Knowledge Essay, Research Paper
Philosophy-Knowledge
1. 3 kinds of knowledge-
- knowledge by acquaintance (weak)
- knowing how- (weak)
- knowing why- (strong)
2. Three Requirements for knowledge
- Must be true
- Must believe it
- Must have good reason for believing it is true
3. Know in the strong sense- direct sense, seeing touching ect.
4. Knowing in the weak sense- based on the past, a belief, text books, memories ect.
5. Skepticism- position that you can never really KNOW anything in the strong sense. Verification is impossible.
6. Confirmation- reasons, or evidence to support a statement or belief. 5 out of 10 marbles are black, confirmation that they are all black.
7. Verification- collecting all evidence to support a statement or belief.
8. Experience and Knowledge are not the same- experience is having done something; knowledge is being able to explain it.
Good Reasons for Claiming Knowledge
1. Sense Perception
2. Logic
3. Intuition
4. Self-awareness- I know I have a headache
5. Memory
6. Authority
7. Consensus Gentian
8. Revelation- truth is revealed
9. Faith
? Science is predictive
? Spiritual systems are postdictive
Ways of Gaining Knowledge
RationalismEmpiricismIntuition
? Use reason- it’s the true source of knowledge.
(science)? Knowledge is experience.
(science)? A feeling, inner source of knowledge.
Important People
Karl Popper- Nature of Induction
? Hypothesis can never be proven, it can always be retested.
? Scientific Induction- reasoning from a fact or case to a general conclusion.
W.V.O. Quine- The Problem of the Auxiliary Hypothesis
? A negative result cannot overturn a scientific hypothesis. Evidence can always be called into doubt.
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