Introduction
The State System of any nation is not an artificial creation of some genius or simply the embodiment of different rational schemes. It is nothing else but a work of many centuries, a product of a national spirit, a political mentality and the consciousness of people.
I have chosen the topic because of its obvious importance. Ukraine is building a sovereign state and it is encounteing a lot of problems. Ukraine is suffering an overall deep crisis, trying to set herself free from the persistent inheritance of totalitarianism preying upon economic, politic, national self-consciousness. There is no universally efficient remedy to help the Ukrainian society out of this grave condition. The process of recovery will be long and arduous. Moreover, the country’s eventual deliverance from totalitarian inheritance and its harmonious entry into civilized world community remain for that matter, hardly practicable at all, unless political culture is humanized, and political education of such a kind propagated that would help society overcome the backwardness, the pre-modernity of prevailing visions of justice, democracy, law and order, and the relationship of the individual and the state.
It is quite clear that in the process of democracy formation a lot of problems connected with it will inevitably appear. Many of them already exist. In this solution, a considered usage of foreign experience can help the Ukrainian community to optimize the processes essential for the transitional period from one political system to another, and not to allow the social prevailing tensions to develop into a national civil crisis. And it will also help to save time and resources.
The Main Part.
A system of power is a complex of organically connected and bonded together governmental bodies, establishments and persons given the highest authority, and also political parties and organizations, directly having the power and putting it into life. The sources of power in a democratically organized community are its people, and its system. First of all, key figures within this structure should be under control of the people. This system is the core of legal functioning and serves as the foundation of state and public life. Its main parts are legislative and executive power.
If we want finally to live as normal people, we should seriously think which system of power we subject to and how is it possible to improve it, how to make it suitable for the interests of our people and what can be taken from foreign, world experience. But one of the main problems is that we are not the only ones, who don’t have a good system of modern power. Humanity hasn’t yet worked out a suitable and ideal system. That is why we should build our own power by considering all positive and negative aspects of the world’s system and our one. But we should not forget that a power works well only when its authority is clearly and definitely determined.
Let’s compare our system of power with the British one to see whether it is competent enough and how well organized it is.
The Political System Of England
The organs of goverment in the United Kingdom of Great Britian are:
1) the legislature, which consists of the Queen in Parliament, and is the supreme authority of the realm;
2) the executive, wich consist of:
a) the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown, who are responsible for initiating and directing national policy;
b) Government departments, most of them under the control of ministers, and all staffed by civil servants, who are responsible for administration at the national level;
c) local authorities, who administer and manage many services at the local level;
d) statutory boards, which are responsible for the operation of particular nationalized industries or public services;
e) “shadow cabinet” which is the directing and leading body of the oppositional group.
The most interesting and important aspect of the British political system, its pecularity, lies in its division of powers.
It is common knowledge that Great Britain, having the oldest Parliament in the world, has one of the most stable and effective political regimes of our time. Its stability is mostly the result of the division of powers, which, by the the way, is not the exeption from the general rule.
The main idea of this variant lies in the following: the principle of the demarcation (division) is combined with a principle of interaction. And its principle is fixed in the British system of power not as something abstract, but institutionally. I mean a special center, a linking section, which brings together the legislating and executing powers, and at the same time is the center of making important political decisions. Surely, it is the Cabinet and its leader which are at the head of the whole executive system of the state.
The main 4 principles of division of powers are:
1) sovereignty of the Parliament, as the highest body of political management;
2) the leading role of the Cabinet and the government in the legislative process;
3) a strict Parliamentary and commitee control of the legislative branch;
4) a special role given to the State Machinery, which not only executes the instructions, but also influences a political process.
So, as we see, the legislators provide the execution of the laws and resolutions of the Parliament by controlling the State machinery, and in its turn, the state machinery participates in the legislative process, providing its preparatory stage (by doing a spade-work).
British Parliament.
The Comparison Of Two Political Systems:
Ukrainian And British Ones.
