General Studies Essay, Research Paper
General studies Pinochet in Piccadilly: Britain and Chile’s Hidden History Andy Beckett 280pp, Faber On October 16, 1998, General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, former dictator of Chile and self-appointed senator for life, was unexpectedly arrested while undergoing medical treatment at a clinic in London. The order for his arrest was issued by a Spanish judge after a long campaign by a Catalan lawyer and former adviser to Salvador Allende, working with Amnesty International, on charges of the murder of several Spanish citizens. The international law that permitted this had its origins in the post-Nuremberg international legal order. The coup that brought Pinochet to power was made in Chile and the United States. Given which, to try to tell this story using as the organising principle of the narrative what the subtitle of this book calls the “hidden history” of Anglo-Chilean relations, could be described as brave, foolhardy or Anglocentric. It could not, though, be described as very illuminating. Isabel Hilton’s most recent book is The Search for the Panchen Lama (Penguin).Andy Beckett is a talented and energetic journalist, but he is defeated by the task he has set himself. He tells some entertaining stories of 19th-century British nitrate barons and 20th-century far-right British conspiracies. All are interesting in their way, but central motors of history they are not. More seriously, the Anglo-Chilean focus of his argument leads him to omit from the narrative several crucial actors. Fidel Castro’s long visit to Chile is unaccountably not mentioned, despite the propaganda use of it made by the US, nor does Henry Kissinger’s determination to overthrow Allende merit a reference. In Beckett’s account of the coup, indeed, the central role of the US barely figures, despite the wealth of material that is available on the subject. For the coup itself, the predominance of the English theme leads us to rely on the testimony of Dick Barbor- Might, an Allende sympathiser who was there at the time and who provides some telling first-hand experience of a frightening but mercifully brief detention in the notorious stadium. But on the day of the coup, Barbor-Might was wisely sheltering in the corridor of his apartment while British-supplied jets bombed the Moneda palace nearby. Barbor-Might makes no claim to inside knowledge of the events that led up to the coup or the development of the plot against Allende. He emerged later that day to offer to participate in the armed resistance. He looked up the address of the Socialist Party and went round to volunteer. They told him to go away. Barbor-Might, I am sure, would not suggest that his shoulders were broad enough to carry the narrative of this complex event, and to make him do so does him little service. During Pinochet’s detention in Britain, there was, of course, a campaign in his favour by the usual suspects on the British right. There is an attempt to draw a parallel between the coup in Chile and the ravings of a small far-right group in the Britain in the 1970s who dreamed of a military coup in the UK. There are connections between this group and Margaret Thatcher through the lunatic fringe of the Conservative Party. Such men were part of the shadow army of far-right propagandists who took up many causes on behalf of the US. Several of the usual suspects figure in this account – men such as Robert Moss and Brian Crozier, both of whom have long been fingered as beneficiaries of CIA largesse and proponents of a Manichean view of the world in which political strife everywhere was reduced to a battle between evil Communist agents and “freedom”. How “hidden” any of this is may be judged by the fact that Crozier covered much of it himself in his autobiography. Did such men approve of Pinochet? Of course they did. They supported Pinochet’s presentation of the Chilean coup as the “first battle of World War 3 – the war against Communism”. The background to this rather partial view of history, though, was not woven in Britain. It lies in the Americas – in the long history of US-sponsored coups against local left-wing politicians in Central and Latin America. The British connection was a sideshow. It is well known that Chile helped Britain during the Falklands war, not least because the enmity between Chile and Argentina was a larger factor in this triangle of relationships than the friendship between Chile and Britain. The Chileans had no doubt that, had Argentina won the Falklands War, she would have renewed her hostilities against Chile. So Chile had a strategic interest in Britain’s victory. It would have been interesting to know how much assistance Chile gave, but this we do not discover. “The details of the collaboration between Britain and Chile that followed and which was probably decisive in the recapture of the islands has remained conveniently vague ever since,” Beckett says. On the subject of an abortive raid by the SAS in 1982 on the airfield at Rio Grande, a military base in Patagonia from which the Argentine navy and airforce were flying their sorties against the British fleet, he writes: “What exactly happened . . . remains as cloudy as the region’s weather.” That there was such a raid is well known: the helicopter was ditched in Chile and a rather embarrassed crew had to be repatriated after giving a less than convincing account of their operations to the international press. But Beckett goes on to suggest that this was a rehearsal for a later, more successful raid that had a decisive effect on the war. The journalist Jon Snow, he writes, was shown a photograph of Rio Grande by an officer in Chilean intelligence who was working with the British. The photograph shows five wrecked aircraft beside the runway. “From June onwards,” Beckett writes, “there were no further confirmed Argentinean attacks involving jets carrying Exocets.” The conclusion we are presumably meant to draw from this pregnant sentence is that, that with Chilean help, the British managed to destroy the Super Etendards that had sunk the Sheffield and the Atlantic Conveyor with such devastating effects on the British military effort. This would be interesting if true. Unfortunately it is not. Whatever the SAS blew up in Rio Grande, it was not the navy’s Super Etendards. In July 1982, I counted them myself, safely tucked away in a hangar on an Argentine naval base. They even had small silhouettes of the Sheffield and the Atlantic Conveyor painted on the outside, crossed out, with the date of their sinking inscribed: trophy badges of a successful mission. The squadron commander told me that the reason the Exocet attacks stopped was quite simple – they had run out of missiles. These details were published in 1982 on the front page of the Sunday Times . Details of the successful British intelligence effort to stop them acquiring any more have since been given considerable publicity.
