Explain how Hitler made use of racism to carry out domestic and foreifn policy between 1928 and 1941Throughout Nazi Germany in the period 1928 through to 1941, racism was utilized by Hitler, and in turn his Nazi party, most predominantly to secure Hitler?s position as dictator, and secondly to unite the German people against a common enemy, which would lead to a united powerful state, ready and able to exert its national will. Whether or not his aims were totalitarian in nature is debatable, however, his aims for racial purification and domination over Eastern Europe are made obvious before Hitler?s assumption of power, primarily in the racist crude writings of Mein Kampf, and even from Moellers? Des drittes Reich from the 1920?s. It can be said, therefore, though Hitler may not have been successful in achieving a totalitarian state, he may certainly have desired it. Constantly, it is made obvious, through his use of racism in both Domestic and foreign policy that Hitler?s ultimate aim, was total power, both for himself and his master race – the Volksgeminschaft. Hitler’s use of racism is continually evident from the beginning of his comings to power, through till his attack on the Soviet Union in June of 1941. Racism, was initially used by Hitler to identify his sympathizers, and most predominant to unite the German people again public internal enemy number one – The Jews. Anti-semitism, anti-communism and attacks on several other minority groups ranging from slavs to democrats, provided Hitler with the Stab-in-the -back theory post World War One, and provides and excuse for defeat with the treaty of Versailles. Being that Nazi philosophy is essentially social dawanism targeted again the Jews and Bolsheviks, providing valid excuses and moral reasons for any attack on, or failure of the German race, the fittest of them all, against minority groups was a legitimate claim and justification for exclusion of these peoples. Hitler used racism to appeal to the pre existing bitter and aggressive side of German nature, thus securing his position as dictator and reuniting his people.
Securing his position as the all powerful dictator, or F?hrer, is central to all of Hitler’s policy decisions, be they foreign or domestic, and this was achieved through his, and the Nazi?s use of racism. Initially, Hitler used persecution and hatred of minorities such as Jews and communists to identify his sympathizers and supporters throughout the Government and general population, mainly young people and big business, and utilized this power, and appeal to secure his position as chancellor and later president of a united Germany. Racism also provided a strong focal point for the unruly and aggressive element in the thugs of German streets, which Hitler was to use as his initial cadres. These violent youth later formed Hitler?s S.A. headed by R?hm, a clear example of Hitler securing power through racism. Central to Hitler’s aims, obsessions and indeed goals, was an united and ultimately strong volksgemeinschaft, or peoples community. Second to achieving personal power, creating and proving the strength of his nation, was a continual aim throughout Hitler’s reign. The fundamental philosophy of the Nazi?s being racial purity, Hitler sought to rebuild the pure master race of Aryans, who throughout History had been threatened, in Hitler’s eyes, by Jews, liberalism, Marxism, humanism and Bolshevism. According to Hitler’s strong belief in social darwanism, and essential German Romantic philosophy, with particular reference to Friedrich Nieche, he sought to conquer Lebensraum to the east, for mostly the Ukraine, which would make Germany economically and militarily unassailable, as well as claim back the racially superior ethnic Germans, who had been assaulted and excluded from Germany the Nation, by the treaty of Versailles. Hitler utilized racism, to prove to Germans that they could once again assert their god given will, and thus secured his position as all powerful F?hrer and ultimate dominator of German society. Again, persecution of minority groups were used as a moral basis and justification for Hitler’s ursurption of power and annexation of other territories, namely Austria, as well as the plan for conquering Lebensraum to the East. Victimization of the Jews and communists later provided a common bond for Germans local, ethnic and otherwise and strengthened Hitler’s notion of Volksgeminschaft, in which, all those ?racially impure? were most conspicuously excluded from. Firstly through the boycotting of Jewish business, then later through the Nuremburg Laws, and pogroms such as Kristallnacht.