1. The first distinction may seem to be the form of rule:
Ukraine is a respublic. And Britain, as you probably know, is considered to be a parliamentary monarchy.
The Queen is the personification of the U.K. By law, she is the head of the executive branch, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crown and the temporal head of the established Church of England. But in practice, as a result of a long evolutionary process, these powers have changed. Today, the queen acts only on the advice of her Ministers which she cannot constitutionally ignore. In fact she reigns but she doesn’t rule.
However, the monarchy has a good deal more power than is commonly supposed. There remain certain discretionary powers in the hands of the monarch, known as the Royal Prerogative.
2. The Ukrainian and the British Parliaments have at least four similar functions:
a) to work out legislation, including the creation of a budget;
b) to control the government;
c) to represent and respond to public opinion;
d) to influence actively the people by acquainting them openly with the facts, concerning the accepted desisions.
The difference lies in the electoral systems and the rules for recalling the government.
But there is also one more remarkable peculiarity of the Ukrainian Parliament: the political history of Ukraine does not know any potent legislative bodies (we can hardly take into account the experience of the Soviet Congress ).
3. Both Ukraine and Britain are countries with the representative democracy (which means that the people delegate power to the bodies, which act on their behalf).
The difference is, that Britain has a parliamentary form of government, and Ukraine, in its turn, has a so-called “semi-presidential” form. The main distinctions of this forms are shown in the table, given below.
The British parliamentary form
The Ukrainian “semi-pesidential” form
1. The election solves two questions:
On one hand, the forming of the Parliament. And on the other hand, the creation of the Government and different coalitions.
1. The election solves just one question:
Either the problem of forming the Parliament or the creation of the Government.
2. The Government is formed only by the Parliament.
2. The Government is formed by both the President and the Parliament.
3. The executive Power is separated.
3. The executive Power is not separated.
4. Unlike Britain, Ukraine has different bodies of legislative and executive power, and one body doesn’t interfere with the activity of the other.
5. The negative features of the British system may seem to be too much power in the hands of Prime Minister and rather uncontrolled local government.
Summary
Having compared two political systems, I have come to the conclusion that the form and the level of development of the systems are influenced greatly by the history of the State. The second factor is that of evaluationary progress, which usually improves the existing order and makes it more democratic.
Having analysed two state systems, I have noticed the tendency towards the reinforcement of the executive power and a lessening of the legislative power. But still, parliament remains an integral institution in a democratic society.
I have studied the British political experience concerning the division of powers and I can say that with all its originality, the British System is not something unique or exceptional. This system should be taken as the foundation stone of the cooperation of two powers in countries with a representative democracy.
The reason for the lasting discussion of this problem in the Ukrainian Parliament lies not only in involving the interests of powerful persons. Actually, it is the result of the “amateur” level to understand this problem.
Списоклитературы
1. Основи держави і права України, 1993
2. M.Y.Mezey Comparative Legislatures, Durham, 1979
3. Политические исследования, Полис, 1992
4. П.О.Бех Англійська мова, Либідь, 1992
5. A book of Britain, Просвещение, 1977
6. Деловая жизнь // Правда, 1991
7. Entony Sempson Anatomy of Britain, 1992
8. Мировая экономика и международные отношения, Наука, 1993
Для подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта bibliofond
Другие работы по теме:
Example of Church-State cooperation
The Agreement on cooperation between the State Antinarcotics’ committee and Russian Orthodox Church was signed on 21.12.2010. On December, 21st, 2010 has taken place the next session of the State antinarcotics’ committee of Federal Department of the Russian Federation on control over drug trafficking.
Pros Of Welfare Reform Essay Research Paper
Pros of Welfare Reform In the summer of 1996, Congress finally passed and the President signed the “Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996″, transforming the nation’s welfare system. The passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act sets the stage for ongoing reconstruction of welfare systems on a state-by-state basis.
