Virii Essay, Research Paper
Viruses
are not truly alive. They
are much smaller and less complex than cells. Most
viruses multiply exclusively inside living host cells. Viruses
cause disease by the sum of the effects of damage to the host cells they
invade and the effects of toxins which are produced in the process. They
are DNA or RNA in a protein coat (capsid). They
have no nucleus, cytoplasm, or membranes. They
do not carry out cellular functions. Viruses
contain very few enzymes and so, as intracellular parasites, they uses the
host?s enzymes for their own metabolism. Viruses
are unable to move and so rely on passive dispersal, or a vector, to move
them between host cells. Viruses
reproduce by binding to specific cells, penetrating the cell membrane and
then using the protein making machinery (transcription and translation) of
the cell to build fresh viruses. DNA
viruses, e.g. smallpox, do not mutate and can be transcribed directly. RNA
viruses, e.g. AIDS, mutate regularly – have to be reverse-transcribed back
to DNA.
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