Hitler however, did not spring Anti-semitism on the German people. He made his views on the issues of domination and inferiority of the ?anti-races? clear from the very beginning. His racist and in part incoherent rambling in Mein Kampf underline his ideas of Jews and bolsheviks as parasites, and maggots eating away at the German people. He promotes the anti race as having their ? ultimate goal is the denuralization, the promiscuous bastardization of other people, the lowering of the racial level of the highest peoples. .? which provides Hitler’s with a moral excuse for exclusion and later systematic annihilation of the public enemy number one. If his early speeches can be referred to as policies, continual references to the ridiculous notion of a jewish-bolshevik conspiracy are made, and provide the basis for the later exclusion of these people, from Government, culture, civil services, and later even citizenship. Being that communism is essential anti-religion, the idea of a communist Jewish conspiracy is contradictory in the first instance. In Adolf Hitler?s speech of April 12, 1921, he makes reference to the ?bloating? and greed of the Jew, and communist as they feed from the suffering German, Implying that he will rid the united people of this parasite, and recognizing himself as F?hrer, and justifying ridding Germany of these people, in return for strength both to himself as leader, and to the German people. Although, Hitler did make his position on racial purity clear from his beginning writings, it had been hoped, by notably Hindenburg and Papen, that once in a position of power, that Hitler would let go, somewhat of globally unacceptable racial slandering. This, however was not the case. In a speech to other nations, Hitler asserted his position as ruler, and commented on the global reaction to the Jews. He also reasserted his opinion of them as an inferior race, and that this should be recognized by all super countries such as Britain and America. Racism was used in conjunction with socialism to assert his position ?The Jewish watchword of ?workers of the world unite? will be conquered by a higher realization, namely ?workers of all classes and of all nations recognize your common enemy!??
Coinciding with Hitler’s belief in the darwanistic theory of ?survival of the fittest?, Governing and power in Nazi Germany, was very much based on competition, between overlapping institutions both prerogative and traditional. It is mentioned by Kershaw, that Hitler :authorized more than initiated? and this can be seen to be true in several issues. Hitler was renowned for announcing and idea over lunch, and having one hopeful inferior have it implemented in policy form by that afternoon. If competition governed relations between Hitler’s subordinates, which it can be seen to do, then it was competition based on a clear understanding of the broad policy agenda, and in no area was this more decidedly true than in Jewish Policy. It is in this was that measures taken with relation to the Soviet Union and the transition to systematic extermination of the Jews and Bolsheviks came into play, through Hitler’s use of Racism and securing power for himself and his ultimate nation.
Through study of Hitler’s increasing power though the utilization of Racism, one reaches the question of weather or not this was with the intent of transforming Germany into a totalitarian state, or merely confirming Hitler’s position and securing power. Though a complete totalitarian state was never achieved in Hitler?s Germany, there is evidence to suggest that through racism and other means, Hitler certainly made an attempt. Douglas Newton comments t hat during Gleischaltung, following Hitler?s assumption of power that all signs of opposition were crushed, which we know to be true examples such as policies like the Enabling Act (1933) and the Law Against the New Establishment of Parties (1933), that he imposed structures to create a total society, that is, a society intensely loyal and synonymous with Nazism, and furthermore actively assisting the regime to realize its goals. In this way, again, Hitler used Racism to identify who the total society consisted of, what their actual goals were, and who they could focus hatred, negativity and bitterness on, the common enemy of German socialists everywhere. It is also suggested by Newton, that Hitler?s own assertion of the ?F?hrer principal and G?bbels promotion of the F?hrer myth furthered Hitler’s power, and status as ?master of the third Reich. It is further made apparent, that Hitler’s own goals and aims including anti Semitism, hatred of Marxism, and ultimate desire to expand at the expense of the East, centrally the Soviet Union were absolutely decisive, showing that ?Nazism was indeed totalitarianism and was synonymous with ?hitlerism??. Which from examination of Mein Kampf and is speeches in relation to policy and the Reich, make abundantly clear. Over and over again, it can be seen that Hitler attempts to infiltrate all sectors of German society with his insiduous racism, and anti Semitism. Nowhere is this more clear then in the example with the Reich Chamber of Culture Law, which hinged the professional activity in literature, the arts, press, theater and music on membership in a corresponding ?chamber?. Such membership was denied to Jews. The institutionalization of all aspects of life, ranging from culture to youth, to even motherhood, and the exclusion of Jews in all of these areas, furthers the understanding or utilizing racism to achieve totalitarianism.
