Введение
1 Проведение
2 Последствия
Введение
«Ranch Hand» — долговременная операция вооружённых сил США в ходе войны во Вьетнаме, направленная на уничтожение растительности в Южном Вьетнаме и Лаосе. Один из самых известных случаев применения тактики «выжженная земля» и использования химического оружия в истории.
1. Проведение
Для уничтожения растительности применялись дефолианты, распылявшиеся с самолётов C-123, вертолётов и с земли. Целью распыления было уничтожение растительности джунглей, что облегчало обнаружение подразделений северовьетнамской армии и партизан НФОЮВ. Кроме того, дефолианты использовались для уничтожения посевов в районах, полностью контролируемых противником, лишая его тем самым значительной части пропитания.
Операция «Ranch Hand» была начата в январе 1962 года и продолжалась до 1971 года. Применялись химические агенты, носившие названия Розовый, Зелёный, Пурпурный, Голубой, Оранжевый (названия произошли от цвета маркировки контейнеров с химикатами). Наибольшую известность получил Оранжевый агент (Агент Оранж), оказавшийся токсичным для человеческого организма. Самой большой обработке дефолиантами подверглись Специальная зона Рунг-Сат в дельте Меконга, военные зоны C и D. Всего над Южным Вьетнамом было распылено 68 000 мі дефолиантов, основную часть которых составлял Оранжевый агент. Кроме того, распыление происходило и над Лаосом, где пролегала основная часть «тропы Хо Ши Мина».
2. Последствия
Подробнее по этой теме см.: Агент Оранж.
Ещё в ходе войны применение дефолиантов подвергалось критике; впоследствии выяснилось, что Оранжевый агент привёл к тяжёлым заболеваниям у большого числа американских и южнокорейских солдат, а также местного вьетнамского населения. В настоящее время жители многих районов на юге Вьетнама продолжают испытывать на себе последствия операции «Ranch Hand».
Источник: ru./wiki/Операция_«Ranch_Hand»
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