Catacombs Essay, Research Paper
Catacombs
Underground burial was common practice among ancient Mediterranean cultures,
and therefore archeologist find underground burial tunnels in Egypt, Greece and many other
Mediterranean lands. Catacombs were mostly built for memorial services and internment
of the dead”(Catacombs1). There were a lot of uses for catacombs such as burial, celebration
of martyrs, and celebration of the deceased persons of each family.
There were two types of people who used the catacombs as burial grounds for
their dead. When Christianity was being preached in Rome by Peter and Paul, there already
there already existed in the pagan and Jewish catacombs (History1) The Romans Catholics
used cremation at first then switched over to the underground burial. Then the Christians
followed shortly after the Roman Catholics. The Christians did not follow pagan customs
because it involved cremation. The Christians preferred burial, just as Christ was. They felt they
had to respect the bodies that one day would rise from the dead. Over the years there were
as much as sixty catacombs found near and in Rome. There were approximately one million Christian tombs discovered alone. (History 1)
The catacombs were originally made for burial. The main religious groups at that
time that used them were the Roman Catholics and the Christians. The catacombs were
also used rarely for refuge when they had battles or wars. The opposing forces did not want to
invade the burial ground. It was thought to be very bad luck to disturb the dead. They were
afraid the spirits of the dead would haunt them.They also used the catacombs for anniversaries
of the martyrs and the other dead. Martyrs means somebody who chooses to
die rather than deny religious or political beliefs.
The catacombs were tunnels that expanded into smaller or larger tunnels or burial
places. There were rooms for all the dead they said that even if you were a slave you still
deserved to spend the after life in the catacombs The Roman Catholics and Christians could
not bury their dead In Compliance with the Roman law, which forbade the burial of the
dead within the city walls, all catacombs are located outside the city walls, all catacombs
are located outside the city, along the great consular roads, generaly in the immediate
suburban area of that age (Christian 1). Every catacomb that was build was some how
connected to a graveyard no matter where the catacombs was located. There was one
exception and that was that if it was only used for family and close friends. Slaves were
promised a place in the catacombs (History1).
Construction of the early catacombs began in the second century and was used
for both memorial services and interment of the dead. Some of the catacombs were on
four levels connecting a enormous system of galleries and linking passages with steep,
narrow steps. Bodies of the deceased were placed in niches, 16 to 24 inches high by 47 to
59 inches long cut from the wall of soft tufa rock. The bodies were fully clothed,linen and sprinkled with ointments to offset the decaying odor and sealed with a slab inscribed
with the name of the deceased, date of death and a religious symbol much like today s
tombstones (Catacombs1). Loculi ( recesses) were cut in the walls, one above another, to
receive the bodies of from one to four family members (Catacombs2 1). Over 60 catacombs
have been discovered beneath Rome,with approximately one million Christian tombs (History
1). The Christian catacombs, which have the most numerous, lagan in the second century and
the excavating continued until the first half of the fifth (Christian1). The catacombs of St.
Callistus served as the official burial ground for the bishops of Rome and the crypt of the popes
contains the tombs of several pontiffs (Catacombs 1). Many of the catacombs for prominent
Christians were decorated with wall paintings depicting Christian symbols, such as the fish,
lamb, and anchor, or with biblical signs (Catacombs2 1). “The word catacombs is probably
derived from the latin ad catacumbus, meaning At the hollows a phrase that refered to
chambers at a hollow south of Rome (Catacombs2 1). The Christian thought death was mearly
a Sleeping Place before they were brought back to life . By the third century the catacombs
were administered by the church. Persons of destination were buried in stone coffins or carved
sarcophagi placed in arches niches (Catacombs2 1). The catacombs were used up to the fifth
century and then ground burial became more and more used after a while (History 1).
There are still many undiscovered catacombs around the word there is so much
to do and so little money to spend on research . Various scholars began exploring the
catacombs, some whom literally fell into the catacombs by accident (Archeology 1).