Throughout numerous examples, during the Nazi period 1928 through 1941 it is made constantly apparent, that Hitler, and the Nazi party, utilized the powerful force of racism and anti Semitism in a down trodden and naturally aggressive society, to further his power, unify the nation and perhaps achieve totalitarianism, in several different ways. From the mere exclusion of Jews and other minorities form the Volksgemienshaft, to the systematic annihilation and genocide, the German people were united against public enemy number one, by a luck man hoping to further his positions as leader and F?hrer of what he believed to e the most willful nation of them all.
BibliographyNewon, Douglas Germany 1918 – 1945 Shakespeare head press 1990
McCallum, Anne Democracy t o Dictatorship Heinemann, 1992
history.ac.uk/ihr/reviews/gregorNeil.htmlus-israel/jsource/Holocaust/hitler.html
Другие работы по теме:
Racism Essay Research Paper Nazism
Racism Essay, Research Paper Nazism “Death seemed to guard all exits.” This motto defined the death of millions of Europeans between 1941 and 1945. As Nazi Germany gained control of one country after another in
Genocide Essay Research Paper The Germans and
Genocide Essay, Research Paper The Germans and the non-Jewish world treated the Jewish people horribly. They looked for freedom, growth, and a better government after World War I. Instead, Jews became prisoners of their own country in Germany. They were put into concentration camps even though they helped Germany by fighting in World War I.
Joseph Cebula Essay Research Paper Blessed Josef
Joseph Cebula Essay, Research Paper Blessed Josef Cebula Father Cebula lived in Poland and in the latter stages of his life his country was greatly affected by World War II. Over 107 polish martyrs died in the Nazi concentration camps during the war.
Racism Essay Research Paper The understanding of
Racism Essay, Research Paper The understanding of prejudice can lead to us removing of racism and discrimination in our country. Stereotyping, or forming a set of characteristics thought to be common to all members of a certain group, leads to prejudice influencing the observer to be part of a group rather than an individual.
Racsim Essay Research Paper Racism is a
Racsim Essay, Research Paper Racism is a very big issue. I think most people say things without realising they are being racist. This doesn t excuse their behaviour but most people
Racism Essay Research Paper Racism has become
Racism Essay, Research Paper Racism has become one of the many burdens amongst multi-cultural countries all over the world. Racism is a part of each and every one of us. No doubt, we are all racist, but this term racism has been used too loosely. Racism has been changed to such an extent that it could be a reason for war, a symbol of terrorism, and even an excuse for neglecting.
Anti Racist Essay Research Paper I totally
Anti Racist Essay, Research Paper I totally agree with that statement. The way that I have been brought up and how my parents have raised me. I am against all of those organizations. Now why would you want to be a racist? I can’t see how any person or group of people could be so angry at someone that they could beat them up based just on the persons color or religious background.
American History X Essay Research Paper Racism
American History X Essay, Research Paper Racism can be defined as the belief that one race is superior to all other races. Racism has been around for centuries however, today there are not as many openly prejudice people. Some are racist against others merely because the color of another s skin color or religious differences.
Racism Still Burning In America Essay Research
Paper Racism: Still Burning in America Racism. This topic has been and will continue to be the controversial topic of every generation. Why? The answer is very clear. Racism is very much alive and is felt all over America. We, as a nation, continue to search for constructive ways to challenge racism and some even have the hope that someday all races will be able to experience the true freedom this country claims to have.
