Marketing 2 Essay, Research Paper
The term Privatization is often loosely used to mean a number of related activities, including any expansion of the scope of
private sector activity in an economy and the adoption by the public sector of efficiency enhancing techniques commonly
employed by the private sector. While acknowledging that no definition of privatization is water tight, we will define
privatization, for the purpose of this paper, as the transfer of productive asset ownership and control from the public to the
private sector.1 The transfer of assets can be total, partial or functionary, with the sale being implemented by methods such as
private sales, leasing arrangements, employee buy outs and share issues. In Africa, many governments have embraced the idea
of privatization, brought to the fore mainly as a part of the adjustment and stabilization programs of the mid-eighties and the
nineties. Privatization now frequently features in government policy statements and in conditionalities from donors. The past
decade has also seen the World Bank and other donors get increasingly involved in lending operations towards parastatal
sector reforms that included privatization components.
African countries share a number of common features in relation to the drive towards privatization. For most of these countries,
the first twenty years of independence were characterized by rapid growth, driven by favorable terms of trade and high levels of
public investments in infrastructure and services. The development of import substituting industries brought in the dramatic rise
of parastatal corporations, which were also used as vehicles for increased local participation in the economies. Many
governments moved to nationalize existing foreign interests in their countries and also to create new state enterprises to carry
out the various production and trading functions. Parastatal corporations rapidly dominated the extractive industries,
manufacturing and financial sectors of their economies, and acquired important economic and political status, becoming major
sources of employment. The moderate growth experienced in the seventies, however, was quickly reversed by the financial
crisis of the early eighties, and associated inefficiencies made parastatal sector reform a major element in the reform efforts
implemented by the countries.
Zambia was one of the earlier countries to embark on a major privatization exercise as part of its economic reform program
started in 1992. Although progress was initially slow, mainly due to the inertia associated with start up activities and generally
opposition from interested parties2, the program picked up momentum in the last two years, culminating in the rapid divestiture
of public enterprises that many have compared only to privatization programs in eastern Europe. This paper reviews the
privatization program in Zambia, highlighting the major tools and mechanisms employed, and the achievements and constraints
faced by the authorities in privatizing one of the largest public sectors in Africa. The paper begins with a brief overview of the
main economic issues surrounding moves towards privatization of public enterprises.
Другие работы по теме:
Goals Essay Research Paper A goal is
Goals Essay, Research Paper A goal is an achievement you want to accomplish. Many people have goals for certain reasons. There are many different kinds of goals such as short-term and long-term. Having goals are very important to some people because it gives them a sense of self-confidence.
Human Memory Orginization Essay Research Paper Chris
Human Memory Orginization Essay, Research Paper Chris Robinson Frontiers of Science Memory Essay Human Memory Organization Human memory organization, from the outside, seems to be quite a difficult thing to analyze, and even more difficult to explain in black and white. This is because of one main reason, no two humans are the same, and from this it follows that no two brains are the same.
BioTechnology Essay Research Paper The shortterm future
Bio-Technology Essay, Research Paper The short-term future of biotechnology in production agriculture looks bleak. The unattractive truth is that economics, not science can play a larger role in the future of biotechnology.
Bucky Ball Essay Research Paper There are
Bucky Ball Essay, Research Paper There are many bucky balls in the world . Possible Reasons You are not authorized to access the section you are trying to gain entry to. The permissions are not set correctly on that file/directory. Directory browsing may be turned off for that directory. You mistyped your password. [an error occurred while processing this directive] This page hosted by Hypermart, the world’s fasty if this renovation of the site has caused you any discomfort, but in the end, we hope that it will serve better.
Commercialization Essay Research Paper Of the eight
Commercialization Essay, Research Paper Of the eight stages involved in the new-product development process, commercialization is where the rubber meets the road. A complete market strategy for commercializing a new product must consider when, where, how, and to whom the product will be introduced.
