Co2 Lasers Essay, Research Paper
Carbon Dioxide Lasers
Carbon dioxide lasers are one of the most powerful lasers ever constructed. The word ?LASER? stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers are devices that amplify light and produce light beams, ranging from infrared to ultraviolet. A light beam is consistent when its waves or photons, increase while mixing together. Laser light can be extremely intense, highly directional and very pure in color. Gas lasers such as the carbon dioxide laser is made active by ultraviolet light, electron beams, electric current. Lasers, in the future, will be used tremendously in the hospitals, research, military, and even in our homes.
Albert Einstein, in 1917, was the first to develop the process for laser action. In 1958, American physicists Arthur Schawlow and Charles Hard develop the working principles of lasers. Another American physicist Theodore Maiman observed the first laser action in a solid ruby, in 1960. A year later a helium-neon gas laser was constructed by Ali Javan. Then in 1966 a liquid laser was built by Peter Sorokin. With the inventions of different types of lasers developed by the previous mentioned physicist, lasers are generally classified as solid state, gas, semiconductor, or liquid.
The laser of a gas can be a pure gas, a mixture of gases or even metal vapor and is contained in a cylindrical glass or tube. Two mirrors are positioned outside the ends of the tube to form the laser. Gas lasers are pumped by ultra violet light, electron beams, electric current, or chemical reactions(Britannica Junior Encyclop?dia v.9 p.72) The carbon dioxide lasers are very efficient and they are the most powerful laser. These high powered lasers are measured in WATTs and KILOWATTS. Not mattering the size of the laser, a laser the size of a neon tube will constantly produce for ten seconds of WATTs.
A larger laser is mainly used in the metalworking for the industry business. It is used for welding, cutting, annealing, and more with a production of up to thirty KILOWATTS or more. Because the power of the carbon dioxide laser it has become valuable tools in industry, scientific research, communication, medicine, the military and the arts. A powerful laser beam can be directed to a small spot with a large powerful ray. The focused beams can heat, melt or vaporize material in a clear manner. Lasers have been used to drill holes in diamonds to shape machine tools, to cut fashion patterns and attempt to controlled nuclear fusion. The powerful short beams from a laser makes possible high speed photography with an exposure time cut way back.
Lasers are used for monitoring the earth?s movement and detecting certain types of air pollution. The laser is also used for determining the earth-moon distance and in test of relativity. In the sciences, lasers can help scientists study the molecular structures of matter. This helps the medical field in cutting and burning certain tissues without damaging the surrounding healthy tissues. They have been used to ?weld? the retina, bore holes in the skull, vaporize lesions, and cauterize blood vessels(Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia v.15 p.411). The military has used lasers for guidance systems for missiles, aircraft, and satellites. In 1983, former President Ronald Reagan, urged the defense system to use laser beams against hostile ballistic missiles. Also the military uses the laser to help create more nuclear weapons.
Electrical power in an optical power of high efficiency is a carbon dioxide laser. The laser gives out an output of medium-Inferred radiation at 10.6 ?m (?m = millionth of a meter). Also when the laser is producing, it gives off heat; just like in the movies, books, and comic books. Some carbon dioxide lasers use diamonds rather than being dependent on the gases.
The construction of a carbon dioxide laser is similar to a gas laser. A tube filled with gas between a pair of mirrors triggered by an electrical discharge. The mirrors can not be glass, but metal coated (i.e., gold or copper). The reason for not being able to have a glass mirror is that it would either melt or overheat the machine. The optics for the laser may be other material, such as rock salt, diamonds, water absorbing, and zinc selenide.
Lasers, in the future, will be used tremendously in the hospitals, research, military, and even in our homes. The way lasers will be used in hospitals is described above, they will be used for removing parts of the body, and cutting holes to help with a medical operation. In the medical field, lasers will be used the same as they are today. Lasers will help research the universe, the earth, and other mysterious things. Using lasers for research might teach us of how to reach light speed, or at least come close. The military will use lasers more than they do now. There will be hand-held weapons that possess the ability to shot a laser. Aircraft?s will have lasers, because it will become less expensive to buy the unit to shoot a laser than buy a missile that for a one time use. In our homes, lasers will replace the knife to slice ham or the turkey. Instead of knives, there will be little lasers in the shape of a pen that will be used to slice your food. Lasers will also be used as cooking units instead of the stove or microwave.
Benton, William. Britannica Junior Encyclop?dia. Volume 9. Chicago, Illinois, 1967.
Bram, Leon L. Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. Volume 15. Funk and Wagnalls Corporation, 1990.
Compton?s Interactive Encyclopedia. Version 3.00. Compton?s NewMedia, Inc. 1994.
Другие работы по теме:
An Experiment To Investigate If Particle Size
Affects The Amount Of Carbon Dioxide Produced Essay, Research Paper Hypothesis I think that the smaller limestone chips will produce the greater amount of carbon dioxide than the larger chips as there will be a greater surface area for the acid to react upon. This is because the greater the surface area the higher the amount of collisions between limestone and acid particles.
