Млечный
путь
Млечный путь,
или просто Галактика, является галактикой, в которой расположена Солнечная
система. Это - преграждённая спиральная галактика, которая является частью
Местной Группы галактик. Это - одна из миллиардов галактик в заметной
вселенной. Её имя - перевод латыни Через Lactea, в свою очередь переведенный с
греческого Γαλαξίας (Galaxias),
обращаясь к бледной группе света, сформированного звездами в галактической
плоскости, как замечено от Земли (см. этимологию галактики). Некоторые
источники считают, что, строго говоря, термин Млечный путь должен относится
исключительно к группе света, который галактика формирует в вечернем небе, в то
время как галактика должна получить полное имя «Галактика Млечного пути», или
альтернативно «Галактика». Однако, неясно, насколько широко распространено это
соглашение, и термин Млечный путь обычно используется в любом контексте.
Млечный путь
выглядит самым ярким в направлении созвездия Стрельца, к галактическому центру.
Относительно астрономического экватора она проходит на далекий север как
созвездие Кассиопеи и на далекий юг как созвездие южного Креста, указывая на
высокую склонность экваториальной плоскости Земли и эклиптической плоскости,
относительно галактической плоскости. Факт, что Млечный путь делит вечернее
небо на два примерно равных полушария, это означает, что Солнечная система
находится близко к галактической плоскости. У Млечного пути есть относительно
низкая поверхностная яркость из-за межзвездной среды, которая заполняет галактический
диск, и мешая нам видеть этот яркий галактический центр. Её трудно увидеть из
любой точки города или пригорода, которая подвержена загрязнению.
Чрезвычайно
трудно определить возраст Млечного пути, но возраст самой старой звезды в
галактике, все же обнаруженной, ОН 1523-0901, как оценивается, составляет
приблизительно 13.2 миллиардов лет, почти столь же старых как Вселенная
непосредственно.
Эта оценка
основана на исследовании командой астрономов в 2004 году, используя ультрафиолетовый,
оптический Спектрограф Эшели Очень Большого Телескопа, чтобы измерить, впервые,
содержание бериллия двух звезд в шаровидной группе NGC 6397. На это
исследование затрачено время между повышением первого поколения звезд во всей
галактике и первым поколением звезд, было выведено, что первой группе звёзд от
200 миллионов до 300 миллионов лет. Включением предполагаемого возраста звезд в
шаровидной группе (13.4 ± 0.8 миллиарда лет), они оценили возраст самых старых
звезд в Млечном пути в 13.6 ± 0.8 миллиарда лет. Основанный на этой
появляющейся науке, Галактический тонкий диск, как оценивается, был сформирован
между 6.5 и 10.1 миллиардов лет назад.
Галактика
состоит из основной области формы бара, окруженной диском газа, пыли и звезд,
формирующих четыре отличных строению рукава, растущих в логарифмической
спиральной форме, направленных наружу. Массовое распределение в пределах
галактики близко напоминает классификацию Бульканья Sbc, которая является
спиральной галактикой относительно свободного рукава. Астрономы сначала начали
подозревать, что Млечный путь - преграждённая спиральная галактика, а не
обычная спиральная галактика, в 1990-ых. Их подозрения были подтверждены
наблюдениями Космического телескопа Spitzer в 2005, которые показали
центральный бар галактики, он оказался больше, чем они ранее предполагали.
Масса
Млечного пути, как думают, является приблизительно 5.8 × 1011 солнечных
масс (М. ☉) включает 200 - 400 миллиардов звезд. Его
интегрированная абсолютная визуальная величина, как оценивалось, была −20.9.
Большая часть массы галактики, как думают, является темной материей, формируя
ореол темной материи приблизительно 600-3000 миллиардов м. ☉, который распространен относительно однородно.
The
Milky Way
The
Milky Way, or simply the Galaxy, is the galaxy in which the Solar System is
located. It is a barred spiral galaxy that is part of the Local Group of
galaxies. It is one of billions of galaxies in the observable universe. Its
name is a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn translated from the
Greek Γαλαξίας (Galaxias),
referring to the pale band of light formed by stars in the galactic plane as
seen from Earth (see etymology of galaxy). Some sources hold that, strictly
speaking, the term Milky Way should refer exclusively to the band of light that
the galaxy forms in the night sky, while the galaxy should receive the full name
Milky Way Galaxy, or alternatively the Galaxy. However, it is unclear how
widespread this convention is, and the term Milky Way is routinely used in
either context.