Human Memory Organisation Essay Research Paper Human
Human Memory Organisation Essay, Research Paper Human memory organisation. Human memory organisation, from the outside, seems to be quite a difficult thing to analyse,and even more difficult to explain in black and white. This is because of one main reason,no two humans are the same, and from this it follows that no two brains are the same.
Long Term Analysis Essay Research Paper Analysis
Long Term Analysis Essay, Research Paper Analysis by a Long Term Creditor The interest a long term creditor is currently receiving is 5.6%. A long term creditor could receive as much as 22.7% working somewhere else in the same industry. So, currently the industrial average is giving 17.1% more interest than workingat Cameco Corporation, which is quite a big difference.
Marketing Essay Research Paper FOREWORDThe first time
Marketing Essay, Research Paper FOREWORD The first time I visited an IKEA-store was in Elisabeth, New Yersey, The U.S. The year was 1995 and I still rember the joy and excitement when I entered the building. It was huge and it
Density Of Urine Essay Research Paper The
Density Of Urine Essay, Research Paper The term ‘density’ refers to the proportion of an object’s mass to it’s volume (Grasse, 1996). The ratio between the density of a substance and the density of water is called specific gravity and is used in many diagnostic tests. ONe example is the specific gravity of urine which is normally determined as part of a laboratory evaluation of the health of an individual.
SLEEP Essay Research Paper Are Allnighters Really
SLEEP Essay, Research Paper Are All-nighters Really Worth It? This article basically talks about the importance of sleep, specifically REM sleep, to transfer short-term memory to long-term memory. Researchers at Harvard University suggest that getting good sleep is necessary to convert short-term memory into long term memory.
Environmental Scanning Essay Research Paper This paper
Environmental Scanning Essay, Research Paper This paper will discuss environmental scanning, marketing procedures, and describe how the environment affects marketing in relation to the automobile detailing business.
Silicones Unlimited Essay Research Paper SILICONES UNLIMITED
Silicones Unlimited Essay, Research Paper SILICONES UNLIMITED, INC. Silicones Unlimited was founded in 1989 by Roger Knost and John Williams. The mission statement of SU then and now is To identify, sell, service, and build long term relationships, through partnering efforts with OEM manufacturers in the Electrical / Electronics market niche by meeting or exceeding their expectations and requirements.
Basic Marketing Essay Research Paper MarketingAccording to
Basic Marketing Essay, Research Paper Marketing According to the American Heritage Dictionary, marketing defined is the act or process of buying and selling in a market, but what are some of the strategies that successful corporations use to gain an advantage over their competition? Successful companies invest up front to develop an advertising and promotions plan, which clearly outlines the goals and strategies of the organization.
The Creole Crontraversy Essay Research Paper Creole
The Creole Crontraversy Essay, Research Paper Creole Controversy Many different definitions, as well as beliefs, have been formed for the term ?Creole?. The text book definition is ?one that is native to the New World?. Euro-Colonial settlements around the world defined the term differently, and the meanings have altered over time.
Societal Marketing Concept Essay Research Paper The
Societal Marketing Concept Essay, Research Paper The societal marketing concept holds that the organisation should concentrate on the needs and wants of their customers, and then deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors, in a way that maintains or improves the consumer’s and the society’s well-being.
How I Learned To Love The Bomb
Essay, Research Paper Top Term Paper Sites Top 25 – Top 50 – Top 100 Looking for LOVE? Check out WeMetOnTheNet Top Term Paper Sites Top 25 – Top 50 – Top 100 Looking for LOVE? Check out WeMetOnTheNet ChuckIII’s College Resources Over 10,000 FREE Qaulity Term Papers, Research Papers, Essays, and Book Reports.
Ethics 2 Essay Research Paper The business
Ethics 2 Essay, Research Paper The business world is all about selling a product or service and earning money. To sell the products, especially with all the other competition in the marketplace, marketing the product through advertising, packaging, and labeling is important. With all the pressure to sell “your” product, over someone else’s product, many use deceptive and/or manipulative marketing practices.