Global Warming Essay Research Paper Like the
Global Warming Essay, Research Paper Like the glass in a greenhouse, certain gases that occur naturally in the atmosphere tend to trap the sun’s heat. This natural "greenhouse
Car Pollution Essay Research Paper Since the
Car Pollution Essay, Research Paper Since the invention of the automobile, man has put on this earth millions upon millions of cars. These automobiles that we so frequently use, are now polluting the environment we live in. Our cars are now the single greatest contributors of poisonous gases in our environment today.
Greenhouse Essay Research Paper The difference between
Greenhouse Essay, Research Paper The difference between Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Ozone Depletion The Ozone Layer is a region of the atmosphere from 19 to 48 km (12 to 30 mi) above the Earth s surface. Scientists were concerned when they discovered in the 1970s that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs long used as refrigerants and as aerosol spray propellants posed a possible threat to the ozone layer.
How Chlorophyll Makes Glucose Essay Research Paper
Chlorophyll is the green pigment inside of plants that give them their characteristic green color. Chlorophyll absorbs violet -blue and orange- red light from the sun needed for photosynthesis. Composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen it is a necessary compound used in the complex process that allows for much of the human life on earth to take place.
Rain Forest Essay Research Paper RAIN FOREST
Rain Forest Essay, Research Paper RAIN FOREST JOURNAL ESSAY Every second, one acre of all the Earth s rain forests is destroyed. Already, half of all the rain forests have been destroyed. This is unacceptable and it must be stopped. We all must help with all our efforts to save the rain forests. If we keep on cutting down the rain forests at this pace, there will be no rain forests left in fifty years!
Industrial Revolution Essay Research Paper How Global
Industrial Revolution Essay, Research Paper How Global Warming Relates to the Industrial Revolution Global Warming relates back to the Industrial Revolution in many ways. During the Industrial Revolution many new inventions were made that would make life easier for people back then and also in the future.
Joseph Priestley Essay Research Paper Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley Essay, Research Paper Joseph Priestley was born in England on March 13, 1733, and showed a great talent for science and languages from an early age. Priestley performed many important scientific experiments, among them the discovery that the gas produced by the fermentation of grain (later identified as carbon dioxide) could be dissolved in water to produce the pleasant drink called seltzer.
The Principle Events In The Evolution Of
The Earth’s Atmosphere Essay, Research Paper The Principle Events in the Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere The literal translation of the word atmosphere is “sphere of vapors”. The Earth’s atmosphere is a protective sphere of vapors, or air that surrounds the Earth and provides it with a layer of insulation from the harmful rays of the sun.
Danger In The Air At North Intermmediate
School In Wilmington? Essay, Research Paper Danger in the Air At North Intermmediate School in Wilmington? Is there danger in the air at the North Intermediate School in
Important Chemical Elements Essay Research Paper I
Important Chemical Elements Essay, Research Paper I believe that the three most important elements that exist are nitrogen, carbon and oxygen. Nitrogen is extremely valuable because it is such a large part of the food web. Carbon is important because it is also part of the food web due to the fact that it plays such an important role in the structure of all living things and many nonliving things.
Oxygen And Carbon Dioxide Essay Research Paper
OXYGEN (O)Oxygen was discovered by a British chemist, Joseph Priestly in 1774, and independantly by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, a Sweedish chemist. Oxygen has many uses – it is used in welding torches, to assist in hospital patient’s breathing and in metal fabrication industries. Oxygen is also used for defense purposes as a propellant for guided misiles and rocketsCARBON DIOXIDE (CO2).Carbon dioxide was named ‘fixed air’ by a Scottish chemist, Joseph Black.
Bush Carbon Dioxide Essay Research Paper Bush
Bush, Carbon Dioxide Essay, Research Paper Bush Won’t Regulate Carbon Dioxide Updated 7:30 PM ET March 13, 2001 By SCOTT LINDLAW, Associated Press Writer WASHINGTON (AP) – Backing off a campaign pledge, President Bush told Congress Tuesday he will not regulate carbon dioxide emissions from power plants.
Haymarket Bomb Essay Research Paper Car PollutionDriving
Haymarket Bomb Essay, Research Paper Car Pollution Driving a car is the most polluting act an average citizen commits. Emissions from cars is going up in Canada and the US despite attempts to make engines more fuel-efficient. The main reason is that cars are getting bigger and pick-up trucks and sport/utility vehicles replacing smaller, lighter cars.
Ertwr Essay Research Paper Oxygenpoor blood from
Ertwr Essay, Research Paper Oxygen-poor blood from the body flows down through the RIGHT ATRIUM to fill the RIGHT VENTRICLE which pumps the blood out through the PULMONARY ARTERY to the lungs.