A Fourth Reich Essay Research Paper A
A Fourth Reich? Essay, Research Paper A Fourth Reich? Is the idea of a recurrence of the Holocaust realistic, or is this just an empty threat? According to Roskin, the Holocaust, or A Fourth Reich, is possible, but most likely improbable. He says the Neo-Nazi groups being formed in Germany at this time are nothing to be concerned with because they will never re-establish the power that Hitler once possessed.
Ethnic Cleansing Essay Research Paper The first
Ethnic Cleansing Essay, Research Paper The first and most important human right is the right to live, but sometimes others bend the rules, and this is when genocide begins. Crimes against humanity have been around for many generations, including ours. The genocide against the Armenians by the Ottoman Turks in 1915 was because the Turkish authorities wanted to eliminate the Armenian presence in the country.
Hmmmm Essay Research Paper Almost every day
Hmmmm Essay, Research Paper Almost every day of my life I am bombarded with concepts that are sometimes so incredible, my jaw drops and I am left in dazed wonderment. Sometimes the things I learn are so “out there” that I ask
Third Reich Essay Research Paper The Third
Third Reich Essay, Research Paper The Third Reich The Nazi state (Third Reich) was a brutal dictatorship established with Hitler s appointment as Chancellor in 1933. By 1936, Hitler had destroyed the government of the Weimar Republic established in 1919 at the end of the First World War), suppressed all political parties except the Nazi party, and consolidated the government of Germany under his control as Fuhrer (leader).
Machiavelli Vs Arendt Essay Research Paper Tales
Machiavelli Vs. Arendt Essay, Research Paper Tales There are some similarities between Machiavelli’s, “Qualities of the Prince,” and Arendt’s, “Ideology and Terror.” Hannah Arendt’s piece deals with governmental leadership using totalitarianism as its backbone. Machiavelli’s piece deals with how a prince should properly keep his power over the country in which he rules.
Stalingrad Essay Research Paper Stalingrad was a
Stalingrad Essay, Research Paper Stalingrad was a key city in Russia s defenses and Germany s aspirations of conquering eastern Europe. As a port city on the Volga, Stalingrad s location proved to be important during World War II. Its heavy industry gave Germany a strong motive for invading the city. Stalingrad also was well known as an important center of communication.
Aushwitz Essay Research Paper AUSCHWITZBY CHRISTOPHER JAMES
Aushwitz Essay, Research Paper AUSCHWITZ CHRISTOPHER JAMES The Nazis establishes Auschwitz in April 1940, under the orders of Heinrich Himmler. Heinrich Himmler was in charge of two Nazi organizations. The camp at Auschwitz originally housed political prisoners from occupied Poland and various concentration camps from within Germany.
Why The Jews Essay Research Paper Why
Why The Jews Essay, Research Paper Why the Jews? People frequently ask why the Jews were the target of the Holocaust or why the Holocaust happened. The first is an easy question to answer. Jews were the targets of the Holocaust because Hitler hated Jews and blamed them for all of the problems in the world. He especially blamed them for Germany’s loss of World War I.
Racism Today Essay Research Paper Emily BuckRacism
Racism Today Essay, Research Paper Emily Buck Racism Today There is an underlying problem that is promoting racism. It is the fact that a lot of people believe, and try to make themselves believe, that racism no longer exists. Many people today live their lives oblivious to what is happening in the world around them, often trying to convince themselves that racism is not a problem in their world.
Versailles Treaty Essay Research Paper Treaty of
Versailles Treaty Essay, Research Paper Treaty of Versailles The treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed at the end of World War I between Germany and the Allies. It was negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference held in Versailles beginning January 18, 1919. The allies represented were the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy.
150 Nazi Essay Research Paper 1 Hitler
150% Nazi Essay, Research Paper 1. Hitler demanded that the nation produce a “violently active, dominating, intrepid, brutal youth.” What part did the schools play in carrying out that
Effects Of The Treaty Of Versailles On
Germany Essay, Research Paper The Effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany World War I was one of the bloodiest and deadliest wars of all time. Many agreed that there were to be no more wars hence a treaty was signed. However, the contents of the treaty were not to Germany?s favour. The treaty of Versailles had a great role in Germany?s decision and desire to enter into war.