Freedom Essay Research Paper State of Nature
Freedom Essay, Research Paper State of Nature To trigger off any philosophy on what should be the characteristics of the state we must first imagine living in a state of nature (living with the lack of a state). Since we cannot trace back to any time that we’ve been without government, we must imagine what it would be like in a state of nature.
Same Thing Different Price Essay Research Paper
Same Thing, Different Price What can I say about college life? It is one of those times where you will spend the most money you will ever spend in your life. It becomes even more expensive when you have to pay out of state fees. Out of state students should not have to pay for these fees. Simply because the students are paying for the same classes that the in state students are paying for.
Electoral College 2 Essay Research Paper Electoral
Electoral College 2 Essay, Research Paper Electoral College: It s time for reform It s not fair. It s not fair to the candidates running for office, not fair to the campaign volunteers and especially not fair to the American people. Although the Electoral College System was originally considered to be a brilliant innovation that cleverly solved a cluster of 18th-century problems, as we approach the 21st century, we confront different problems and our constitutional system of presidential selection does not look so brilliant.
Us Democracy Essay Research Paper Ant V
Us Democracy Essay, Research Paper Ant? V. Williams Political Science 1101 February 1, 2001 It’s Not Right, Get Rid of It In theory, the United States became a democracy when we signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776. This theory is not true. The textbook defines a democracy as a system of government in which ultimate political authority is vested in the people, of course you know that this is just not so.
Day Care In New York And How
It Is Improving Essay, Research Paper Currently there are only about twelve or so day-care investigators on Long Island, whose responsibilities are to inspect and monitor all 1,659
The State Essay Research Paper The state
The State Essay, Research Paper The state is like God, some believe that it?s the all mighty powerful being that controls all and others just think it?s a big overblown idea. The idea of the state (and God) is fairly confusing but rarely ever challenged, except by those rare few who seem to form their own opinions.
Electoral College Is No Longer A Functional
System Essay, Research Paper The electoral college has been our method of electing presiden’s sinc eth constitution was formed. With increasing popoulations and the addition of third parties, it can be
Electoral College 2 Essay Research Paper The
Electoral College 2 Essay, Research Paper The Undisputable Necessity for the Electoral College Criticism as to the relevancy of the Electoral College system used in our presidential elections has been around since the implementation of the system into our constitution. This criticism, however, is without true reason and common sense added into these assumptions.
Electoral College System Essay Research Paper After
Electoral College System Essay, Research Paper After the last presidential election, which is still underway apparently, there is much controversy over what should happen to the Electoral College system. There are people who say that the Electoral College is good but should be modified to meet the needs of the modern world.
All Public Schools Are Not Created Equal
Essay, Research Paper In the United States, education is offered at all levels from pre-kindergarten to graduate school. Elementary and secondary education involves twelve years of schooling the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma. A distinct feature of the American educational system is its decentralized organization.
Electoral College Essay Research Paper ELECTORAL COLLEGEElectoral
Electoral College Essay, Research Paper ELECTORAL COLLEGE Electoral College, the constitutional system for the ELECTION of the PRESIDENT and VICE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. It is the collective name for a group of electors, nominated by political parties within the states and popularly elected, who meet to vote for those two offices.
Socialism And Capitalism Essay Research Paper What
Socialism And Capitalism Essay, Research Paper What is the difference between socialism and capitalism? Is socialism more moral than capitalism? To answer these questions we need to look at both systems and there definitions. Socialism is an economic system in which there is no private property and the state owns all the factors of production.
The Balance Of Power Theory Essay Research
Paper The Balance of Power Theory The most critical and obvious feature of international affairs is its state of anarchy. The international stage features many indepent actors each
The Federal Reserve Essay Research Paper The
The Federal Reserve Essay, Research Paper The Federal Reserve System ?The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. It was founded by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.?
Functional Education System Essay Research Paper Sam
Functional Education System Essay, Research Paper Sam Bertolami British Literature 4th Period 8-10-00 When I accepted the position of Secretary of Education I was asked to design and create an education system that is works. Unfortunately it is my belief that no one person can create a fully functional system of education.
