БАРВІНОК МАЛИЙ БАРВИНОК МАЛЬІИ
VINCA MINOR L. :
Родима барвінкові
Невисокий, 30 — 60 см заввишки, вічнозелений напівкущик з повзучими пагонами. Листки супротивні, шкірясті, цілокраї, зверху блискучі. Квітки сині, поодинокі, пазушні, правильні, лійковидні, 5-членні. Цвіте в травні — червні. Плід — листянка. Росте у листяних лісах, часто утворюючи на великих площах суцільні зарості. Поширений у Карпатах, на західному Поліссі, у лісостеповій та західній степовій аонах. Лікарська рослина. На ліки збирають надземну частину (траву). Препарати з неї регулюють кров'яний тиск, поліпшують роботу серця, розширюють судини мозку тощо. Збирають траву навесні або на початку літа під час цвітіння, зрізаючи ножем або серпом. Сушать на горищі або під наметом. Рослину не можна виривати з кореневищем — це призводить до її винищення. Збирати рослини повторно на тому самому місці можна лише через 3 роки. За морфологічними ознаками на барвінка малого схожий барвінок трав'янистий (V. herbaceae W. К.), але листки його на зиму опадають. Лікарського значення він не має. Барвінки відомі як дуже гарні декоративні рослини, які широко культивують. Потребують бережного ставлення.
ЗВІРОБІЙ ЗВИЧАЙНИЙ
ЗВЕРОБОЙ ПРОДЬІРЯВЛЕННЬІЙ
HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.
Родина звіробійні
Багаторічна трав'яниста рослина 30 — 60 см заввишки, з прямим, голим, угорі гіллястим стеблом. Листки супротивні, сидячі, цілокраї, овальні або видовжені, з багатьма темними залозками. Квітки правильні, жовті, з 5-членною оцвітиною, зібрані в щитковидну волоть або нещільну китицю. Плід — багатонасінна коробочка. Цвіте у червні — серпні. Росте на лісових галявинах, узліссях, на луках, серед чагарників, на схилах, узбіччях доріг.
Важлива лікарська рослина. Збирають квітучі пагони. Препарати з них використовують у медицині як в'яжучий, антибактеріальний, протизапальний і тонізуючий засіб. Пагони збирають під час цвітіння, зрізаючи їхні верхівки 25 — 30 см заввишки ножем або серпом. Сушать на горищі, під наметом або в сушарці при температурі до 40 °С. Звіробій звичайний — добра медоносна та фарбувальна рослина. Потребує особливо бережного використання. Під час збирання звіробою не можна виривати рослини з коренями. Треба обов'язково залишати незайманою частину рослин для природного їх відтворення.
РОМАШКА ЛІКАРСЬКА
РОМАШКА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННАЯ
CHAMOMILLA RECUTITA (L.) RAUSCHERT.
Родина складноцвіті (айстрові) Однорічна рослина 15 — 60 см заввишки, з розгалуженим, борозенчастим стеблом. Листки чергові, 2 — 3-перисто-розсічені, сидячі. Квітки дрібні, зібрані у верхівкові суцвіття — кошики. Крайові квітки кошиків язичкові, білі, серединні — трубчасті, жовті, містяться на довгому, конічному, всередині порожнистому квітколожі. Цвіте в червні — серпні. Плід — довгаста сім'янка без чубка волосків. Рослина з сильним ароматним запахом. Росте невеликими заростями або групами на подвір'ях, біля доріг, на вулицях, у садах майже по всій території УРСР, проте на Поліссі — рідше. Культивується. Важлива лікарська рослина. Збирають суцвіття (кошики). Використовуються як потогінний, дезинфікуючий, в'яжучий, заспокійливий та протизапальний засіб. Кошики також використовують у парфюмерній промисловості.
Збирають кошики тільки на початку цвітіння, в суху погоду, вручну або гребінцем. Сушать на повітрі або в сушарці при температурі, не вищій 40 °С. На ліки, крім кошиків ромашки лікарської, можна також заготовляти й кошики ромашки без'язичкової (Ch. suaveolens (Pursh) Rudb.). Це дуже поширена рослина.
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