Роберт (Noyce Robert Norton)
Нойс Роберт (Noyce Robert Norton) (12 декабря
1927, Берлингтон, шт. Айова
- 3 июня 1990, Остин, шт. Техас), американский инженер, изобретатель (1959)
интегральной схемы, системы взаимосвязанных транзисторов на единой кремниевой
пластинке, основатель (1968, совместно с Г. Муром) корпорации Intel.
В 1949 году
Нойс окончил Гриннелл-колледж в Айове со степенью бакалавра, а в 1953 году стал
доктором философии Массачусетского технологического института. В 1956-57 годах
работал в полупроводниковой лаборатории изобретателя транзисторов Уильяма
Шокли, а затем вместе с семью коллегами уволился и основал одну из первых
электронных фирм по производству кремниевых полупроводников - Fairchild
Semiconductor (Фэрчайлд Семикондактор), которая дала название Силиконовой
долине в Северной Калифорнии. Одновременно, но независимо друг от друга Нойс и
Килби изобрели интегральную микросхему.
В 1968 году
Нойс и его давний коллега Гордон Мур основали корпорацию Intel. Спустя два года
они создали 1103-ю запоминающую микросхему из кремния и поликремния, которая
заменила собой прежние малоэффективные керамические сердечники в запоминающих
устройствах компьютеров. В 1971 Intel представила микропроцессор, объединяющий
в одной микросхеме функции запоминающего устройства и процессора. Вскоре
корпорация Intel стала лидером по производству микропроцессоров. В 1988 году
Нойс стал президентом корпорации Sematech, исследовательского консорциума,
совместно финансируемого промышленным капиталом и правительством США с целью
развития передовых технологий в американской полупроводниковой промышленности.
Список литературы
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