Введение
1 Внешний вид
2 Питание
3 Размножение
Список литературы
Asterias rubens
Введение
Красный астериас (лат. Asterias rubens) — вид морских звезд отряда Forcipulatida. Обитает на мелководьях северной части Атлантического океана (от Каролины на западе до Сенегала на востоке). Наиболее обычная звезда для Северного, Белого и западной части Балтийского морей. Модельный объект гистологических и цитологических исследований.
1. Внешний вид
Как правило, у астериаса 5 лучей одинаковой длины. Однако у регенерирующих особей число лучей может быть меньшим (а иногда и большим), а длина их может различаться. Обычно аборальная сторона тела окрашена в ярко-оранжевые или кирпично-красные тона, а оральная сторона — бледно жёлтая.
2. Питание
По типу питания Asterias rubens — хищник и падальщик. В Балтийском море молодые звёзды питаются мелкими улитками Hydrobia ulvae и молодью мидий, а крупные — двустворчатыми моллюсками Macoma balthica и морскими тараканами Idothea balthica[1]. Для Северного и Белого морей описаны массовые «атаки» Asterias rubens плотных поселений двустворчатых моллюсков семейства Mytilidae (так называемых «мидиевых банок»)[2].
Установлено, что при обилии пищи астериас может быстрее расти (средний темп роста — 0,2—1 см в месяц) и достигать более крупных размеров (в Северном море — до 52 см), а при дефиците пищи может уменьшаться в размерах. Таким образом, определить возраст морской звезды по размерам затруднительно[3].
Срок жизни морской звезды — 5—10 лет[4], полового созревания достигают к 1 году.
3. Размножение
Женская особь производит от 1 до 2,5 млн некрупных яиц (140 мкм в диаметре). Личинки планктонные, обитают в пелагиали. При оседании на дно проделывают сложный метаморфоз и оканчивают его примерно через три месяца после вылупления.
Список литературы:
Anger, Rogal, Schriever, Valentin, 1977.
Saier, 2001
Common starfish Asterias rubens. Basic information. (англ.)
Schдfer, 1972
Источник: ru./wiki/Asterias_rubens
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