Paper Products Corporation Essay Research Paper Mary
Paper Products Corporation Essay, Research Paper Mary Miller is the marketing manager for Paper Products Corporation and she has to decide whether she should allow her largest customer to buy some of Paper Products?
Goal Setting Essay Research Paper Psychological
Goal Setting Essay, Research Paper Psychological training is an important aspect of any training program in sports. Goal setting is one particular aspect of a psychological skills training program. Often people brush this aside and do not pay the attention to it that is necessary. The first step in goal setting is to set short term goals that gradually build on each other.
Functions Of Memory Essay Research Paper THE
Functions Of Memory Essay, Research Paper THE FUNCTIONS OF MEMORY Memory is the ability to remember past events, images, ideas, or previously learned information or skills. Memory is also the storage system that allows a person to retain and retrieve previously learned information.
Congress And Term Limits Essay Research Paper
Whether or not Congress should have term limits has been a long debated question that is proposed as an amendment to the qualifications clause of the Constitution. There are excellent arguments on either side of the issue;
Implementing Relationship Marketing Essay Research Paper Implementing
Implementing Relationship Marketing Essay, Research Paper Implementing Relationship Marketing Many family businesses now a day are being over-run by large corporations that have more money and manpower. This is the case in the business I’m going to talk about. The business is called “The Book Barn”; a family owned and operated business that has been selling books in the Boston area for the last 50 years.
Marketing Initiative Essay Research Paper Marketing InitiativeMarketing
Marketing Initiative Essay, Research Paper Marketing Initiative Marketing Initiative is an act or step taken in advertising, packing, and/or selling designed to gain and/or maintain customers. It is created to help transfer goods for the producer to the consumer. I recently read an article about the Clear Channel Outdoor company and their launch of a new Hispanic marketing initiative.
Data Mining
& Music Industry Essay, Research Paper Bruce Haring, in his article “Datamining: Spam or Future of Music Business” appearing in Inside states that “Bands are beginning to embrace the data-collection method…” and then poses the question, “…will some fans be put off by the tactic?” Disappointingly, he fails to answer the question of fan response to datamining (DM) in the article and instead gives many examples of why it is a huge element of the future of the music industry marketing, and at present is grossly underutilized.
Internet Marketing Essay Research Paper Internet Marketing
Internet Marketing Essay, Research Paper Internet Marketing and Associated Topics Computers and the Internet are becoming faster and capable of new and exciting things every day. Through this evolution, businesses have begun to reach out to consumers in new, unprecedented ways. With the amazing growth of users of the Internet, and the enormous growth that is expected to continue, businesses are aware that there is tremendous potential to provide and promote products and services in previously inconceivable ways.
Case Study 2 Essay Research Paper Marketing
Case Study 2 Essay, Research Paper Marketing Mix: The term marketing mix is used to describe the all the options available to the marketing manager in order to market a particular good or service. It is often referred to as the 4P s(i.e Product, Place, Promotion, and Place)
Marketing Mix Essay Research Paper Marketing MixWhat
Marketing Mix Essay, Research Paper Marketing Mix What is the marketing mix? Professor Jerome McCarthy coined this term which breaks down into four separate parts: product, price, place, and promotion, better known as the four P’s of marketing. Some experts feel this early 60’s mentality is a little archaic and should reflect societies other factors.
Legalize Marijuana Essay Research Paper I for
Legalize Marijuana Essay, Research Paper I, for one, believe that Marijuana should be legalized. I have several reasons for this, the main one is that it would almost completely eliminate the crime and other
Marketing Plan Essay Research Paper 5 MarketProduct
Marketing Plan Essay, Research Paper 5. Market-Product Focus This section explains the seven-year marketing and product objectives for the town of Berks, Pennsylvania and the target markets and points of difference.
Symbols Of Women Essay Research Paper Symbols
Symbols Of Women Essay, Research Paper Symbols of Women There are many symbols placed on women in today’s society. These symbols act as stereotypes that usually degrade women on a daily basis. However, many of these symbols are just a term, and have no meaning behind them. An example of this is the reference of women being referred to as “dogs.”