Cellular Respiration Essay, Research Paper
Cellular respiration begins with glucose. Glucose is the primary fuel used in glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration. This molecule is found in the gel-like substance called cytoplasm that fills the cell. In glycolysis, glucose undergoes phosphorylation by ATP. The ATP is converted back to ADP. The glucose molecule is rearranged and undergoes a second phosphorylation by ATP. The second ATP is also converted back to ADP. Glucose, a six-carbon molecule, is split into 2 three-carbon molecules of PGAL. As oxidation takes place, NAD picks up a hydrogen atom from each molecule to form 2NADH. Phosphorylation takes place again. For each molecule, 2ADP combine with two phosphates to form a total of 4 ATP, and pyruvic acid molecules are formed. A net gain of 2 ATP have been formed. As the pyruvic acid molecules make their way toward the mitochondria, two more molecules of NADH are formed. A carbon atom also breaks off and combines with two oxygen atoms to produce the waste product carbon dioxide. As a result of these reactions, each pyruvic acid molecule is transformed into a two-carbon compound called an acetyl group. The two acetyl groups combine with a molecule of coenzyme A each to form two acetyl coenzyme A molecules. These molecules are processed in a complex pathway called the Krebs cycle. As the Krebs cycle progresses through both pyruvic acid molecules, six molecules of NADH, two molecules of ATP, and additional carbon dioxide are all formed. FAD picks up a hydrogen atom from each pyruvic acid molecule, and a total of 2 FAD2 are formed. NADH and FAD2 transport their hydrogen atoms and electrons to the electron transport chain. The electrons are passed down the chain of attracting molecules until they reach oxygen. Joined with hydrogen, they combine with the oxygen to form water. As the electrons flow down the electron chain, they release energy that is used to make more ATP. Eight of the ten NADH form three ATP each, while the other two form two ATP. Each of the FADH2 form two ATP. The number of ATP produced here in the electron transport chain is 32. The total number of ATP is 38, but the use of two ATP in glycolysis gives a net gain of 36 ATP.
Другие работы по теме:
Biology Test Cells Essay Research Paper My
Biology Test: Cells Essay, Research Paper My brother was studying for his biology test. The next morning he was telling me about the dream he had. He said he traveled through a cell. I started to call him insane. My brother have an educational dream? I thought to myself, impossible.
Mitochondria Essay Research Paper Mitochondria
Mitochondria Essay, Research Paper Mitochondria Mitochondria are responsible for energy production. They are also the responsible location for which respiration takes place. Mitochondria contain
Mitochondria Essay Research Paper Mitochondria are the
Mitochondria Essay, Research Paper Mitochondria are the cells power sources of the cell. They are distinct organelles with two membranes. Usually they are rod-shaped, however they can be round. The mitochondria are organelles enclosed in a double membrane of phosphoglycerides. Between the two membranes of the mitochondrion lies a region known as the intermediate space.
Fungi Essay Research Paper
Pathogenic bacteria are uncommon in humans · True cells · Feed by extra-cellular digestion · Reproduce asexually by spore production · Consist of fruiting bodies and fine threads called
Mitochondria 2 Essay Research Paper MitochondriaMitochondria are
Mitochondria 2 Essay, Research Paper Mitochondria Mitochondria are tiny organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. They are rather large organelles ranging from 0.5+m to 10+m in length and 1+m in diameter. The mitochondria are the energy factories of the cell and are located in the cytoplasm. They are the sites of cellular respiration.
Cell Mitosis Essay Research Paper The life
Cell Mitosis Essay, Research Paper The life Process of a cell In my report you will learn about the life process of a cell based on the two main functions, metabolism and mitosis. You will learn about the four stages of metabolism: ingestion, digestion, respiration, and excretion, and how the cell completes them.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Essay Research Paper Ch 1
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Essay, Research Paper Ch. 1 introduction: sustainability, stewardship, sound science A. The global environmental picture – population growth, degradation of soils, global atmospheric changes, loss of biodiversity
Mitosis And Meiosis Essay Research Paper Mitosis
Mitosis And Meiosis Essay, Research Paper Mitosis and Meiosis : how they are similar and different Mitosis and Meiosis are alike in many ways essentially they are both forms of cellular reproduction. Both go through similar cellular division stages. Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis all occur in both Mitosis and Meiosis.
Cellular Respiration Lab Essay Research Paper IntroductionThis
Cellular Respiration Lab Essay, Research Paper Introduction This lab was done to determine the relationship of gas production to respiration rate. Justin Pyka and I did the lab on December 12th, 2000 in Mr. Myers’ room. The lab was done with dormant pea seeds and germinating pea seeds. It was done to test the effect of temperature on the rate of cellular respiration in ungerminated versus germinating seeds.
Cell Phones Why Teenageres Should Own One
Essay, Research Paper English Essay Honors English Pd. D October 12, 2000 When cellular phones and pagers first hit the market in the early ’80s, customers were mainly businesses. Now, families are the fastest-growing segment of wireless customers, according to Cellular One?s homepage. Springing from this trend is the booming teenage market.
Bacteria 2 Essay Research Paper Describe the
Bacteria 2 Essay, Research Paper Describe the structure and life processes of bacteria. Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids.
Mobile PhonesInternet Essay Research Paper MobileCell PhonesMobile
Mobile Phones/Internet Essay, Research Paper Mobile/Cell Phones Mobile phones have changed the way the world communicates. With the invention of the cellular phone service in 1983, personal telephones no longer depended on wires. In the 90’s it was now possible to connect to the Internet from virtually anywhere in the world from your cellular phone using satellite services.