Другие работы по теме:
Smoking Essay Research Paper Title SmokeCategory otherDescriptionBody
Smoking Essay, Research Paper Title: SmokeCategory: otherDescription:Body of paper: SmokingSmoking is the inhalation and exhalation of the fumes of burning tobacco. The dried leaves of the plant are smoked in a pipe or in cigar form, but mostly in cigarettes. About 50 million Americans currently smoke a total of 570 billion cigarettes each year.
Vonnegut Essay Research Paper After graduating from
Vonnegut Essay, Research Paper After graduating from Shortridge High in 1940 Kurt Vonnegut entered Cornell University. Vonnegut?s father and brother strongly urged him to pursue a degree in biochemistry, and during his studies he found he had no desire for the subject and was rewarded with poor grades.
Eco 2 Essay Research Paper SURVEYOR NEEDEDSurveyor
Eco 2 Essay, Research Paper SURVEYOR NEEDED Surveyor Job Description The Canadian Government is looking for a surveyor. This could be your lucky day. If you are totally identical to what is bellow then we want you. So don’t miss out on this great opportunity. Fill out your Resume today.
General Muhammed ZiaulHaq
– Pakistan History Essay, Research Paper Q. Discuss in detail the Islamization programme of General Muhammed Zia-ul-Haq as the president of Pakistan.A. Islamization Programme of General Muhammed Zia-ul-Haq: – Background: – General Muhammed Zia-ul-Haq proclaimed Martial Law in 1977 and assumed the office of the President of the country.
Historical Fiction Essay Research Paper Textbooks can
Historical Fiction Essay, Research Paper Textbooks can often prove to offer only a limited amount of information. Space and time constraints place the author(s) of these textbooks in a sticky situation. They must get the general concept through without taking up to much space. However, this can sometimes push out relevant material that van help to support the general concept.
Tv Violence Essay Research Paper This essay
Tv Violence Essay, Research Paper This essay is based on the effects of television violence on children. More specifically, it deals with the relationship found between television violence and aggression found in young children. I chose this topic because I found it interesting to learn that many studies have found a connection between television viewing and the behavior of people, especially children.
Smoking Us Bad Essay Research Paper The
Smoking Us Bad Essay, Research Paper The prohibition of smoking has become more and more wide spread in the Unite States today. Due to studies that smoking is related to many illnesses, people have made safe guards to prevent from acquiring them. One of those safe guard is prohibiting smoking in public places.
Promote Malaysia On A Shoestring Budget Essay
, Research Paper It is not an easy task to promote Malaysia to the foreign countries with only a small budget available. However, there is nothing impossible as long as we have the courage to do it. As we all know, Malaysian government as well as private sectors sponsors students to continue their studies to the foreign countries every year.
African American Studies Essay Research Paper Ryan
African American Studies Essay, Research Paper Ryan Bradley3/1/00 As African Americans become equal citizens in America they need to establish their own aims and ideas as people. African Americans must do
Was Milgram Ethical In His Obedience Studies
? Essay, Research Paper Was Milgram Ethical in his Obedience Studies? When trying to determine weather or not Stanley Milgram?s experiment on obedience vs. destructive obedience is ethical you need to know two things: One, determine a set of ethical means that Milgram must follow, in this case they were already laid out.
Clinical Trials Information For Patients Essay Research
Paper Clinical Trials Information for Patients General Description What is a clinical trial? In cancer research, a clinical trial is an organized study conducted in people with cancer to answer specific questions about a new treatment or a new way of using a known treatment. Each study tries to increase medical knowledge and to find new and better ways to help cancer patients.
Education The Student Essay Research Paper Let
Education: The Student Essay, Research Paper Let us define a student to be someone who makes a study of something. Furthermore, allow study to be defined as the active pursuit of knowledge. For instance, someone who studies because they crave the acquisition of a particular knowledge is doing so actively, whereas someone who studies because they are required (i.e. the college student who is attending college solely for the purpose of a degree) is not.
Unleashing Human Potential Essay Research Paper Unleashing
Unleashing Human Potential Essay, Research Paper Unleashing Human Potential The essence of studia humanitatis is akin to that of the Renaissance in general. The beginning of studies in the humane arts was in many ways a new birth of education, thinking and social structure, but it was also a rebirth of the lost enlightenment of antiquity.
Geography Essay Research Paper GeographyGeography is a
Geography Essay, Research Paper Geography Geography is a topic that we have covered in class on several occasions. It has also been a focus of some of our assigned readings. Geography is one of the most important sections of Social Studies. Geography is simply defined as the study of earth and its features.
