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Thomas Mann wurde am 6. Juni 1875 in L beck geboren. Sein Vater war ein angesehener Kaufmann, K niglich Nierderl discher Konsul und sp ter Senator der Freien Hansestadt L beck. Seine Mutter kam aus S damerika. Thomas Mann hatte vier Gewischister. Sein Bruder, Heinrich Mann war auch ein ber hmter deutscher Autor. Als Sekundaner zeigte er seine literarische Begabung dadurch, dax er literarischen Arbeiten in seiner eigenen “Monatszeitschrift f r Kunst, Literatur und Philosophie” ver ffentlichte. Nach dem Tod seines Vaters zog er nach M nchen um.In 1896-97 unternahm er mit seinem Bruder, Heinrich, eine Italienreise undbegann seinen Roman Buddenbrooks zu schreiben. Neben seinen ber hten Romanen Buddenbrooks, Doktor Faustus und Zauberberg befinden sich auch zahlreiche Novellenund Erz hlungen: Tonio Kr ger, Morio und Zauberer, K nigliche Hochheit und Felix Krull. In 1926 wurde er in die Preuxische Dichterakademie aufgenommen und ihmwurde auch Professortitel verliehen. In 1929 wurde er Nobelpreistr ger f r Literatur. W hrend einer Auslandsvortragreise 1933 wurde er von den neuen Machthabern heftig angegriffen und sein Verm gen wurde konfiziert. Er blieb in Frankreich und bersiedelte 1934 in die Schweiz. In 1938 emigrierte er in die USA. In 1944 erwarb er die amerikanische Staatsb rgerschaft. Von 1952 bis zum Ende seines Lebens lebte er in der Schweiz. Am 12. August 1955 starb er im Beisein von Frau Katia. Tonio Kr ger ist die Novelle von Thomas Mann die ich gelesen habe. Man kann sagen das diese Novelle eine Semi-Autobiographie von Mann ist. In ihr wird ein beispielhafter K nstler dargestellt. Dieser K nstler, namens Tonio Kr ger, (so wie Thomas Mann) wird von zwei “Welten” hin- und hergezerrt: die “Tonio”-Welt seiner Mutter und die “Kr ger”-Welt seines Vaters. Die “Tonio”-Welt ist eine s dl ndische Welt, in der der K nstler das Leben eines in den b rgerlichen Augen verantwortungslosen, und verd chtigen K nstlertums f hrt. Die “Kr ger”-Welt ist hingegen eine norddeutsche b rgerliche Welt. Der “verirrte B rger” Tonio Kr ger wird einerseits “von den Ordentlichen undGew hnlichen” ausgeschlossen weil er ein K nstler ist, andererseits arbeitet er mit derartistischen Leidenschaft. Er arbeitet nicht wie jemand, der arbeitet, um ein b rgerliches Leben zu f hren. Das “normale” b rgerliche Leben ist f r ihn nichts. Er will nichts als zu arbeiten,”weil er sich als lebendigen Menschen f r nichts achtet, nur als Schaffender in Betracht zu kommen w nscht”. F r ihn sind das “K nstler-sein” und “Mensch-seins” ein unvereinbarer Gegensatz.Zu der Malerin Lisaweta sagt er im vierten Kapitel: “Es ist aus mit
dem K nstler, sobald er Mensch wird und zu empfinden beginnt”. Was Mann hir versucht uns zu vermitteln ist dan man kann nicht ein K nstler sein, und zugleich ein menschlischesLeben und Gef hl haben. Das ist was Tonio Kr ger glaubt. Er leidet deshalb auch unheimlich sehr viel darunter. Als K nstler mux er unendlich das Mensche darstellen, doch er darf von diesem k nstlertum aus nicht an dem Menschlichen teilnehmen. Schliexlich berwidet er die lebensfeindliche Artistik. In seinem Brief an Lisaweta am Ende der Novelle kommt er zu einem neuen K nstlerideal, das K nstlertum mit der “B rgerlieber zum Menschlichen, Lebendigen und Gew hnlichen” vereint. F r TonioKr ger am Ende dieser Novelle ist eine solche Vereinigung von groxer Bedeutung, weil nur so kann aus einem “Literaten”, der die Kunst als Endzweck betrachtet, ein “Dichter” werden, der sowohl K nstler als auch B rger ist. Tonio Kr ger gelangt zum b rgerlichen K nstlertum. Das ganze Buch, Tonio Kr ger, kann parallel zu Mannes eingenen Lebens sein. Alles von Kr gers Familie bis zu seinen Reisen, Beruf und den Konflikt. In der Mehrzahl von Thomas Mann’s Werken spielt die Familie eine gr xere Rolle als bei den meisten anderen Schriftstellern. Seine Liteatur ist characteriziert bei genauen darstelungen von Kleinigkeiten von den modernen so wie auch alten Leben, Intellektueller Analyse von Ideen und Charakter und einen distanzierten, bisschen ironischen Gesichtspunkt. Seine Helden sind oft B rger von der Arbeits Klasse mit spirituelen Konfliken. Dichter K nstler -teil des B rgertums -kann nich an den Menschenlichen teilnehmen Konflikt zwiszen Literat und B rgertum Im Gesprech mit Lisawet spricht Tonio von einen Mann den er kannte, einen wirklichen K nstler der wegen dessen leidete weil als K nstler ist man anders von anderen und man kann ein normales Leben nicht f hren.”Ich kannte einen Schauspieler von Genie, der als Mensch mit einer krankenhaften Befangenheit und Haltlosigkeit zu k mpfen hatte. Sein berreiztes Ichgef hl zusammen mit dem Mangel an Rolle, an darstellerischer Afgabe, bewirkten das bei diesem vollkommen K nstler und verarmten Menschen Ein K nstler, ein wirklichen, nicht einen, dessen B rgerlicher Beruf die Kunst ist, sondern einen vorbestimmten und dermammten ersehen Sie mit geringem Scharfblick aus einer Menschenmasse. Das Gef hl der Separation und Unzugeh rigkeit, des Erkannt- und Beobacktetseins, etwas zugleich K nigliches und Verlegenes ist in seinem Gesicht.” Tonio reiste zur ck nach L beck zu seinen Wurzen. Er wurde dort fast verhaftet. Er verstand danach das er in der Vergangenheit nicht leben konnte und in sie nicht zur ckkeren konnte.
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