Enzymes Essay, Research Paper
Enzymes are proteins, composed of polypeptide chains and non-protein
groups. Their function is to help with the reactions of many cells and
molecules by serving as catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that allows the
activation energy required for a reaction by forming a temporary association
with the molecules that are reacting. During this process, the catalyst itself is
not permanently altered in the process, and so it can be used over and over
again. Because of catalysts, cells are able to carry out chemical reactions at a
great speed and at comparative low temperatures.
Almost 2,000 different enzymes are now known, each of them capable
of catalyzing a specific chemical reaction. The molecule (s) on which an
enzyme acts is known as its substrate. For example, sucrose is the substrate
for the enzyme sucrase. Enzymes have specific structures that only its
specific substrate will fit into. The polypeptide chains of an enzyme are
folded in such way that they form a grove or pocket on the surface. The
substrate fits in to this grove, which is the site of reactions catalyzed by the
enzyme, or active site. Recent studies of enzyme structure have suggested
that the active site is flexible. The binding between enzymes and substrate
appears to alter the shape of the enzyme. This induces a close fit between the
active site and the substrate. It is also believed that this may put some strain
on the substrate molecule facilitating the reaction.
Another characteristics of enzymes are competitive inhibition and
non-competitive inhibition. Competitive inhibition is the binding of a
competitive molecule to the active site of the enzyme. This prevents the
proper substrate from reacting with the enzyme. In non-competitive
inhibition the binding of a non-competitive inhibitor to another site on the
enzyme induces an allosteric change, or conformational change, that prevents
the active site from binding to the proper substrate. An allosteric change
could be either a negative modulator or a positive effector. There?s also
cooperativity. This is the binding at an active site that makes the others more
reactive. An example to this is hemoglobin. Co-enzymes are also factors of
enzymes. These are heme-groups or prosthetic groups that bind to the
enzymes loosely as part of the reactions, such as vitamins.
Другие работы по теме:
Enzymes Effects On Chemical Reactions Essay Research
Paper How does this Enzyme effect on this Biochemical Reaction? Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to discover the effects that certain enzymes have on chemical reactions. Were studying organic chemistry specifically, cells and proteins. The building blocks for proteins are enzymes and what better way to understand how they work than to watch them catalyze a reaction.
Digestive System Essay Research Paper The digestive
Digestive System Essay, Research Paper The digestive system consists of many different organs that digest food to create energy for the human body. The first stage of digestion begins with the mouth. Food is first taken in through the mouth. The mouth contains different type of teeth, which help break up the food.
Why Proteins Are Important Essay Research Paper
Why Proteins Are Important Proteins are very important to the human body. They provide the body with the nessary means for growth and repair. Proteins are made up of amino acids. Most of the amino acids you need are made in the body except for Essential Amino Acids, which cannot be made in the body and are contained in certain foods.
Proteins Essay Research Paper Proteins are the
Proteins Essay, Research Paper Proteins are the macromolecules of life. Discovered in 1838, proteins are recognized as a large number of superior organic compounds that make up living organisms and are essential to their functioning. The term protein comes from the Greek word ?proteies? or ?primary?.
Genetic Engineering Essay Research Paper Genetic EngineeringGenetic
Genetic Engineering Essay, Research Paper Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating and collecting a known quantity of genes from a known source, opening the recipient DNA at the desired point in the linkage. Then combining the strand of a known sequence of DNA with the recipient DNA of living organisms.
Fuctions And Roles Of Protiens Carbohydr Essay
, Research Paper In this assesment the student will identify the chareracteristics and roles of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in a living system. Write a 4 paragraph report describing the atoms in the compound building blocks, types, structure, and function of each. The student must also describe what they would do if they were given a jar with an unknown substance to find out wether or not it contained any of the substances listed above.