Naziess Essay Research Paper Nazi War Criminals
Naziess Essay, Research Paper Nazi War Criminals Still Out ThereAs you walk by and look at hundreds of people everyday, just think, one of these people could have helped Hitler’s Nazi Party. One of them could have been in charge of sentencing thousands of Jew’s to death each day. These heartless terrible people could be walking around in disguise.
To Kill A Mockingbird Effects Of Racism
) Essay, Research Paper To Kill a Mockingbird is a wonderfully written book by Harper Lee. It takes place in the 1930?s which was a time that was known for its racism. The following essay will explain how racism effected certain characters in the book.
Speaker
#3 Essay, Research Paper He was born on Essen of Germany. He was an ordinary citizen of Germany. The keyword to this essay is that word “was.” After the NAZI came into power, he was treated as an “inferior race.” He did not beat anyone up or abuse anyone. So, why was he being treated badly? He was a Jewish person in a new era.
Propaganda And Censorship Essay Research Paper Propaganda
Propaganda And Censorship Essay, Research Paper Propaganda and Censorship The Nazi=s used many different types of propaganda and used various methods to censor. These included, the press, the radio, loud speakers, books, theatre, art and music, rallies and campaigns and films.
Swing Kids Essay Research Paper Swing Kids
Swing Kids Essay, Research Paper Swing Kids was a disturbing film exposing the techniques of the nazi dictatorship in Germany during the early 1900?s. Peter, the main character is a student arrested for a petty theft. he was forced to join the Hitler Jugen (Nazi youth group) in order to avoid casting suspicion on his family.
Racism Essay Research Paper RacismWhat is racism
Racism Essay, Research Paper Racism What is racism? Racism is the mistreatment of a group of people on the basis of race, colour, and religion. The term racism may also mean a blind and pointless hatred, envy or prejudice.
Race And Racism Essay Research Paper Racism
Race And Racism: Essay, Research Paper Racism? What is racism? Why is there racism? And how can we get rid of it? These are the three questions that are important when talking about racism. In order to understand racism you must understand why there is racism. The author, Gloria Yamato, says that the main reason why we have racism is because people want to have a sense of power and privilege over another group.
Huck Essay Research Paper Elements of Racism
Huck Essay, Research Paper Elements of Racism in Huckleberry Finn Despite all the criticism, of racism and other questionable material for young readers, Mark Twain?s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn is a superbly written novel, which in the opinion of this reviewer should not be remove the literary cannon.
Fascism In Germany Essay Research Paper Reasons
Fascism In Germany Essay, Research Paper Reasons for the Rise of Fascism in Germany The economic collapse of Germany after 1929 (main reason) The lack of democratic roots in Germany Under the Weimar republic It was impossible to secure a majority in parliament (this depicted democracy as a weak Gov. system) The president had the authority to declare a state of emergency (Hitler used Hindenburg’s ability to do this in order to establish his dictatorship) The fear of communism (Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor as a result of such fears) The Nazis exploited the weakness of the Weimar system and often used violence against their opponents The Nazis made use of propaganda to shape public opinion The Nazis used resentment against the Versaille Settlement to their ends.
Human Rights Essay Research Paper Human RightsThroughout
Human Rights Essay, Research Paper Human Rights Throughout history, people?s human rights have been violated, but efforts have also been made to address the violations, and protect their rights. Human rights are rights as regarded as belonging fundamentally to all persons. Today, everyone is entitled to the same rights.
How Did The Nazi Party Get So
Big? Essay, Research Paper Hitler’s Nazi party came to power almost entirely because of accidents. In 1929 the American Stock Market crashed, a powerful symbol of the growing
Hitlers Germany Essay Research Paper One reason
Hitlers Germany Essay, Research Paper One reason the people of Germany accepted Hitler’s orders willingly and without question was beause it was what they wanted to hear. At the time the depression