/1 Soft Voice of the Serpent, a short story by Nadine Gordimer tells of the most bizarre relationship which a man, who has lost his leg, has with a wounded locust. When the man who is still trying to accept his own injury, notices that the locust has also been handicapped by the loss of a limb, he feels an instant connection towards the locust.
The Scarlet Ibis Essay Research Paper In
The Scarlet Ibis Essay, Research Paper In the story “The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst a young handicapped by is born with a large head, a small body, and a weak heart. As time goes on, Doodle overcomes many obstacles with the help of his older brother.
Total Quality Management Essay Research Paper I
Total Quality Management Essay, Research Paper I feel it’s important to learn about the subject of total quality management (TQM) when dealing with operations management. Total Quality Management and continuous improvement put tremendous emphasize on the importance of empowering employees within an organization.
Child Development Essay Research Paper Child Development
Child Development Essay, Research Paper Child Development Infants grow at a very rapid rate during the first one and a half years of life. Developing not only physically, but mentally, emotionally, and socially as well, this development has been evident in providing a strong background for further development in life.
Early Childhood Development Essay Research Paper Child
Early Childhood Development Essay, Research Paper Child Observation The child that I chose for my observation is a two-year-old; Caucasian, female named Crystal. While observing her in a private facility, I was able to determine if she is behind, right on target, or even advanced in many areas of development.
Observation Of Early Childhood Essay Research Paper
Observation of the Early Childhood An observation was held in the children”s wing of Tarrant County Junior College. A variety of children between the ages of two to six were observed in activities ranging from physical and motor to social and cognitive development. Specifically I mean that whether it was leadership skills or lack of, running, climbing and jumping, drawing and writing, or anything that could fall between, it has been seen, done and accounted for in the following observation.
General Motors Essay Research Paper
“The company’s main competitors in cars and trucks in the United States and Canada are the Ford Motor Company, DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Toyota Corporation, Nissan Motor Corporation, Ltd., Honda Motor Company, Ltd., Mazda Motor Corporation, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Volkswagen A.G., Hyundai Motor Company, Ltd., Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW), Volvo AB, and Kia Motors Corporation.”(www.gm)
Emotional And Physical Development In Children Essay
, Research Paper Emotional and Physical Development in Children Infants grow at a very rapid rate during the first one and a half years of life. Their development is not only physical, it is also mental, emotionally, and social. These developments are the blue prints for further development in life. During development, there are three basic developmental laws.