Cellular Life Essay Research Paper In this
Cellular Life Essay, Research Paper In this paper I will show my knowledge of many different topics of Cellular Life. I will explain the theory of biogenesis, cell theory, the history of both and how they tie in together. I will also state the scientific method and why it is important to science.
Spoon River Essay Research Paper Spoon River
Spoon River Essay, Research Paper Spoon River Thomas Rhodes talks about how the people in Spoon River could have prevented their hard times. He compared people in Spoon River to navigators and sailors because they found with all their boasted wisdom how hard at the last it is to keep the soul from splitting into cellular atoms.
Do Cell Phones Cause More Vehi Essay
, Research Paper Do Cell Phones Cause More Vehicle Accidents? The cellular phone, while not being directly related to automotive travel, has become one of the most popular and life-threatening innovations. The number of cellular phone users has grown to one hundred million in the United States. There are two categories of cell-phone purposes.
Mobile Alerts Essay Research Paper Mobile Alerts
Mobile Alerts Essay, Research Paper Mobile Alerts – Concept Paper. What is Mobile Alert? Mobile Alert is the text message (SMS) sent to a mobile phone as a result of occurrence of an event for which the mobile user has registered the request for getting the notification.
Touch Tone Phone Essay Research Paper touch
Touch Tone Phone Essay, Research Paper touch tone phone During the 1960?s the invention of the touch-tone telephone influences the way we in the 1990?s think about accomplishments. Before the touch ? tone telephone there were rotary dial phones. With Kappel as boss of AT&T new customer equipment came about.
Driving With A Cell Phone Essay Research
Paper Many people don?t know the severity of talking on a cellular phone while driving down a road full of traffic. There are so many men and women that come across people?s path while driving, who
Cellular Phone Tracking Essay Research Paper On
Cellular Phone Tracking Essay, Research Paper On April 9th of last year, Ellen Kirk from San Jose, California had a tragic car accident, slamming her into tree. Bleeding profusely, she reached into here purse, grabbed her cell phone, and called 911 and tried to give her location as best as possible. She waited, and waited, and waited.
Cell Phone Phreaking Essay Research Paper Cellular
Cell Phone Phreaking Essay, Research Paper Cellular Phreaking The cellular/mobile phone system is one that is perfectly set up to be exploited by phreaks with the proper knowledge and equipment. Thanks to deregulation, the regional BOC’s (Bell Operating Companies) are scattered and do not communicate much with each other.
Cellular Metabolism And Fermentation Essay Research Paper
CELLULAR METABOLISM AND FERMENTATION Glycolysis, the Universal Process | Anaerobic Pathways | Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis, the Universal Process | Nine reactions, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme, makeup the process we call glycolysis. ALL organisms have glycolysis occurring in their cytoplasm.
Fermentation Essay Research Paper Fermentation is the
Fermentation Essay, Research Paper Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid without the use ofoxygen. Some scientists refer to the combined processes of glycolysisand fermentation as anaerobic respiration. The metabolism of pyruvicacid during fermentation does not produce any ATP. The function offermentation is to break down pyruvic acid and regenerate NAD forreuse in glycosis, where ATP is formed.
Cell Phones And Driving Essay Research Paper
Cellular telephones are fast becoming an important factor in highway safety. ?Cellular phones are becoming increasingly universal, marked by a 1,685 percent increase in the number of users from 1988 to 1995.?(CTIA page 1 of 3) There are many studies currently being made looking into the risks involved with driving vehicles and talking on cellular phones.
Cellular Phones Essay Research Paper Every creature
Cellular Phones Essay, Research Paper Every creature in the world needs to communicate with another creature from its kind. The insects, for example, have antennas to speak or to understand each other. The dogs, also, have a strong ability of smelling and they realize each other by smelling. For human beings, the communication has different meaning.
Cancer From Cell Phones Essay Research Paper
Do cellular phones cause cancer? As I walk through the doors at Circuit City I look around at all the customers shopping throughout the store and wonder which one will ask the question first. I sell cellular phones, and many customers are concerned with getting cancer from the phones. In recent years, many scientists have conducted tests, which show that cell phones can cause cancer over a period of time.
CELLULAR PHONES Essay Research Paper CELLULAR PHONESEach
CELLULAR PHONES Essay, Research Paper CELLULAR PHONES Each day something like 30,000 people in the United States sign up for and start using a cellular phone. With a cell phone you can talk to anyone on the planet from just about anywhere (80% of the U.S. has coverage). A cell phone is really an extremely sophisticated radio.
Electron Transport Essay Research Paper Electron Transport
Electron Transport Essay, Research Paper Electron Transport Essay Electron transport is the last phase and most important phase of cell respiration. It accounts for most of the ATP made in cell respiration. Cell respiration makes a total of thirty eight ATP?s, two from Glycolysis, two from the Krebs cycle and thirty four from electron transports.
Cellular Phones Essay Research Paper While the
Cellular Phones Essay, Research Paper While the benefits to society are significant, cellular phones and other forms of wireless communication also create distractions that increase a driver’s risk on the road. The rising popularity of cellular phones and the development of on-board navigation systems heighten the concern about driver distraction; and radiation produced from cellular antennas and the effect it has on human health has been brought to our attention.