GEOGRAAFILINE ASEND
Rootsi Kuningriik
asub Põhja-Euroopas, Skandinaavia poolsaarel, Balti mere
ääres. Pindala on 450 tuhat ruutkilomeetrit. Pealinn - Stockholm.
Balti meres talle kuuluvad saared Gotland ja Öland. Mandril Rootsi naabrid
on Norra ja Soome, aga kaugel pole ka Taani, Saksamaa ja Balti riigid - nad
asuvad üle Balti mere.
LOODUSLIKUD
TINGIMUSED
Rootsi kesk- ja
lõunaosa on killustatud tuhandete järvedega ja jõgedega ning
lääneosas on pikk mäeahelik. Jõgede ja järvede
pindala moodustab 9% ja mägede pindala 16% kogu pindalast. Kuna Rootsi on
hästi "venitatud" põhjast lõuna, siis on ka kliima
erinevates osades väga erinev. Põhjas on kogu aeg lumi,
lõunas aga kliima on suhteliselt mõõdukas. Selle kliima
põhimõjutajad on Põhja Atlandi voolus ning domineerivad
läänetuuled, mis puhuvad suhteliselt soojast Atlandi ookeanist.
Põhjas on märkavalt külmem kui lõunaosas, kuna seal on
palju mäestikke ning soe mereõhk lihtsalt ei ulata sinna.
Keskmine
õhutemperatuur veebruaris on natuke alla 0° C ning juulis 16° C. Suvel päev muutub pikemaks, öö
lühemaks ja talvel vastupidi.
Keskmine sade on
535 millimeetrit aastas. Kõige rohkem sademeid on augustis edela osas.
Rootsi hoolitseb
väga oma keskkonnast ja kavatseb sulgeda kõik oma
aatomelektrijaamad aastaks 2010, kuigi just nemad annavad praegu rohkema osa
elektrienergiast.
Naturaalsetest
resurssidest võib nimetada tsinki, uraani, rauamaaki,
RAHVASTIK
Rootsi rahvaarv on
8,9 milljonit inimest ja tihedus on umbes 20 inimest ühe ruutkilomeetri
kohta. Kuna põhjaosa on põhiliselt mägine ja suuremad linnad
asuvad lõunas, siis ka rahvas paikneb peamiselt lõunaosas. Suurem
linn on Stockholm - 700 tuhat elanikke. Keskmine meeste eluiga on 75 ning
naiste - 81 aastat. Kohaliku rahva arv on umbes 83%. Rahvajuurdekasv on
0,5-0,6%. Kirjaoskamatuid on alla 1%. Välismaalastest on kõige
rohkem soomlasi ( 2,3% ). Üle 65 aastaseid on 17,5%, üle 80
aastaseid 4,7% üldrahvaarvust.
Rootslaste
õppimiskulud on maailma kõige kõrgemate seas. Samas on ka
palju riigitoetusi hariduse saamiseks. Gümnaasiumi astuvad rohkem kui 90%
õpilastest. Samuti riik hoolitseb ka kodanike tervisest. Ka siin saavad
inimesed suured riigitoetused. Sellepärast suremus ongi üks
madalamaid maailmas: kuus surnut tuhande sündinute kohta.
MAJANDUS
Majandusarengu
järgi kuulub Rootsi Esimesse Maailma (e. Põhja Riikide hulka).
Rootsi majandus on kõige suurem Skandinaavia riikides. 1994.
aastal näis
riigieelarve järgmiselt:
SISSETULEK 47.9
miljardit USA dollarit
VÄLJAMINEK 70.9
miljardit USA dollarit
RKP ühe elaniku kohta on üks
suuremaid maailmas: 22 000 USD.
RKP harude järgi
võib näha diagrammil 1.
Sellest samast
diagrammist võib näha, et teenindusharud hõivavad umbes kaks
kolmandikku kogu RKP-st.
Keskmine kuupalk on
1100 USD ning tulumaks on sõltuvalt kuupalgast
31-46%.
KULUTUSED
PEREKONNA EELARVES (keskmised, %-des kuupalgast)
Elamu, k.a
elektrienergia ja kütus |
32 % |
Toitlustamine, k.a
kodust väljas |
17 % |
Transport |
15 % |
Meelelahutused |
9 % |
Riietus ja jalatsid |
6 % |
Mööbel ja
kodutehnika |
6 % |
Alkohoolsed joogid
ja tubakas |
5 % |
Hoolitsemine laste
ja vanurite eest, ravimine |
3 % |
Muu |
7 % |
Töötute arv
on meeste hulgas 7,7% ja naiste hulgas 7%.
Põhilised
tööstusharud on mootorsõidukite tootmine ( Rootsis on
sõiduautosid 3 619 000 tk. Ja see on kuueteistkümnes näitaja
maailmas), mets ja puidutooted, täppismehaanikatooted (elektroonika,
kuullaagrid jt), ümbertöödeldud toiduained.
Kõikide
metallide ammutamine toimub Rootsi põhjaosas, mägedes,
ülejäänute harudega tegeldatakse lõuna- ja edelaosas, kuna
kõik linnad (k.a ka tööstuslinnad) asuvad just seal.
Põllumajanduses
on domineeriv loomade kasvatamine koos piimatootmisega - need toovad 37% kogu
põllumajanduse tuludest. Põllumajandusega tegeldatakse
põhiliselt kagu osas, kuna seal on madalik, mis võimaldab sellega
tegeleda.
VÄLISMAJANDUSLIKUD
SIDEMED
1995. aastal astus
Rootsi Euroopa Liitu (EL) ja sellepärast praegused põhilised
äripartnerid on EL liikmed.
Eksportimispõhiliigid
on: masinatooted, mootorsõidukid, paberitooted,
mets ja puidutooted, tooted rauast ja terasest, kemikaalid, nafta ning
naftatooted.
Ekspordi partnerid
on EL riigid, eriti Saksamaa, Suurbritannia, Taani, Prantsusmaa, Soome ning
mõned teised riigid nagu USA ja Norra.
Importeerimise
põhiartiklid on: masinaehitustooted, nafta ning naftatooted,
kemikaalid, mootorsõidukid, raud ja teras, riietusesemed ning
toiduained.
Impordi partnerid
on põhiliselt samad mis ka ekspordi omad.
KASUTATUD
ALLIKAD
-Svenska
Institutet (Rootsi Instituut)
-RKP
andmed: World Bank World Tables (Maailma Panga maailma
tabelid)
-Pindala
andmed: 1994 Food and Agriculture Organization Production
Yearbook
-Microsoftâ Encartaâ
World Atlas 1998 Edition
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