’s Discoveries Essay, Research Paper
Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand in 1871 as one of 12 children. It was Rutherford who first “split” an atom and who discovered the atomic “nucleus”, a name that he invented. For this he is regarded as the greatest experimental physicist of his time.
Rutherford was one of the first and most important researchers in nuclear physics. Soon after the discovery of radioactivity in 1986 by the French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel, Rutherford discovered the three different types of radiation. By covering his Uranium with thin foils of aluminum, gradually increasing the number of foils. For the first three layers of foil the radiation escaping from the uranium decreased progressively, suggesting an ordinary law of absorption. More thickness of aluminum, however, had little further effect in reducing the radiation at first, but eventually the intensity of the radiation began to diminish again as even more foils were added. These experiments showed that there were at least two distinct types of radiation- one that is very readily absorbed, which he called the alpha – radiation, and the other more penetrative character which he called the beta – radiation. He also had believed that he had found a third more penetrating radiation. The Frenchman, Paul Villard, officially gave this third radiation. He named it, after Rutherford’s first two radiation discoveries, the gamma- radiation. It was these discoveries in radiation that opened the door to the rest of Rutherford’ discoveries.
Using this alpha radiation, Rutherford started to experiment putting it through other materials to get the effects. It was in one of these experiments with gold that he was able to figure out what an atom looks like. He found that a countable number of alpha particles actually bounced back from a thin sheet of gold foil. Of course the majority of the particles went straight through the gold and were only slightly scattered. Rutherford said that this was the most surprising result he had known. He said that this discovery of the alpha particles actually bouncing off the gold was as surprising to him as firing a fifteen inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and having it bounce back and hit you. From this statement we can see how immersed Rutherford actually was in his studies. By this experiment it seemed clear to Rutherford that the alpha particle occasionally encountered such an intense field in the atom that it was turned back in its path as the result of a collision. When considering the mass and energy of an alpha particle this was an astonishing observation. Rutherford said that in order to produce such a large deflection of the alpha particle, the atom must contain a massive charged center of very minute dimensions. From this arose the concept of the well known “nucleus” (a name which Rutherford coined), where the atom consists of a minute positively charged nucleus containing most of the mass of an atom, surrounded at relatively great distances by electrons. He also discovered that the alpha particle was repelled according to the ordinary laws of electricity so that it should travel in a hyperbola. From this he discovered the law of scattering, that is to say the number of particles that should be found at any angle of deflection. Rutherford was confident that we would get more information from scattering about the nature of the atom than any other method.
Rutherford became very excited about an idea that Darwin had given him about the interesting results that might occur when an alpha particle met a nucleus lighter than itself, such as the nucleus of a hydrogen atom. Rutherford went to work right away. In 1919 Rutherford performed a pioneer experiment in nuclear physics when he bombarded nitrogen gas with alpha particles and obtained atoms of an oxygen isotope and protons. This process of changing nitrogen into oxygen was the first artificially induced nuclear reaction. It also made great headway in the following decades of intensive research on the other nuclear transformation sand on the nature and properties of radiation. Today, with the threat of nuclear weapons and the promise of nuclear power it must appear that the splitting of the atom was Rutherford’s most significant achievement.
Rutherford was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1903 and served as president of that institution from 1925 to 1930. He was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry, was knighted in 1914, and was created a baron in 1931. He died in London on October 19, 1937, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Другие работы по теме:
Хейз, Резерфорд Бёрчард
Введение 1 Карьера 2 Президентские выборы 1876 г 3 Президентство 4 Интересные факты 5 В литературе Введение Резерфо́рд Бёрчард Хе́йз (устар. Рутерфорд Хейс) (англ. Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 4 октября 1822 — 17 января 1893) — девятнадцатый президент США (4 марта 1877 — 4 марта 1881). Стал президентом в результате выборов, считающихся одними из самых «грязных» в истории США.
Петр Капица /english/
Доклад о выдающемся русском физике Петре Капице. Биографическая справка и научная деятельность в области физики, нобелевская премия.
The Universal Baseball Association Essay Research Paper
The disappearance of Henry in the final chapter adds a certain ambiguity to Coover?s text. Readers must question why Henry is not present and the reasoning behind his disappearance from the final chapter; has he merged to become one person with the players he created, have his players and league progressed to a maturity in which they no longer need him, or has Henry crossed the line of insanity causing the league itself to turn into a chaotic mess.
Ernest Rutherford Essay Research Paper Rutherford was
Ernest Rutherford Essay, Research Paper Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871, in Nelson, New Zealand. He was educated at the University of New Zealand and the University of Cambridge. He was a professor of physics at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec from 1989 to 1907. He was also professor at the University of Manchester in England.
