Бруно
Вальтер (Walter) (псевдоним; настоящие имя и фамилия Бруно Вальтер Шлезингер,
Schlesinger) (1876-1962) - немецкий дирижёр и музыкальный писатель. Учился в
консерватории Штерна в Берлине. Дебютировал в 1894 году в оперном театре
Кёльна. В 1894-96 годах работал в Гамбурге, затем в других театрах. В 1901-12
годах выступал в Венской опере по приглашению Малера. Поставил во
Франкфурте-на-Майне оперу Шрекера "Игрушка и принцесса" (1913).
В
1913 году Вальтер стал преемником Мотля на посту руководителя Мюнхенской оперы.
В этот период осуществил постановки опер "Виоланта" Корнгольда
(1916), "Палестрина" Пфицнера (1917) и других. С 1925 главный дирижёр
городской оперы Берлина; в 1929-33 дирижёр оркестра Гевандхауза в Лейпциге. В
1924-31 годах часто выступал в Ковент Гардене (где исполнял преимущественно
немецкий репертуар). В 1933 году эмигрировал из Германии.
В
1936-38 дирижёр Венской государственной оперы. В 1939 Бруно Вальтер эмигрировал
в США, приняв в 1946 году американское гражданство. В 1941-57 годах (с
перерывами) в Метрополитен Опера (в первом сезоне дебютировал в
"Фиделио" и "Дон Жуане"). В 1946 осуществил турне по
Европе, в 1947 выступил на Эдинбургском фестивале. Неоднократно бывал в России
(в период с 1913 по 1927). Был в числе основателей Зальцбургского фестиваля.
Бруно
Вальтер - один из наиболее выдающихся дирижёров XX века. Представитель школы
Малера. Первый исполнитель его "Песни о земле" (1911) и 9-й симфонии
(1912). Блестящий интерпретатор сочинений Моцарта, Бетховена, Верди, Брукнера и
других. В 1934 впервые исполнил Рапсодию на тему Паганини Рахманинова. Автор
ряда музыкальных (2 симфонии и др. сочинения) и литературных сочинений (среди
которых книги о Моцарте, Малере; "Theme und Variationen", 1961, в
русском переводе "Тема с вариациями", Москва, 1969). Среди записей
"Дон Жуан" (солисты Пинца, Ретберг, Д. Борджиоли, Melodram).
Список литературы
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Джордано Бруно
Джордано Бруно - великий итальянский ученый, философ, поэт, пламенный сторонник и пропагандист учения Коперника.