American Education System
– Decentralized Organization Essay, Research Paper AMERICAN EDUCATION SYSTEM DECENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION In the United States, education is offered at all levels from prekindergarten to graduate school. Elementary and secondary education involves twelve years of schooling the successful completion of which leads to a high school diploma.
Marble Cake Essay Research Paper in political
Marble Cake Essay, Research Paper in political scince, Federalism is defined as a government devided between two or more levels of power. the united states of america is one of the nations that utilizes such system. the United States system is a three level government. Politians are devided on how to represent the sytem. some say that it is a layered system where the federal government is on top, followed by the state government, then the local governemt. this model suggests that there is a chain of power where the federal government has to go through the state government in order to interact with the local government and vice versa. however, it is evedent that this is not the case. one example is when the local government apply for federal loans without refering to the state governments. another example is when the federal government reaches to the local government directly without
Our Political System Essay Research Paper Our
Our Political System Essay, Research Paper Our Political System Government Institutions and Public Policy By definition, any government is the individuals, institutions, and process that makes and enforces the rules of society. Government has the responsibility to provide for public good, police powers, public services, taxes, and most importantly, to protect the power of the people.
Forms Of Government Essay Research Paper Forms
Forms Of Government Essay, Research Paper Forms of Government Communism: A theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members. A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.
Metric System Essay Research Paper Metric SystemThe
Metric System Essay, Research Paper Metric System The Metric System, also known as the System Internationale (SI) was developed in France in 1799. The Metric System was created because the French and English were not in agreement politically, therefore the French did not want anything to do with the English including their system of measurements.
Cohen Vs Virginia Essay Research Paper is
Cohen Vs Virginia Essay, Research Paper is Cohens vs. Virginia, in which the question arose as to the right of the Supreme Court to exercise its appellate jurisdiction over the judgment of a state court involving the validity of state legislation. The contention of the counsel for the state struck at the very root of the judicial system of the Union, with its authority to review state decisions which involved the binding effect of the Federal Constitution and laws: and so to the discussion of this fundamental question Marshall brought his heaviest artillery.
Drugs In The Prison System Essay Research
Paper Drugs and Alcohol in the Untied State prison system In the Untied States most of the prison population are people that have been involved with Alcohol or some form of drugs. Many of them were high or drunk at the time of there arrest. Most of them only did the crimes to be able to support there drug and alcohol addiction.
Indian Police System Essay Research Paper Indian
Indian Police System Essay, Research Paper Indian Police System The Indian constitution assigns responsibility for maintaining law and order to the states and territories, and almost all routine policing, including apprehension of criminals, is carried out by state-level police forces. The constitution also permits the central government to participate in police operations and organization by authorizing the maintenance of the Indian Police Service.
Was The Articles Of Confederation An Efficent
Form Of Government? Essay, Research Paper The articles of confederation were a somewhat effective form of governmnt for the newly founded united states. It was ineffective in many
ROe V Wade Essay Research Paper Daniel
ROe V Wade Essay, Research Paper Daniel DellaCroce Law and the Legal System Roe v. Wade 410 U.S. 113 The case of Roe v. Wade started back in the state of Texas. This was where a single pregnant woman brought a class action challenging the constitutionality of the Texas abortion laws. This is where in Texas it is a criminal offense to have an abortion.
If I Were President Essay Research Paper
If I Were President If I were president as a teenager of course, my changes would benefit my age group. Shorter school days and air conditioning in all the schools should be mandatory. Lower the drinking age to 18 because if you can die for your country and choose your countries leaders, you should be able to choose to drink.
Articles Of Confederation Essay Research Paper Soon
Articles Of Confederation Essay, Research Paper Soon after the Revolutionary War in America, a new government was started when the Articles of Confederation (Articles) were adopted by the Continental Congress. The Articles set up a democratic government that gave the States the power to make their own laws and to enforce them.