Atomic Theory Essay Research Paper In ancient
Atomic Theory Essay, Research Paper In ancient Greek the word atom meant the smallest indivisible particle that could be conceived. The atom was thought of as indestructible; in fact, the Greek word for atom means “not divisible.” Knowledge about the size and make up of the atom grew very slowly as scientific theory progressed.
Ernest Rutherford Life Of Essay Research Paper
ERNEST RUTHERFORD. Ernest Rutherford was born in Spring Grove in New Zealand on August 30th, 1871. His parents, James and Martha, had emigrated from Great Britain and believed their children, numbering 12, should have proper education. At the age of 16 Ernest won his first scholarship to Nelson College, where he was a popular student.
Rutherford Bichard Hayes Essay Research Paper Rutherford
Rutherford Bichard Hayes Essay, Research Paper Rutherford B. Hayes (19th president) Rutherford Bichard Hayes was not a well know president. He was not president that had the opportunity to lead us through a war. He was not a president that would draw much attention to the public eye. He was however one of the presidents that had a great triumph over a major U.S. problem, economics and civil rights following a war.
Rutherford B Hayes Essay Research Paper Rutherford
Rutherford B. Hayes Essay, Research Paper Rutherford B. Hayes was considered by many to be a simple, uncontroversial, and honest man to run for the presidency. That is why many people are perplexed that such an astute person should have one of the most controversial elections and presidencies ever. Considering Hayes honorable principles, it came as a surprise to see how he could unknowingly make a decision about reconstruction where its effects were so blatantly derogatory to the cause he was trying to help.
Rutherford Essay Research Paper Ernest Rutherford 18711937Ernest
Rutherford Essay, Research Paper Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand. Rutherford demonstrated his abilities as a scientist early on while working on his B.Sc. at the University of New Zealand in 1894. He showed that the magnetization can be removed from a magnetized iron needle by dissolving the surface layer of the metal in acid.
The Journey To Greatness The History Of
University Of Kentucky Men S Basketball From 1989-1996 Essay, Research Paper “5 4 3 2 1 Thats it! The University of Kentucky has won the 1996 men s NCAA National Championship!” said U.K. radio analysts Ralph Hackard. It was on the night of April 1, 1996 at the Medowlands Coliseum in East Rutherford, NJ. The University of Kentucky had won the schools sixth national championship, and the first since 1978.
Atomic Theory Essay Research Paper ChemistryA Brief
Atomic Theory Essay, Research Paper Chemistry: A Brief History of Atomic Theory February 28, 1999 In the beginning of the 1800s John Dalton, an English scientist did work some work on gases, which lead him to the creation of a complex system of symbols for all known elements at the time. He took all the information he had collected, along with the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions and updated Aristotle’s theory of matter with the Atomic Theory of Matter, which stated: – All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. – Atoms of an element have identical properties. – Atoms of different elements have different properties. – Atoms of two or more elements can combine in constant ratios to form new substances.
Bohr At The Rutherford Lab Essay Research
Paper Bohr at the Rutherford Lab Everyone at the time imagined the atom as a “plum pudding.” That is, it was roughly the same thing throughout, with negatively charged electrons scattered about in it like raisins in a pudding. As part of an experiment with x-rays in 1909, Rutherford was shooting a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil only 1/3000 of an inch thick, and tracing the particles’ paths.
The Man Who Stepped Into Yesterday Essay
, Research Paper The Man who Stepped into Yesterday Once upon a time, there was a mountain which rose out of a vast, green forest. and in the forest there were birds and lakes and rocks and trees and rivers. the forest was also inhabited by a small group of people called the lizards. the lizards were a simple people and they had lived in the forest undisturbed for thousands of years in utter peace and tranquillity. once a year spring came, and the first blossoms began to show, the lizards would gather at the base of the mountain to give thanks for all that they had. they thanked the birds and they thanked the lakes and they thanked the rocks and the trees and the rivers; but most importantly, they thanked icculus. icculus lived at the top of the mountain, or at least everyone thought so, for no one had ever actually seen him. but they knew he existed, because they had the helping
Alfred Nobel Essay Research Paper The inventor
Alfred Nobel Essay, Research Paper The inventor of dynamite was a very important roll to take part in. The ultimate inventor of it was a mane named Alfred Nobel. Before dynamite, miners had to use nitrogen to blow holes in rock and other things. However it is too volatile and can explode incredibly easily. Alfred changed all this.
JJ Thomson Essay Research Paper Joseph John
J.J Thomson Essay, Research Paper Joseph John Thomson was born on December 18, 1856 near Manchester, England. His father died when “J.J..” was only sixteen. The young Thomson attended Owens College in Manchester, where his professor of
The Atom Essay Research Paper Many incredible
The Atom Essay, Research Paper Many incredible theories about the structure of the atom arose during the turn of the 20th century. Physicists from across the globe searched for answers to so many unknown ideas about the atom. Each time a new idea came about the questions would not stop there. It would only lead to another hypothesis and therefore lead to another quest to find answers.