Critical Issues Relating To Cit Essay Research
Paper Critical issues relating to CIT: experimental studies have have limitations. 1)Theory applies to ‘behaviour’ conducted through choice unintentional behaviour such as ‘clumsiness.’
Students And Athletics Essay Research Paper Students
Students And Athletics Essay, Research Paper Students should be encouraged to play sports whether it be for school or just in their spare time, but I recommend it more for a team. This gives them so much and the lessons learned are unforgettable. It teaches teamwork, hard work, dedication, health concern, responsibility, good sportsmanship and so much more.
Vitamin C Essay Research Paper Over the
Vitamin C Essay, Research Paper Over the past few years, vitamin c has been a topic of controversy. There have been studies stating that vitamin c can help prevent many various health problems including cancer and other life threatening diseases. The major researcher and name associated with this side of the research is Dr.
School Essay Research Paper School Where
School Essay, Research Paper School! Where did they come up with that name? I guess because it rhymes with lame Now this rhyme you read will be quite corny Please don’t get upset, mad, or horny
Ketchup Essay Research Paper October 30 2000Ms
Ketchup Essay, Research Paper October 30, 2000 Ms. Peggy Charen 5335 W. Lake Dr. Memphis, TN 65804 Dear Ms. Charen I received your letter concerning the new Ketchup labels. I can see where you are coming from, but can assure you that is not what is happening in our classrooms.
Intelligence Essay Research Paper Intelligence hereditary
Intelligence Essay, Research Paper Intelligence: hereditary or acquired? Is intelligence determined primary by heredity or by the environment? This issue has aroused intense debates because many believe it has a little bit of both, but to what extent? The ones that believe that believe that every person is born with a fixed amount of intelligence argue that there is little one can do to improve intelligence, so special education programs should not be expected to produce an increase in the children?s IQ.
Environment Friendly Essay Research Paper Environment FriendlyThe
Environment Friendly Essay, Research Paper Environment Friendly The Pacific Whale Foundation (PWF) is a unique environmental organization. It just doesn?t talk about whales and dolphins, it actually studies and protects them first-hand. Their research efforts helped create marine sanctuaries in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States; save dolphins from deadly fishing practices in South America; and establish whalewatching as a replacement for whale killing.
Dvorak Keyboard Essay Research Paper The Dvorak
Dvorak Keyboard Essay, Research Paper The Dvorak keyboard layout has been slow to catch on due to lack of scientifically conclusive evidence that it is superior to the QWERTY sequence. The majority of positive test results seem to come from Dvorak himself, who had a financial and intellectual investment in his patent.
Unions Essay Research Paper Labor Unions
Unions Essay, Research Paper Labor Unions Since the foundation of the American Federation of Labor(AFL) in 1886, most unions in the united States have displayed a pragmatic out look, largely compatible with that of business. The general purpose of unions has been to protect and advance the well being of workers, while that of business has been to promote the interests of stockholders.
General George Meade Essay Research Paper General
General George Meade Essay, Research Paper General Meade Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is, but who was the general? Some people even know that the north won that battle. Most people do not know that General George Meade defeated General Lee at that battle.
George Meade Essay Research Paper Do you
George Meade Essay, Research Paper Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is but who was the general? Some people even know
General Manager Essay Research Paper GENERAL MANAGERThe
General Manager Essay, Research Paper GENERAL MANAGER The career of my dreams is to be a general manager. The general manager is the person who sets polices and directs the operations of business and corporations. They only
Smoking Essay Research Paper Smoking
Smoking Essay, Research Paper Smoking Studies of ex-smokers show that their risk of dying from smoking-related disease decreases with each year of non smoking. Encouraged by such evidence,
Antietam Essay Research Paper The Battle of
Antietam Essay, Research Paper The Battle of Antietam Union Losses – 12,410 Confederate Losses – 10,700 On September 4, 1862 General Robert E. Lee crossed the Potomac into Maryland
Business Studies Essay Research Paper Business Studies
Business Studies Essay, Research Paper Business Studies [ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ] [ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ] ^+What is Business Studies?^+ ^+Business studies is the study of how businesses are set up, financed,organised and controlled, how people are employed, managed and paid, howgoods are developed, produced and sold, how goods and services arepriced and how the local, national and international government help orhinder businesses.^+1 In studying the setting up of a business there are many aspects thatneed to be considered.
Womens Studies Essay Research Paper What is
Womens Studies Essay, Research Paper What is Women s Studies? Women s Studies explores a wide assortment of issues. Since the scope of topics that Women s Studies covers is so broad, it is difficult to come up with a solid definition that fully explains this subject.
Accounting In General Essay Research Paper Accounting
Accounting In General Essay, Research Paper Accounting In General Gone is the old stereotype of an accountant with eyeshade and bifocals, sitting hunched back with a pencil in hand over pages of tiny figures. Accountants today come equipped with calculators, computers, sophisticated management techniques, and more often than not, advanced degrees.