Bicarbonate A Good Buffer For Blood Essay
, Research Paper Bicarbonate: A good buffer for blood Most carbon dioxide generated during metabolism is transported in the form of bicarbonate ions, which result from the dissociation of carbonic acid formed in the red blood cells from the chemical union of carbon dioxide and water. Hydrogen ions from the dissociation are bound to hemoglobin and other proteins, serving to buffer the blood.
Algae And Bacteria In Pools And Hot
Tubs Essay, Research Paper Algae and Bacteria in Pools and Hot Tubs This report is about the effects of bacteria and algae in swimming pools and hot tubs. It will also explain how to control and, problems if you do not control it. And also what problems can occur if too many chemicals are used.
Carbon Dioxide Essay Research Paper Carbon DioxideRespiratory
Carbon Dioxide Essay, Research Paper Carbon Dioxide Respiratory gases-oxygen and carbon dioxide moves between air and blood in the lungs. The structure of the human lung provides immense internal surface that facilitates gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
Carbon Dioxide Essay Research Paper Carbon is
Carbon Dioxide Essay, Research Paper Carbon is the basis for all life on earth. This essay will explain the role of carbon dioxide in v arious parts of the carbon cycle. This essay will examin three main, and
Carbon Dioxide Essay Research Paper CARBON DIOXIDECarbon
Carbon Dioxide Essay, Research Paper CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide is a gas comprising less than 0.04 % of the atmosphere.It is used by plants to make, directly or indirectly, all of the food that we eat.Increases in the concentration of carbon dioxide generally increase the growthrate of plants and decrease their water use.
Fossil Fuels Essay Research Paper We get
Fossil Fuels Essay, Research Paper We get energy from sunlight, wind, nuclear plants, and damns However, most of the energy that we use comes from fossil fuels. There are three major fossil fuels: Coal, oil and natural gas. These are composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Carbon is the major element in fossil fuels.
Carbon Dioxide Essay Research Paper Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Dioxide Essay, Research Paper Carbon Dioxide is an unreactive, colourless, odourless gas that occurs in small quantities in the earth’s atmosphere naturally. The earth’s ocean, soil, plants and animals release CO2. The formula of Carbon Dioxide is CO2. The CO2 molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms that each share 2 electrons with a carbon atom to form 2 carbon – oxygen double bonds.
Co2 In The Atmosphere Essay Research Paper
Carbon dioxide has been rising in the atmosphere throughout time. Recently though, the levels of carbon dioxide have been increasing at a more alarming rate. The cause of this is a direct result of man?s burning of fossil fuels. We know that every action we make, as humans, will have some effect on the environment around us and those effects can be either good or bad.
Cellular Respiration Essay Research Paper Cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration Essay, Research Paper Cellular respiration begins with glucose. Glucose is the primary fuel used in glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration. This molecule is found in the gel-like substance called cytoplasm that fills the cell. In glycolysis, glucose undergoes phosphorylation by ATP.
Photosynthesis Essay Research Paper PhotosynthesisThe second article
Photosynthesis Essay, Research Paper Photosynthesis The second article was about photosynthesis and discusses organisms that use this process. Photosynthesis is the process in which plant cells take sunlight and carbon dioxide and synthesize glucose. This process occurs in plants, algae, and some prokaryotes and protists.
Global Warming 2 Essay Research Paper Global
Global Warming 2 Essay, Research Paper Global Warming I have chosen to speak about Global warming because it is a major scientific issue in the media. Problems facing the environment today are vast and diverse. Destruction of the world’s rain forests, the depletion of the ozone layer, air pollution, water pollution, chemical pollution and global warming are just some of the problems that will reach dangerous proportions in the coming decades.
Organic Chemistry Essay Research Paper Organic compounds
Organic Chemistry Essay, Research Paper Organic compounds are all different but they all share a similar characteristic. To start all organic compounds have carbon in their formulas; this is the main characteristic all organic compounds share. Next, some organic compounds are made up with a single covalent bond.
Why Coral Reefs Need To Be Protected
And Conserved For Future Generations Essay, Research Paper Coral Reefs need to be preserved for many reasons. In this paper I will discuss a few of them. First of all, they houses a collection of diverse organisms, and contribute
Photosynthesis Essay Research Paper II Introduction
Photosynthesis Essay, Research Paper II.) Introduction / Objective Photosynthesis is the process by which chlorophyll – containing organisms – such as green plants, algae, and some bacteria – capture energy from light and convert it to chemical energy. For the process of photosynthesis to take place the organism must contain chloroplasts.
The Fermentation Process In Wi Essay Research
Paper The Fermentation Process in Wine Making Wine making is a long process. After the best grapes have been harvested and pressed they have to go through a process called fermentation. During pressing, when the grapes’ skins are broken, yeast, or Saccharomyees ellipsoideus, from the skins comes in contact with the sugar from the insides of the grapes.