Niels Bohr Essay Research Paper October 21
Niels Bohr Essay, Research Paper October 21, 1998 Niels Bohr Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, he is the son of a physiology professor, and went to school at the University of Copenhagen, this is where he got his doctorate in 1911.
Benefits Of Radiation Essay Research Paper
Benefits of Radiation Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei by the emission of subatomic particles called alpha particles and beta particles, or of electromagnetic rays called X rays and gamma rays. The phenomenon was discovered in 1896 by the French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel when he observed that the element uranium can blacken a photographic plate, although separated from it by glass or black paper.
Werner Heisenberg Essay Research Paper Werner Heisenberg
Werner Heisenberg Essay, Research Paper Werner Heisenberg One cannot fully appreciate the work of Werner Heisenberg unless one examines his contributions in the context of the time in which he lived. Werner Karl Heisenberg was born in Wuerzburg, Germany, on December 5, 1901, and grew up in academic surroundings, in a household devoted to the humanities.
William Carlos Williams- A Poet On A
Mission Essay, Research Paper WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS: A POET ON A MISSION WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS: A POET ON A MISSION “Among the poets of his own illustrious generation, William Carlos Williams was the man on the margin, the incorrigible maverick, the embattled messiah.” (Unger 402) Throughout his career, Williams has always been known as an experimenter, an innovator, and a revolutionary figure in American poetry.
Biography Of Wcw Essay Research Paper William
Biography Of Wcw Essay, Research Paper William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), was an American poet, novelist, and physician, who wrote in distinctly American speech about everyday situations. He began writing poetry while a student at Horace Mann High School, at which time he made the decision to become both a writer and a doctor.
Election Of 1876 Essay Research Paper Why
Election Of 1876 Essay, Research Paper Why Hayes Should Not Have Won the Election The position of President is the most important position in the United States government. Wouldn t you think that we should have the very best man in that position that we can get? I, Samuel Tilden, feel that the Election of 1876 was a disgrace to the history of our government.
Development Of The Modern Atom Essay Research
Paper Development of the Modern Atomic Theory The modern atomic theory we have today came from contributions of many different scientists. Democritus, Dalton, Thompson, Millikan and Rutherford all had their specific contributions to the development of the Atomic theory we have come to know today.
Modern Atom Model Essay Research Paper The
Modern Atom Model Essay, Research Paper The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved with contribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first to come up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that the structure of an atom is mainly a sphere.
Calhoun
’s Transformation Essay, Research Paper The Middle Passage, by Charles Johnson is a log of events form a slave ship authored by the main character, Rutherford Calhoun. Our narrator, Calhoun, recalls the tale of a voyage half way around the world, a six-month transitional period which thoroughly reconstructs his previous life-style.
Untitled Essay Research Paper Yazan Fahmawi
Untitled Essay, Research Paper Yazan Fahmawi T3 IBS Chemistry Ms. Redman Historical Development of Atomic Structure The idea behind the "atom" goes back to the Ancient Greek society, where
Australian Identity Essay Research Paper Identity is
Australian Identity Essay, Research Paper Identity is a debate that many Australians are still arguing today. After all these years of living in Australia, the identity of the country is still something that cannot be agreed upon. Though many seem to have their own idea of what an ?Australian? is, there is no clear cut view of this thus the conclusion that an ?Australian? is a myth can be formulated.
Williams William Carlos Essay Research Paper I
Williams, William Carlos Essay, Research Paper I. Introduction Print section Williams, William Carlos (1883-1963), American writer, whose use of simple, direct language marked a new course in
Chicago Mafia Essay Research Paper Nick RutherfordMrs
Chicago Mafia Essay, Research Paper Nick Rutherford Mrs. Lay English 105 Context Paper Mafia The early days of the Mob and there Italian hertiage, came to the United States areound the 1890s. Most of the Mob was located and running their businesses out of New York. New York was be3ggining to become small since there were so many “families’ trying to run the city.
Evolution Of Modern Atom Essay Research Paper
The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved with contribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first to come up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that the structure of an atom is mainly a sphere. A sphere that is filled with positive electronic field and contains tiny particles that has a negative charge.
Cats Essay Research Paper Many people today
Cats Essay, Research Paper Many people today have pets for pleasure and companionship. Nearly any animal can be a pet, such as hamsters, rabbits, birds, fish, frogs, horses, and even cats and dogs. Besides being a loving companion, pets serve many other purposes as in protecting homes, destroying vermin, and providing a means of transportation.
Atomic Physics Essay Research Paper subject
Atomic Physics Essay, Research Paper subject = physics title = Atomic Physics papers = Please put your paper here. ATOMIC PHYSICS Atomic Physics- is the study of atomic matter.