Catacombs were found were found all around the Asian continent They were all considered
sacred and protected by Roman law (History 1). The crypt of the Popes alone tells us so
much of the history of the catacombs, the early Christians, and the Rome s bishop martyrs and
saints (Archeology 1).
Work Cited
“Archeology of the Catacombs”,time 19 January. arsmar/ce_arc.htm
“The Christian Catacombs of Rome”,time 19 January.
encarta.msn/find/concise.asp?ti=042620000
“The Christian Catacombs of Rome”,time 19 January.
catacombs.roma.it/en/intro.html
“Catacombs.html”,time 19 January.
kent.wednet.edu/curriculum/soc_studies/rome/Cat-acombs.html
“Catacombswork.”,time 19 January.
windows.ucar.edu/cgi-bin/tour.cgi?
Другие работы по теме:
Irony And Symbolism In The Cask Of
Amontillado? Essay, Research Paper Irony and Symbolism in ?The Cask of Amontillado? In the short story “The Cask of Amontillado,” Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view, from the perspective of Montresor, the narrator of this tale, who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge.
Home Burial Essay Research Paper In the
Home Burial Essay, Research Paper In the poem “Home Burial” by Robert Frost, it is easy to see both positive and negative aspects of both characters. I feel that Frost favors the man. Although he talks about how the man seems to not have feelings, the man actually does. The man feels sad for his dead child. He just goes about showing it in a different way.
Roman Burial Customs Essay Research Paper Roman
Roman Burial Customs Essay, Research Paper Roman Burial Customs The Etruscans were the first major rulers of Rome, and their customs were incorporated into early Roman custom. The importance of life after death for the Etruscans is seen in the large and elaborate necropoleis (cities of the dead) surrounding each town, and also in the size and variety as well as the decoration of rock-cut tombs.
Advertisement Essay Research Paper CEMETORYCemetery is the
Advertisement Essay, Research Paper CEMETORY Cemetery is the last peaceful place for our restless souls. It is the place of our final end. It is not just a place of tombstone and grave, it is the burial ground of our love ones. When I visited the cemetery for the first time. The first thing I noticed was the tombstones and the graves.
Funeral Essay Research Paper Funeral
Funeral Essay, Research Paper Funeral Was there a specter at the funeral of local resident Mrs. Drablow? An unexplained sighting of a mysterious woman in black has fuelled local legends of
Burrial At The Ornanas Essay Research Paper
Name of piece: Burial at Ornans Name of artist: Gustave Courbet Date produced: 1849. I first look at Burial at Ornans and take a dislike to it. I see a painting of a small group of people with grim expressions on their faces. The piece is oil on canvas. It s simply painted, perhaps a palette knife has been used, and the colours are harsh and real, with definite edges and colour changes.
The Catacombs Essay Research Paper The Catacombs
The Catacombs Essay, Research Paper The Catacombs and Christian Persecutions The catacombs are the ancient underground cemeteries used by the Christians and the Jewish people in Rome. The Christian catacombs, which are numerous, began in the second century and the shoveling out continued until the first half of the fifth century.
Catacombs Essay Research Paper The Catacombs and
Catacombs Essay, Research Paper The Catacombs and Christian Persecutions The catacombs are the ancient underground cemeteries used by the Christians and the Jewish people in Rome. The Christian catacombs began in the second century and the hollowing out continued until the first half of the fifth century.
The Cask Of Amontialado Essay Research Paper
The Cask of Amontillado Summary: The story begins with Montresor, the narrator, saying how he had been injured by Fortunato ?thousands? of times, but when he was insulted by him, he wanted revenge. He decided to use Fortunato?s weak point, fine wines, against him, since Fortunato prided himself on his connoisseurship of wine.
Who Grieved Correctly In Home Burial Essay
, Research Paper In order to understand “Home Burial,” one must look into how the husband and wife each deal with the loss of their child. The husband is the type of person who talks about his pains and wants to talk to his wife. The wife, however, does not want to talk to her husband; she wants to talk to someone else.