Dna 4 Essay Research Paper The molecule
Dna 4 Essay, Research Paper The molecule responsible for the transformation of characteristics form one generation to the next is called DNA. The genetic material, located in the chromosomes is a combination of acid and histones. DNA is made up of units called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made up of 3 components, a five carbon sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Dna Replication Essay Research Paper DNA replication
Dna Replication Essay, Research Paper DNA replication is a complex cellular function that is necessary in order to sustain life and achieve growth. Many enzymes, proteins, and other molecules work together to ensure that genetic information is replicated efficiently, quickly, and accurately. Without any one of these components, replication would be very limited in its efficacy.
Cancer Essay Research Paper Good morning ladies
Cancer Essay, Research Paper Good morning ladies and gentlemen, my colleagues and I have called you in at such short notice because we need to discuss a patient who was brought to our attention earlier this week. The patient presented with rapidly progressing lymphadenopathy, subsequent examination lymph nodes congested with many small B-lymphocytes.
Enzymes Essay Research Paper Enzymes EssayIntroductionEnzymes are
Enzymes Essay, Research Paper Enzymes Essay Introduction Enzymes are the sparks that start the essential chemical reactions our bodies need to live. They are necessary for digesting food, for stimulating the brain, for providing cellular energy, and for repairing all tissues, organs, and cells.
Enzymes Essay Research Paper Enzymes
Enzymes Essay, Research Paper Enzymes????? ??????????? ??????????? The majority of the reactions that occur in living organisms are enzyme-controlled.
Virii Essay Research Paper Viruses are
Virii Essay, Research Paper Viruses are not truly alive. They are much smaller and less complex than cells. Most viruses multiply exclusively inside living host cells. Viruses
Protien Synthesis Essay Research Paper Proteins are
Protien Synthesis Essay, Research Paper Proteins are some of the most essential compounds on the planet. They perform a variety of tasks ranging from muscle contraction to fighting diseases. Over 50% of the dry weight of organisms are made of proteins; this is because things like your nails and hair are made of proteins.
Bio Essay Of Protein Synthesis Essay Research
Paper Bio Essay of Protein SynthesisThere are three stages are involved in polypeptide chain synthesis. Theyare chain initiation, chain elongation, chain termination. All three stagesrequire enzymes. Initiation and elongation also require energy which isprovided by GTP (a molecule closely related to ATP).In initiation several proteins and GTP take part in the complex processthat initiates polypeptide synthesis.
Enzymes Essay Research Paper An enzyme is
Enzymes Essay, Research Paper An enzyme is a catalyst, which is a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called its substrate. While the enzyme is bound to the substrate, the catalytic action converts the substrate to the product.
Enzyme Report Essay Research Paper Enzyme ActivityAbstractThe
Enzyme Report Essay, Research Paper Enzyme Activity Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to test the effects of different sugar types with pH and temperatures. We are testing to see if there is a difference in reaction and reaction time when placed into different temperature and pH. We are looking for changes in color, solidity, reaction time, etc.
Enzyme Action Testing Catalase Activity Essay Research
Paper Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity Introduction: Enzymes are proteins that serve as catalysts and accelerate chemical reactions in living organisms. Enzymes accomplish this by lowering the energy of activation of the organism it is acting upon, however enzymes will only lower the energy of activation for specific organisms, reducing chaotic chemical reactions.
ER The Golgi Body And Vesicles Essay
, Research Paper E.R., Golgi And Vesicles E.R. And Vesicles Thousands of structures with membranes crowd the eukaryotic cytoplasm, the most numerous being called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a dense network of membranes running through the cytoplasm of every cell and enclosing a network of interconnected tubes (cisternae), which form a connecting channel throughout the cytoplasm.
Animal Cell Essay Research Paper Animal CellThe
Animal Cell Essay, Research Paper Animal CellThe model cell that you are looking at is an animal cell. The model is labeled with all of the typical organelles within a cell membrane. The following words are parts of the cell structure and the different jobs each one performs:Cell Membrane- phospholipid-protein bilayer; separates cell content from the environment.
Apple Cider Essay Research Paper The Young
Apple Cider Essay, Research Paper The Young Students Learning Library defines fermentation as a chemical change caused by many different kinds of bacteria, molds, and yeasts. These different types of fermentation give off certain chemicals. The chemicals found in most are enzymes. An enzyme is a chemical compound that makes the chemical reaction faster.
