Введение
1 История
2 Список построенных кораблей
2.1 АПЛ
Список литературы
Введение
Военно-морская верфь Портсмут
Portsmouth NSY - военно-морская верфь Портсмут (англ. Portsmouth Naval Shipyard) - верфь военно-морских сил США расположенная в Киттери на южной границе штата Мэн
(G) (O). Используется для строительства и ремонта кораблей ВМФ. Этот объект иногда путают с верфью ВМС США Норфолк в Портсмуте, штат Вирджиния.
1. История
Учреждена 12 июня 1800 администрацией президента Джона Адамса. Военно-морская верфь Портсмут является старейшей непрерывно-действующей верфью в ВМС Соединенных Штатов. Расположена напротив города Портсмут, штат Нью-Гемпшир на группе островов называемых "Seavey's Island" на реке Piscataqua, чье быстрое течение не позволяет в зимнее время льду заблокировать выход в Атлантический океан. [1]
Район имеет давние традиции судостроения. Еще со времен колониальных поселений, леса Нью-Гэмпшира и Мэна использовались для строительства деревянных лодок и кораблей. В 1690 году для Королевского флота Великобритании здесь был спущен на воду корабль HMS Falkland, ставший первым построенным в американских колониях. Во время революции, построенный здесь на острове Барсука в 1776 году "Raleigh", стал первым кораблем поднявшим американский флаг в бою.
Когда секретарь ВМС Бенджамин Стоддерт выбирал место для первой федеральной верфи, он решил разместить ее именно в Киттери, поскольку здесь поблизости была рабочая сила и богатые лесные ресурсы. Под строительства правительство выкупило остров Fernald за 5 500 долларов. Для защиты верфи старый форт "McClary" в заливе Портсмут был перестроен и переименован в форт "Constitution". [2]
В ходе испано-американской войны 1898 года на базе содержались пленные испанцы. В 1905 году началось строительство на Портсмутской Морской тюрьмы получившей прозвище "Замок", в силу своего сходства со средневековым замком. Это была главная тюрьма военно-морских сил и морской пехоты. В ней в годы Второй мировой войны содержались многие немецких подводники вплоть до закрытия тюрьмы в 1974 году.
В 1905 году на территории базы был подписан Портсмутский мирный договор, которым завершилась Русско-японская война. Заседания проходили в здании Генерального Хранилища (англ. General Stores Building), в настоящее время Здание Администрации (так называемое "здание №86"). За организацию мирной конференции, президент Теодор Рузвельт был выдвинут в 1906 кандидатом на Нобелевскую премию мира.
Во время Первой мировой войны, завод приступил к строительству подводных лодок. L-8 была первой подлодкой, построенной на американской военно-морской верфи. База продолжала также проводить капитальный и текущий ремонт надводных кораблей. Количество гражданских лиц на верфи выросло до 5000 человек. Численность персонала в годы Второй мировой войны выросло почти до 25 000. На верфи было построено 70 подлодок. А в один из дней был установлен рекорд - спущено на воду четыре ПЛ.
После окончания войны верфь стала центром военно-морского флота по разработке подводных лодок. В 1953 году на воду была спущена дизель-электрическая подводная лодка [USS Albacore (AGSS-569)|USS Альбакор], совершившая революцию в области подводного кораблестроения. В отличие от подводных лодок Второй мировой лодка корпус «Альбакора» был выполнен в виде тела вращения с минимальным количество выступающих частей (исключение составляла небольшая рубка). Все поперечные сечения средней части корпуса были сделаны максимально приближёнными к круглым. Конструкция лодки была настолько хороша, что с корпусом подобного вида стали строится все лодки ВМС США и многих других стран. Родился термин «альбакоровский корпус». В настоящее время лодка является музеем в городе Портсмут и открыта для посещения туристами.
На верфи строились и атомные подводные лодки. Первой АПЛ построенной на Portsmouth NSY стала USS Swordfish, спущенная на воду в 1957 году. Последней подводной лодкой построенной на верфи стала USS Sand Lance, спущенная на воду 1969 году.
В 2005 году комитет BRAC (Base Realignment and Closure Committee) постановил закрыть базу к 2008 году. Сотрудники организовали акцию "Спасите нашу верфь" (в английском написании "Save Our Shipyard" эквивалентное международному сигналу бедствия "SOS") с целью заставить Комитет пересмотреть свое решение. 24 августа 2005 года базу исключили из списка подлежащих закрытию. Сейчас верфь продолжает работу под своим девизом "От паруса к атомной энергии." [1]. Предприятие проводит текущий и капитальный ремонт, перезарядку активной зоны и модернизационные работы.
2. Список построенных кораблей
2.1. АПЛ
Список литературы:
History of the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (англ.)
A. J. Coolidge & J. B. Mansfield, A History and Description of New England; Boston, Massachusetts 1859 (англ.)
Источник: ru./wiki/Portsmouth_NSY
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