Characterization Of Montressor Essay Research Paper Characterization
Characterization Of Montressor Essay, Research Paper Characterization Of Montressor In The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe, the dark side of human nature is exemplified through the character of Montresor and his victim, Fortunato. Montresor is a manipulative and vengeful person. These characteristics lead to the death of Fortunato, a man who has wronged him.
Analysis Of The Cask Of Amonti Essay
, Research Paper Theme Analysis of The Cask of Amontillado In The Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe, the dark side of human nature is exemplified through the character of Montresor and his victim, Fortunato. Montresor is a manipulative and vengeful person. These characteristics lead to the death of Fortunato, a man who has wronged him.
The Union Buries Its Dead Essay Research
Paper Henry Lawson s The Union buries its dead is a story which explores the procedure of a union burial for a man whose identity is unknown and whose presence was obviously barely noticed. He was stranger in town, and the fact of his having been a Union man accounted for the funeral . The story that surrounds the burial is told through the eyes of a narrator who seems to be jaded by a world who pretends to care.
A Look At Grief In 2
A Look At Grief In “Home Burial” Essay, Research Paper The poem, ?Home Burial? by Robert Frost, tells of a child that was buried not long in the past and of the sorrow of the wife and husband. The husband?s grief is not as apparent as the wife?s heartache. The husband has become accustomed to his feeling, but the wife is reminded every time she passes the stairway window.
Courbet Essay Research Paper Max Buchon was
Courbet Essay, Research Paper Max Buchon was a friend of Gustave Courbet. Max wrote an essay to publicize Courbet’s painting of the stonebreakers and a burial at Ornan. He wrote about the two paintings, what he thought about them and what the author thought about them. He also talked about how these paintings were so very realistic in the way the showed the bourgeoisie life.
Home Burial Essay Research Paper 1Home BurialRobert
Home Burial Essay, Research Paper ?Home Burial? Robert Frost?s ?Home Burial? is a very well written poem about a husband?s and a wife?s loss. Their first born child has died recently. Amy and her husband deal with their loss in two very different ways, which cause problems. Amy seems like she confines their child to the grave.
Cask Essay Research Paper
“The Cask of Amontillado” ——————————————————————————– Background “The Cask of Amontillado” is a twisted tale written by Edgar Allen Poe in 1841. The setting of the short story takes place in France during the carnival season. “The Cask of Amontillado” follows in the tradition of Poe’s “The Telltale Heart” and “The Pit and the Pendulum” because they all feature a cold-hearted character who commits murder.
Cask Of Amontillado Essay Research Paper Nicholas
Cask Of Amontillado Essay, Research Paper Nicholas Di Maria Eng lit. Mr. Bonnetti Irony in the Cask of Amontillado Throughout the semester, we read many short stories, and all of them had some dramatic
Home Burial Essay Research Paper Home BurialThe
Home Burial Essay, Research Paper Home Burial The theme of Home Burial by Robert Frost is the missunderstanding between a husband and a wife. The wife can t handle the way that her husband has dealt with the death of their baby. The wife feels that her husband doesn t even care about the death of their baby. This is not true the husband just deals with his pain in different ways.
The Raven Edgar Allan Poe Essay Research
Paper Edgar Allen Poe was one of the greatest writers of the nineteenth century. Perhaps he is best know for is ominous short stories. Two of these stories were “The Cask of Amontillado” and “The Raven.” In these short stories Poe uses imagery in many different forms to enhance the mood and setting of the story.
Australian People Essay Research Paper Australian PeopleThe
Australian People Essay, Research Paper Australian People The population of Australia is 18,438,824.The Birth Rate is 13.73, per 1000 people. The death rate is 6.89 per 1000 people. Those two were per year on average. The migration rate is 2.71 immigrants per 1000 people. The Life expectancy is higher than the US at 79.64. (Male 76.69, Female 82.74) There are three major ethnic groups in Australia.
