Roman Art Essay, Research Paper
Names
Our names function much like scripts that we act out in our day-to-day contact with other people. To put this idea another way, the way we see ourselves behaving is more or less the way we do behave in any given situation. According to this line of thinking, because names can have an effect on self-concept, names can indirectly influence how we act. However, research into the ways names affect people has uncovered a link that shows that our names, or at least other people’s reactions to our names, influence the way we behave even more directly.
The process that gives names their influence is the so-called self-fulfilling prophecy. Briefly explained, the self-fulfilling prophecy works this way. A man introduces himself to us as Percy. Immediately, our unconscious mind goes to work dredging up all the images and associations we have with that name. Without realizing it, we develop a mental picture, a set of expectations of what a Percy is like. This mental picture causes changes in our own behavior that are so subtle that we are not aware of them. However, Percy picks up on the messages we are sending by our actions, and he makes unconscious changes in his own way of acting to satisfy what he thinks we expect of him. In other words, we set up a situation which forces Percy to behave the way we think Percys are supposed to behave.
Swihart 2
This process does not necessarily occur in every chance encounter or casual
meeting, although it very well can happen under these circumstances. However, it does occur sometimes in long-term relationships, especially those involving people on different status levels, such as a foreman-worker or teacher-student relationship. A major research study conducted in schools pointed this out.
Two investigators who made use of this insight were Herbert Harari and John W. McDavid. They were aware from previous studies that the more common names are regarded as generally more attractive, and they connote more favorable stereotypes. In contrast, the rare and unusual names are deemed less socially attractive and they connote negative stereotypes” (Harari and McDavid). They decided to test out the effects these facts would have on how teachers grade students’ essays by giving a group of eighty experienced teachers eight essays, four written by girls and four by boys, and asking the teachers to mark them. The essays were all of roughly the same quality, and the only identification on them was a first name and a bogus last initial. The boys’ names used were David, Elmer, Hubert, and Michael, and the girls’ names were Adelle, Bertha, Karen, and Lisa. The eight essays were all on different subjects, so Harari and McDavid took the precaution of mixing up the names and essays. In other words, in one teacher’s packet the essay about Tarzan had the name David on it, while in another packet the name David was on the essay about kites.
Before starting their work, the researchers predicted that papers attributed to children with common, popular names would get the higher scores, and among the boys,
Swihart 3
at least, their prediction was correct. Papers “written” by David got the highest marks, those by Michael the second highest, those by Elmer the third highest, and those by Hubert the lowest. The girls’ papers were ranked somewhat differently than Harari and McDavid had predicted. Those by Adelle got the highest marks, followed by papers by Lisa, Karen, and Bertha, in that order. If the prediction had been perfectly accurate, Adelle would have followed Lisa and Karen. However, Harari and McDavid pointed out that the name Adelle has a strong stereotype of “scholarly” associated with it, and this stereotype may have been too strong for teachers to resist as they graded the essays.
In order to make sure that their conclusion about names influencing the teachers’ grading was correct, Harari and McDavid repeated the experiment using eighty undergraduate psychology students as graders. The data from this group showed no pattern whatsoever, and this confirmed the original idea that there was nothing about the essays themselves or the way in which the experiment was conducted that biased the results. Instead, the experienced teachers had developed definite positive attitudes toward children with more popular names over the years, and they unconsciously favored these children as they graded their papers.
Given this information about teachers’ reactions to names, we can logically assume that the same types of reactions occur in people in other professions and in similar supervisory relationships. Teachers and students happen to be relatively easy groups to study. As a result, these groups tend to be investigated more than others. Until
Swihart 4
more research results are available, we can only wonder how many people fail to receive
promotions in the military or on the assembly line because of their names. We can only
speculate about how many sales are lost or promising political careers are never gotten off the ground because of a name.
Works Cited
Harari, Herbert and John W. McDavid. “Name Stereotypes and Teachers’ Expectations.” Journal of Educational Psychology 65 (1973): 222-225
Другие работы по теме:
Beginnings Of Christianity Essay Research Paper By
Beginnings Of Christianity Essay, Research Paper By the time Constantine declared himself a Christian in 313 CE, almost half of the Roman population had abandoned the traditional Roman gods for Christianity (Galloway 4). The reason for the spread of this particular religion was because the ideas behind it were simple and easy for the people of the Roman world to embrace.
