A-la Belle Poule (а-ля белль пуль) — дамская высокая причёска из собственных и накладных волос, созданная в эпоху Марии-Антуанетты. Названа так в честь известного фрегата Белль Пуль, который сразился с английским фрегатом HMS Аретуса в 1778 году.
История создания
Причёска a-la Belle Poule считается неким символом утончённого и роскошно-избыточного XVIII столетия. Однако это неверно. Высокие причёски такого рода появились только в последней трети XVIII века, а конкретно a-la Belle Poule была в моде всего несколько недель… (См. подробнее — Причёски XVIII века).
В конце 70-х гг. XVIII столетия вошли в моду удивительные причёски, которые были не просто высокими и пышными, но и составляли как бы единое целое с головным убором. Таким образом, дамы носили на голове «клумбы», «вазы с фруктами», «мини-сады» и прочие занимательные конструкции.
Придумывала эти сооружения сама королева Мария-Антуанетта вместе со своим придворным парикмахером (куафёром) Леонаром. Считается, что большинство идей принадлежало самой королеве, а Леонар умело направлял чрезмерно богатую фантазию Марии-Антуанетты в нужное русло.
Разумеется, далеко не каждая придворная красавица имела настолько длинные и густые волосы, чтобы в точности следовать новой моде. Так началось триумфальное шествие шиньонов и дамских париков: парикмахеры скупали у представительниц «третьего сословия» их косы для того, чтобы очередная клиентка могла похвалиться высокой и вычурной куафюрой.
Неудобство высоких причёсок, мешавших женщинам сидеть в карете или портшезе, было учтено Леонаром. Он придумал лёгкий складной механизм (его вставляли в парик), с помощью которого можно было сделать причёску низкой, а потом — снова высокой.
«Темой» для причёски могло быть всё, что угодно — новая постановка Бомарше, научные и географические открытия, и даже — политические реалии. Так, в 1778 году фрегат 'Belle Poule' одержал победу. Леонар со своей талантливой ученицей-королевой живо отозвались на это событие международного значения. Так была создана причёска a-la Belle Poule…
Литература
Fashion from the XVIII to XX century. Kцln. 2004
М. Н. Мерцалова. История костюма. М.-1972
Иллюстрированная энциклопедия моды. М.-1987
Карикатуры на подобные причёски bibliodyssey.blogspot/2009/09/waiter-theres-hair-in-my-satire.html
Источник: ru./wiki/A-la_Belle_Poule_(причёска)
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