Antigone Essay Research Paper In Antigone the
Antigone Essay, Research Paper In Antigone, the first episode concerns Creon s announcement to the Chorus of Theban elders that he has forbidden the burial of Polynices. It also includes the arrival of the watchman who informs Creon of the perfunctory night burial of Polynices by an unknown hand. Creon lashes out at him and accuses him of conspiring in this act.
Antigone And Ismene Essay Research Paper Antigone
Antigone And Ismene Essay, Research Paper Antigone and Ismene; sisters torn by family and state. Ismene, fearing her life and the diction of the state flees from her family values. Antigone, with great courage and bound by a strong love opposes the state to stand for what she believes is right. Not that Ismene is wrong, but Antigone holds true to her values to the very end.
Creon Vs. Antigone In The Burial Of
Polyneices Essay, Research Paper Creon vs. Antigone in the burial of Polyneices When King Oedipus learned that he lived his life under a curse, unknowingly killing his father and marrying his mother, he poked out his own eyes and dissappeared into exile. After Oedipus’ abandonment, toghether his sons Eteocles and Polyneices ruled Thebes.
Ignorance Essay Research Paper IgnoranceIn Sophocle
Ignorance Essay, Research Paper Ignorance In Sophocle’s ancient Greek tragedy, Antigone, there is a woman who chooses to go with the feeling inside her heart and obey law of the Gods, rather than to obey civil law. Antigone’s bother Eteoles was given a proper burial after a war in their homeland of Thebes. She wants her brother, Polyneices, who was the enemy, also to be given a proper burial, but the king prohibits the burial.
Darl Essay Research Paper DarlDarl the second
Darl Essay, Research Paper Darl Darl, the second child of Anse and Addie Bundren is the most prolific voice in the novel As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner. Darl Bundren, the next eldest of the Bundren children, delivers the largest number of interior monologues in the novel. An extremely sensitive and articulate young man, he is heartbroken by the death of his mother and the plight of his family’s burial journey.
Trial By Ordeal Essay Research Paper Trial
Trial By Ordeal Essay, Research Paper Trial by Ordeal I personally feel that trial by ordeal was a rather, how should I put this, “unjustified” way of determining guilt. Trial by ordeal was a type of “trial” that was used
The Sandbox Essay Research Paper THE SANDBOX
The Sandbox Essay, Research Paper THE SANDBOX The sandbox by Edward Albee is a play that conveys an underlying message of elderly care, senility and death. The characters of the play each take on a personal outlook and each with a roll in life. The play is hard to understand. Each person has to pull out his or her own meanings.
Antigone 6 Essay Research Paper AntigoneIn Ancient
Antigone 6 Essay, Research Paper Antigone In Ancient Greece, life was full of complicated questions centered around the expanding field of science. Freedom of religion was encouraged to be exercised in the city-states and man was focused on more than the Gods or heavenly concerns. As a result many new ideals and beliefs surfaced.
It Was Not Death For I Stood
Up Essay, Research Paper In the poem by Emily Dickinson “It Was Not Death, for I Stood Up,” the main character has just lost a loved one and feels such devastation that cannot be put into words, but could only be described as “not” something. She feels such loss at her loved one’s burial, that his “burial reminded [her] of [hers]“.
Antigone Essay Research Paper Antigone A Martyr
Antigone Essay, Research Paper Antigone: A Martyr, a Masochist, and a Victim of Tyranny The play ?Antigone? written by Sophocles takes, place in the 400’s B.C. in the town of Thebes, Greece. When Antigone hears her brother shall not have a proper burial, she breaks the king?s order and sprinkles dirt over Polyneice?s body.
Antigone Vs Creon Essay Research Paper Antigone
Antigone Vs. Creon Essay, Research Paper Antigone vs. Creon When you are about to examine the likes and differences between Antigone and Creon you wonder what the really do have in common, but in all actuality they are more alike then different.
Civil Vs Moral Essay Research Paper Civil
Civil Vs Moral Essay, Research Paper ?Civil Law vs. Moral law? In Sophocles? play ?Antigone?, Antigone?s life is taken from her because of her choice to follow the moral law by burying her brother and disobeying the civil law, which forbid this.