What Is In A Name Essay Research
Paper What is in a name? Does a name serve any importance in representing a person? Three letters and one syllable make up my name. Which part of me does that represent? I believe that a person?s name does not partake in their identity or character. It is just a form of reference, given to a person at the time of their birth.
Roman Burial Customs Essay Research Paper Roman
Roman Burial Customs Essay, Research Paper Roman Burial Customs The Etruscans were the first major rulers of Rome, and their customs were incorporated into early Roman custom. The importance of life after death for the Etruscans is seen in the large and elaborate necropoleis (cities of the dead) surrounding each town, and also in the size and variety as well as the decoration of rock-cut tombs.
Mars And Venus United By Love Essay
, Research Paper ?Mars and Venus United by Love? by Paolo Veronese is done in the Renaissance style of painting. This is done in this style, because Poalo Veroneses was a Renaissance painter as well as his teacher Titan.
The Name Judith Essay Research Paper Is
The Name Judith Essay, Research Paper Is it important to know what is behind your name? Now in days, many names are given without knowing their meanings or where they come from. For example, I was given the name of Judith just because my parents heard it and liked it. It depends where and in which culture were they raised.
Archimedes Of Syracuse Essay Research Paper Archimedes
Archimedes Of Syracuse Essay, Research Paper Archimedes of Syracuse (ca. 287-ca. 212 BC) Greek mathematician who flourished in Sicily. He is generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of ancient times. Most of the facts about his life come from a biography about the Roman soldier Marcellus written by the Roman biographer Plutarch.
Doll House 2 Essay Research Paper Doll
Doll House 2 Essay, Research Paper Doll House Assignment Ok Mr. and Mrs. Helmer. You two have now been visiting me here at my office for four weeks. I now think that I have a couple of solutions for you. Solutions that will make your marriage work again. I have studied out these solutions by listening to the story that you have told me during these four weeks.
Thomas More Essay Research Paper More
Thomas More Essay, Research Paper More’s purpose in writing utopia was quite clearly to open people’s eyes to the social and political evils of the world around them, e.g. inflation, corruption, maltreatment of the poor, wars for little or no purpose, courtly ostentation, the misuse of power by absolute monarchs, etc.
Polybius Histories Essay Research Paper Polybius
Polybius ? Histories Essay, Research Paper Polybius wanted to explain to his fellow Greeks how the Romans had risen to world power in a short span of time. Polybius criticized bitterly those writers of his time who wrote history as romance or who blindly celebrated their homelands or famous men without regard to deeper truth.
Julius Caesar Essay Research Paper In the
Julius Caesar Essay, Research Paper In the play Julius Caesar Shakespeare give up hints about what is going to happen though out the rest of the play. He uses foreshadowing in the use of his characters names. For instance Julius Caesar was born Julius but earned the name Caesar after many triumphs over his stellar career.
Roman Republic Essay Research Paper The author
Roman Republic Essay, Research Paper The author Michael Crawford wrote the book The Roman Republic to offer an interpretation about the Roman Empire. This was done to educate the reader about how Rome gained its greatness and became the military and cultural center of the world at that time. He wanted to inform the readers about how the Roman Empire grew from one city tribe, to dominate the Italian peninsula, and finally to conquer the Mediterranean coast.
Astrology Essay Research Paper it was about
Astrology Essay, Research Paper it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like in roman days.it was about greek gods and they the way they were/suposidly like
Mythology Essay Research Paper MythologyEvery race of
Mythology Essay, Research Paper Mythology Every race of humans and most cultures believed in a myth or type of myth at one time. Sometimes a myth can be something small like a teacher who?s said to be an alien. Yet some are quite big and still believed in today like the loch ness monster. Myths have been around since the beginning of time and will be there to the end.
The Protestant Reformation Essay Research Paper I
The Protestant Reformation Essay, Research Paper I walked around town thinking about the Reformation that would make great impacts on the history of my village in Germany and other lands. Most people in Europe are prayer people who accept all aspects of the church, whether or not they personally believed in the idea or not.
Ptolemy Sucks Ass Essay Research Paper 1
Ptolemy Sucks Ass Essay, Research Paper 1. Ptolemy established his own latitude and longitude places in the Roman Empire. Since he was wrong by about 30 % he estimated the earth to be one
Halie Selassie I Essay Research Paper Haile
Halie Selassie I Essay, Research Paper Haile Selassie I Haile Selassie I was born on July 23,1892. His real name was Ras Tafari Makonnen. He was born into a royal family which he later took over the thrown as king. It has been said that Selassie I was a direct descendant of King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba.