The
Milky Way looks brightest in the direction of the constellation of Sagittarius,
toward the galactic center. Relative to the celestial equator, it passes as far
north as the constellation of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation
of Crux, indicating the high inclination of Earth's equatorial plane and the
plane of the ecliptic relative to the galactic plane. The fact that the Milky
Way divides the night sky into two roughly equal hemispheres indicates that the
Solar System lies close to the galactic plane. The Milky Way has a relatively
low surface brightness due to the interstellar medium that fills the galactic
disk,and preventing us from seeing the bright galactic center.It is then
difficult to see from any urban or suburban location suffering from light
pollution.
It
is extremely difficult to define the age of the Milky Way but the age of the
oldest star in the galaxy yet discovered, HE 1523-0901, is estimated to be
about 13.2 billion years, nearly as old as the Universe itself.
This
estimate is based on research by a team of astronomers in 2004 using the
UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope to measure, for the
first time, the beryllium content of two stars in globular cluster NGC 6397.
From this research, the elapsed time between the rise of the first generation
of stars in the entire galaxy and the first generation of stars in the cluster
was deduced to be 200 million to 300 million years. By including the estimated
age of the stars in the globular cluster (13.4 ± 0.8 billion years), they
estimated the age of the oldest stars in the Milky Way at 13.6 ± 0.8 billion
years. Based upon this emerging science, the Galactic thin disk is estimated to
have been formed between 6.5 and 10.1 billion years ago.
The
galaxy consists of a bar-shaped core region surrounded by a disk of gas, dust
and stars forming four distinct arm structures spiralling outward in a
logarithmic spiral shape (see Spiral arms). The mass distribution within the
galaxy closely resembles the Sbc Hubble classification, which is a spiral
galaxy with relatively loosely-wound arms. Astronomers first began to suspect
that the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral
galaxy, in the 1990s. Their suspicions were confirmed by the Spitzer Space
Telescope observations in 2005 which showed the galaxy's central bar to be
larger than previously suspected.
The
Milky Way's mass is thought to be about 5.8 × 1011 solar masses (M☉) comprising 200 to 400 billion stars. Its integrated
absolute visual magnitude has been estimated to be −20.9. Most of the
mass of the galaxy is thought to be dark matter, forming a dark matter halo of
an estimated 600–3000 billion M☉ which is
spread out relatively uniformly.
Dictionary
barred-
[bɑːd] -преграждённый
brightness- ['braɪtnəs] -яркость
consists- [kən'sɪst]- состоит
constellation- [ˌkɔn(t)stə'leɪʃ(ə)n]- созвездие
distribution- [ˌdɪstrɪ'bjuːʃ(ə)n] -распределение
estimate- ['estɪmeɪt]- оценка
exclusively- [ɪks'kluːsɪvlɪ]- исключительно
globular- ['glɔbjulə]- шаровидный
inclination- [ˌɪnklɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n]- склонность
located- [ləu'keɪt]-
расположенный
logarithmic-
логарифмический
loosely-wound
- свободно-рана
magnitude- ['mægnɪt(j)uːd]- величина
observable
universe- [əb'zɜːvəbl]
['juːnɪvɜːs] - заметная вселенная
pollution- [pə'luːʃ(ə)n] - загрязнение
refer [rɪ'fɜː] - направлять; отсылать
relatively- ['relətɪvlɪ] - относительно
spiral- ['spaɪər(ə)l] - спираль
strictly- ['strɪktlɪ] - строго
structures- структуры
Suburban- [sə'bɜːb(ə)n] - пригородный
Suffering- ['sʌf(ə)rɪŋ] - страдание
Suspect- ['sʌspekt] - подозреваемый
Uniformly- однородно, равномерно
Widespread- ['waɪdspred] - широко распространенный
Retelling
The
basic theme of the given text, it Milky Way. Milky Way, or simply the Galaxy,
is the galaxy in which the Solar System is located. It is one of billions of
galaxies in the observable universe.
The
Milky Way looks brightest in the direction of the constellation of Sagittarius,
toward the galactic center. Relative to the celestial equator, it passes as far
north as the constellation of Cassiopeia and as far south as the constellation
of Crux, indicating the high inclination of Earth's equatorial plane and the
plane of the ecliptic relative to the galactic plane.
Unfortunately,
It is then difficult to see from any urban or suburban location suffering from
light pollution.
It
is extremely difficult to define the age of the Milky Way. But thanking the
UV-Visual Echelle Spectrograph of the Very Large Telescope to measure, It was
possible to define approximate age of our galaxy. the Galactic thin disk is
estimated to have been formed between 6.5 and 10.1 billion years ago!
Very
interestingly that, the Milky Way's mass is thought to be about 5.8 ×
1011 solar masses comprising 200 to 400 billion stars.
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