The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world, after Russia, Canada and China. It occupies the southern part of North America, and includes Alaska.
The USA is made up of 50 states, and the District of Columbia, a special federal area where the
capitol of the country is situated.
If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains and
the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley which is located in Alaska. The United States is a land of rivers and lakes. The largest and deepest lakes in
the USA are the five Great Lakes on the border with Canada. America’s largest rivers
are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia. The Mississippi is the word’s third longest river after the Nile and the Amazon. The climate of
the country varies greatly. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the
central part is continental. The south has subtropical climate.
The history of the country is
rather long. Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean. Instead of reaching India as he had expected he landed on an island off a
continent unknown to Europeans, but he thought that he was in India.
In the southern states white
farmers used black slaves to work on their huge plantations. When slavery was stopped
in the North the southern states left the Union and formed the Confederacy.
Civil war between the North and the South started. The Union won and the
slavery was abolished all over the USA.
Nowadays, the USA is highly developed industrial country.
There are many important
cities in the USA, for example New York, one of the largest cities in the
world, a great seaport and financial center, Chicago near the Great Lakes, one
of the biggest industrial cities in the USA, and the second largest after New
York. Boston is one of the first cities which were built on the Atlantic coast
of America. Now it is a big cultural centre with three universities. Los Angeles is a centre of modern industries and show business. Other big and important
cities of the USA are Philadelphia, Dallas, San Francisco, Detroit, Washington and so on.
Washington D.C. is the capitol of US. It is situated in
the District of Columbia and is like no other city in America. it’s the world’s largest one-industry city. And that industry is government. The
White House, where the US president lives and works, the Capitol, the home of
the US congress, and the Supreme Court, are all in Washington. The city was so
named in memory of George Washington, the first president of the USA, known for the active participation in the war with Britain. A special district was
created for the city – the District of Columbia. The city was laid out
according to be a capitol. Washington is one of the most magnificent and
unusual cities in the USA. In the centre of it rises the huge dome of the Capitol
– a big white dome standing in a circle of pillars. It’s rather easy to get
lost in this huge building, full of paintings and statues.
Not far from the Capitol is
the library of Congress, the largest in US. It contains more than 13
million books, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers
of the American presidents.
The official residence of the
USA president is White House. It has 132 rooms, among them the Oval Office
where the president works. The White House used to be a president residence since
it first occupied by President John Adams in 1800.
One can hardly find a park, a
square or an open area in Washington without a monument or a memorial, the Jefferson
Memorial was built in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration
of Independence and the third president of the USA. Inside his statue, and his
writings are inscribed on the walls. The Lincoln Memorial reminds
everybody of Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth American president who’s noted for
the slavery destruction. There’s a statue of Abraham Lincoln inside the
memorial. At the National Air and Space Museum visitors can see the
history of flight from the first airplane to the Apollo spaceship. The National
Gallery of Art, a large museum of painting, sculpture and other arts is
also situated in the capitol.
From the beginning of the
twentieth century the USA became the world’s leading country. Thousands of
tourists visit Washington every day. People from all parts of the US come to see their capitol, and also people all over the world. Washington greets tourists
with the Cherry Blossom festival every spring. The pink and white blossoms of
the Japanese cherry these near the Washington Monument create a magnificent delicate
picture, and you are to visit Washington just to see it, and then all beauties
of other cities will seem to you gloomy.
Tsivun
N. 9B
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