Libraries Essay Research Paper 1 The names
Libraries Essay, Research Paper 1. The names of two other libraries on the campus are the new Science Library and the Gov. Thomas E. Dewy Graduate Library for Public Affairs and Policy.
Greek And Roman Arches And Architecture Essay
, Research Paper Architectural designs changed greatly since the ancient times. Most famous architectures and sculptures today originated from the Greek and Roman civilizations. Moreover,
Benzoyl Peroxide Essay Research Paper Chemical Name
Benzoyl Peroxide Essay, Research Paper Chemical Name: Benzoyl Peroxide (C14H10O4) Benzoyl peroxide is the main compound found in several different pharmaceuticals for treating acne, food additives, as polymers, and catalysts in several different reactions. Other common names for this compound are; Oxy-10, Panoxyl, Benzagel 10, Benzoic acid, Lucidol, and several others.
History Essay Research Paper 4 discuss the
History Essay, Research Paper 4. discuss the values which helped the Romans build an empire from a city-state.From a city-state to Roman Empire, the values such as individualism and Greek idea helped the Romans build an empire from a city-state. During a city-state period, the Romans were very concerned about maintaining the customs or traditions of their ancestors.
Egypt Essay Research Paper Egypt Rome Greece
Egypt Essay, Research Paper Egypt, Rome, Greece. All those names resemble the past, the power, the myth, the beauty, and the magnificence of the age of the empires. Over all of them, Egypt has captivated our attention over its colossal constructions, its religion, and the impossibility of the timing. Egypt contributes with mystery to the Roman Empire, with glamour through the most famous emperors, Cleopatra, and with fear, through the stories about Moises.
Ancient Roman Art Essay Research Paper Early
Ancient Roman Art Essay, Research Paper Early Roman art reflected previous civilizations, but astime passed, the Romans developed an artistic style completelytheir own. One very unique aspect of the Roman civilization, which setup art, was the use of public baths. At first these public bathsconsisted only of dressing room suites and bathing chambers.
Costantine
– Byzantine Culture Essay, Research Paper HECTOR MERCEDES HISTORY 101-003 PROFFESOR RICHARD GREEN COSTANTINE/BYZANTINE CULTURE MAY 11, 2000 The Byzantine Empire was the eastern part of the Roman Empire, which survived the destruction of the western empire. Constantinople, which is now Istanbul, Turkey, was the capital city.
St Augustine Essay Research Paper Augustine of
St. Augustine Essay, Research Paper Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD) took great pains to create and project a powerful image of himself beyond the churches and towns where he wrote and taught in Roman
The Roman Empire Essay Research Paper Greek
The Roman Empire Essay, Research Paper Greek culture laid the foundation for the Roman Empire. The Roman people wanted to be like the Greek people. For example the Romans made a sculpture of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. The Romans recognized the Greek art and architecture to be very well done. Since the Romans likes these traits of the Greek they used the Greeks ideas and created there own.
Misconception Essay Research Paper MisconceptionWe often have
Misconception Essay, Research Paper Misconception We often have misconceptions with people. When I was in fifth grade my parents presented me with a new electronic game, called Sega. The reason for that is, because I studied hard and was obedient. The game was placed into the corner of my room next to TV.
The Art Of Ancient Rome Essay Research
Paper The Art of Ancient Rome The Roman sculptures and architectures were greatly influenced by the Greeks and also some effects by the Etruscans. Romans were influenced mostly by Greek art in many ways. It was because the variety of paintings, sculptures, and the different style of early architectures presented in every period of Roman history.
Julius Caesar 5 Essay Research Paper Julius
Julius Caesar 5 Essay, Research Paper Julius Caesar William Shakespeare s play, Julius Caesar, is mainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The various men who happened to object to his assassination had different personal desires for their actions. Depending on each of their actions, words or even tone of voice they may misrepresent them and may be misinterpreted.
Braveheart Essay Research Paper I have just
Braveheart Essay, Research Paper I have just recently watched the film 1995 film Braveheart directed by and starring Mel Gibson. The main thing that I noticed about the film was not the art or architecture, but the lack there of. In ancient Roman times, there was some kind of Roman architecture almost everywhere.