By Gender Differences Essay, Research Paper
Analysis of Issues in the Health Care Industry
Factors Affecting Health Care Administration Career Development
in Gender Differences
Introduction
Evaluating the research supporting this article involves thoughtful examination of
all aspects of the report. The purpose is to maintain an objective balance while
identifying both the pluses and minuses of the research. When weaknesses are identified,
they are evaluated to determine whether they represent minor issues or major
flaws(Soeken, 2000, p. 882-893). Following examination of both the strengths and
weaknesses, conclusion is made about the relevance of the study for clinical practice and
for further research (Anonymous, 2000, p. 326).
Discussion
Ruchika and Nitin (1998) examine gender differences in organizational and
individual factors that have been modeled as influences on career development. The
authors state the problem clearly and concisely in the opening lines of their article. For
effective research, the problem needs to be narrow enough to allow a focused study, that
is broad enough to remain relevant and significant. Their findings reveal that more than
one-half of the recent graduates of master?s health care administration programs are
women. However, this study determines that men earn an average of $61,491 per year
while women (with the same educational background) earn $50,839 (Criztens).
Monifa (2000) states, as a man pursuing a career in health care administration,
there many advantages. Even more significantly, the male network may provide access to
2
mentors within the organization (Hirsch, 1999). Katzenbach (1999) research of managers
found that women frequently had less contact with their supervisors and lack corporate
mentors despite their participation in organizations, but these studies suggest that women
lack integration into the informal, but more significant, organization culture causing
averse career development.
Gender differences in organizational and individual factors that have been
modeled as influences on career development were evaluated (Sigel 1999). Crosby,
(1999) says these factors included financial and nonfinancial benefits, access to training
programs, indicators of success, demographics and motivations underlying education,
employment, and career choices.
Conclusion
Career development differs for male and female health care executives, however,
the distinctions appear to be influenced more by demographic and organizational variable
than by individual career motivations.
10
REFERENCES
Anonymous (2000). Manufacturing management: Return of the stop watch.
Economist, 326. 69.
O?Beirne, K. (2000). Factors affecting health administration: Gender Difference.
Women?s International Network News, 25. 25-27.
Criztens, R. (1999). Racing to the top. Inc.,16, 46-47.
Crosby, C. B. (1999). Completeness quality for the 21st century. New
York: Penguin Books USA.
Hirsch, C. L. (1999). Still explicit gender discrimination.
Massachusetts: Human Resource Development Press.
Katzenbach, J. R. (1999). Real change leaders. New York: McKinsey
& Company.
Monifa, A. (2000). Race and gender matter in health care, Inc.,17, 8-32.
Ruchika, T. & Nitin, W., (2000). Hues: Shades of thought. New York:
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Soeken, S. (2000). Critiquing research: Steps for complete evaluation of an
article. American Operating Room Nurse Journal, 41, 882-893.
Sigel, L. S., (1999). New careers in hospitals. New York: The Rosen
Publishing Group.
Bibliography
REFERENCES
Anonymous (2000). Manufacturing management: Return of the stop watch.
Economist, 326. 69.
O?Beirne, K. (2000). Factors affecting health administration: Gender Difference.
Women?s International Network News, 25. 25-27.
Criztens, R. (1999). Racing to the top. Inc.,16, 46-47.
Crosby, C. B. (1999). Completeness quality for the 21st century. New
York: Penguin Books USA.
Hirsch, C. L. (1999). Still explicit gender discrimination.
Massachusetts: Human Resource Development Press.
Katzenbach, J. R. (1999). Real change leaders. New York: McKinsey
& Company.
Monifa, A. (2000). Race and gender matter in health care, Inc.,17, 8-32.
Ruchika, T. & Nitin, W., (2000). Hues: Shades of thought. New York:
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Soeken, S. (2000). Critiquing research: Steps for complete evaluation of an
article. American Operating Room Nurse Journal, 41, 882-893.
Sigel, L. S., (1999). New careers in hospitals. New York: The Rosen
Publishing Group.
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