Введение
1 История
2 Список построенных кораблей
2.1 АПЛ
Список литературы
Введение
Спутниковый снимок на южной части п-ова Маре-Айленд
Mare Island Naval Shipyard (Военно-морская вервь Маре-Айленд, MINS) – верфь и военно-морская база США, расположенная на западной окраине города Вальехо (Vallejo, шт. Калифорния). Верфь расположена на одноименном полуострове примерно в 37 километрах к северо-востоку от Сан-Франциско в северной части бухты Сан-Франциско. Река Напа-ривер (Napa River), впадая в пролив Маре-Айленд (Mare Island Strait), расширяется и образует прекрасную гавань между полуостровом и материком. Полуостров составляет примерно 5,5 км в длину и 1,5 км в ширину. Предприятие расположено на площади более 2500 гектаров. В комплекс базы входит: судоверфь, склады боеприпасов, больница (её корпус сейчас переоборудован для учебных целей) и морские казармы.
Верфь получила известность во время Второй мировой Войны как главная база американских подводных лодок и координатор кораблестроительных программ США на Западном побережье [1]. База была закрыта в 1996 году и прошла через несколько реконструкций. Часть её, включающая 52 здания[2], была в 1975 году объявлена историческим ландшафтом[3].
1. История
Mare Island, старейшая военно-морская база на западном побережье США, основана в 1853 году[4]. Верфь создана в 1854 году и первоначально называлась Naval Magazine, NSY Mare Island.
В 1850 году, капитану Джону Слоату (John Sloat) было приказано провести обследование побережья в поисках подходящего места для первой Тихоокеанской военно-морской базы. Слоат рекомендовал острова в устье реки Напа близь поселения Вальехо. Это место было защищено от океанских штормовых ветров и наводнений. 6 ноября 1850 года, спустя два месяца после того, как Калифорния вошла в состав США, президент Миллард Филлмор зарезервировал Маре-Айленд для государственных нужд. Департамент ВМС США действовал сообразно рекомендации капитана Слоата и в июле 1852 года остров Маре был куплен за сумму $83 410 для использования в качестве военно-морской верфи. В 1854 году капитан 1 ранга Дэвид Фаррагат был отправлен в Калифорнию для основания военно-морской базы и стал первым комендантом Маре-Айленд.
Увеличение размера и количества кораблей быстро привело к необходимости модернизации. Была принята национальная программа переоборудования верфи. Министерством общественных работ из гранитных блоков был построен 155-метровый сухой док. Работы длились 19 лет и были завершены в 1891 году. Во время испано-американской войны был построен 230-метровый сухой док из деревянных свай. Работы по его строительству были завершены в 1910 году. К 1941 году был построен третий сухой док и ещё четыре находились в стадии строительства. Склады боеприпасов и ремонтная база подводных лодок были современными, огнеупорными зданиями. Были построены три дамбы с автомобильными дорогами из Вальехо.
Во время Первой мировой Войны база на острове Маре выросла в крупнейший центр кораблестроения и ремонтную базу. На предприятие в это время трудилось до 41 000 человек. За время войны на верфи были построены 512 кораблей и отремонтировано более сотни[5]. В их числе был единственный построенный на западном побережье США линкор «Калифорния» и первый корабль, переоборудованный в авианосец — CV-1 «Лэнгли».
До начала Второй мировой войны около 6000 человек на острове Маре были заняты строительством и ремонтом судов. В годы Второй мировой войны, верфь Mare Island специализируется на строительстве подводных лодок. Все лодки, кроме нескольких, построенных частными предприятиями, были построены здесь. Верфь установила рекорд в постройке военно-морских кораблей, когда эсминец «Уорд» был спущен на воду спустя лишь 17 дней после закладки. За время войны на верфи было отремонтировано 1227 и построен 391 новый корабль, в том числе 17 лодок, 4 тэндера, 31 эсминец сопровождения, 33 малых судна и более чем 300 десантных катеров.
С появлением в середине 50-х годов атомных подводных лодок верфь стала одной из немногих, способных строить и ремонтировать АПЛ. В их числе были и несколько ПЛАРБ, вооружённых ракетами UGM-27 Поларис.
В 1993 году конгресс принял решение о закрытии базы. В это время на базе работало 5800 человек. В декабре 1995 года, число занятых снизилось до 1500, а в 1996 году все работы на верфи прекращены.
2. Список построенных кораблей
2.1. АПЛ
Список литературы:
Battleship Iowa: Mare Island
NPS Redbook
Mare Island Naval Shipyard
NHL Writeup
Mare Island
Источник: ru./wiki/Mare_Island_NSY
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