Cars Essay, Research Paper
2. ?Qu? misi?n desempe?a el caudal?metro?
El caudal?metro tiene la misi?n de medir el volumen de aire aspirado por el motor y transforma este dato en una se?al el?ctrica para informar al calculador, va situado a continuaci?n del filtro del aire, antes de la mariposa. Est? formada por una trampilla m?vil accionada por el flujo de aire aspirado por el motor. Un tope que amortigua el retorno de la trampilla a su posici?n de reposo. Una trampilla de amortiguaci?n y un potenci?metro que puede ser de una o dos pistas de distinta precisi?n, con un cursor para la se?al el?ctrica que es distinta para cada posici?n de la trampilla. Este potenciometro es el que se encarga de variar la tensi?n de entrada proporcionada que es de 5 voltios a los bornes del potenci?metro. Su se?al, asociada al r?gimen de funcionamiento del motor es fundamental para calcular el tiempo de inyecci?n.
En la inyecci?n LE2 adem?s si se produce una variaci?n de la se?al mayor de 2 voltios por segundo se interpreta como una apertura brusca de la mariposa y el calculador aumenta el enriquecimiento de la mezcla durante un peque?o lapso de tiempo.
Es muy habitual que tambi?n vaya en este elemento el sensor de temperatura del aire.
3. ?Qu? misi?n tiene la aleta de compensaci?n del caudal?metro?
Esta aleta act?a a modo de amortiguador evitando oscilaciones bruscas de los desplazamientos angulares de la aleta principal, de este modo la informaci?n que proporciona el caudal?metro es m?s fiable porque no responde a las turbulencias que produce el paso del aire al empujar la aleta. El efecto amortiguador lo produce la c?mara de aire que queda ?atrapada? por la aleta de compensaci?n y que amortigua movimientos bruscos y moment?neos, esta c?mara recibe el nombre de c?mara de compensaci?n.
4. ?Qu? mide un sensor de ox?geno?
El sensor de ox?geno tambi?n recibe el nombre de sonda lambda () que representa la proporci?n de gasolina y aire (=1 14 gr. de aire por 1 gr. de gasolina, si *1 es mezcla rica, y si *1 entonces es mezcla rica). La sonda detecta la presencia (mezcla pobre) o no (mezcla rica) de ox?geno en los gases de escape.
La sonda tiene una cer?mica especial porosa que tiene uno de los lados en contacto con el aire ambiente, a trav?s de unos embutidos que lleva, el otro lado de la cer?mica se halla en contacto con los gases de escape. Si la mezcla es rica, existe una diferencia de concentraci?n de ox?geno entre los dos lados de la cer?mica y los iones de ox?geno se desplazan y crean una diferencia de potencial en los bornes de los electrodos de platino que est?n alimentados a 1 voltio. En este caso, el calculador deber?a empobrecer la mezcla mediante la disminuci?n del tiempo de inyecci?n. As? pues el calculador interpretar? la se?al para aumentar o disminuir el tiempo de apertura de los inyectores.
El tiempo de respuesta de la sonda de ox?geno es muy peque?o, de milisegundos a unos 600 ?C o 800 ?C que es su temperatura ideal de trabajo, pero el problema es que por debajo de 300 ?C de temperatura su funcionamiento es m?s lento y defectuoso. Para tratar de remediarlo se le incorpora un peque?o calefactor (resistencia t?rmica) que permite alcanzar la temperatura de funcionamiento en unos 20 o 30 segundos, pero hasta que se alcance la temperatura la se?al debe ser ignorada, lo mismo que en m?xima aceleraci?n puesto que en esta ?ltima situaci?n prima la entrega de potencia sobre la calidad de los gases de escape.
Si la mezcla es rica hay exceso de CO y de HC pero mejora las emisiones de NOX.
Si la mezcla es pobre se mejoran los valores de CO y HC pero empeoran los de NOX.
Como se ve la mejora de unos va en detrimento de otros, por esto suele utilizarse conjuntamente con un tubo catal?tico de 3 v?as (catalizador) que esta formado por unas celdillas de material cer?mico impregnado en una sustancia activa de platino, paladio y sodio, que transforman parte de los gases nocivos en no nocivos.
Gas InicialTransformado a:Efectividad
Mon?xido de CarbonoCOCO290%
HidrocarburosHCCO2 + H2O90%
?xidos de nitr?genoNOXN2 + O275%
Pero hay que tener en cuenta que el uso del catalizador quita potencia al veh?culo de modo que consume un 5% m?s, y el catalizador tiene una duraci?n limitada de unos 80.000 Km. Pero las actuales normas anticontaminaci?n lo hacen obligatorio.
La precisi?n de la riqueza de la mezcla debe tener un margen muy limitado para que los gases presenten una calidad ?ptima (=1 0,005).
5. ?Qu? misi?n cumple el regulador de presi?n de combustible?
Es un elemento mec?nico encargado de regular la presi?n reinante en el circuito de gasolina. Su funci?n es la de v?lvula de presi?n y seguridad. El regulador est? compuesto por una caja met?lica que contiene una membrana, un muelle y una v?lvula, cuando la presi?n en el circuito de gasolina se eleva por encima del valor establecido por el tarado del muelle, la v?lvula se abre y el carburante retorna al dep?sito. Adem?s, para compensar el efecto de succi?n en la punta de los inyectores el regulador de presi?n lleva una toma de depresi?n que viene del colector de admisi?n. De esta forma la presi?n de la gasolina abrir? la v?lvula en funci?n del tarado del muelle y de la presi?n del colector. En los sistemas monopunto, la apertura de la v?lvula del regulador depende exclusivamente del tarado del muelle y no hay toma de depresi?n porque el inyector se sit?a por encima de la mariposa de gases.
6. ?Qu? misi?n desempe?a un sensor de presi?n?
El sensor de presi?n m?s importante para la inyecci?n es el sensor de carga, que mide la depresi?n en la admisi?n del motor. Va conectado con el colector de admisi?n generalmente por un tubo, respecto a este tubo, lo ideal ser?a un tubo especial para esta funci?n que lleva en su interior un estrechamiento con un agujero de manera que sirve de freno a las oscilaciones bruscas y moment?neas, pero que no afecta a las variaciones normales de forma que el captador recibe una informaci?n muy fiable. Este dato es muy importante para calcular el tiempo de inyecci?n y el avance del encendido en las inyecciones que incorporan estas funciones (ver pregunta 1).
Adem?s pueden existir otros sensores de presi?n como el de presi?n atmosf?rica en las inyecciones m?s modernas. El resto de sensores de presi?n que puedan existir sirven de avisos de aver?as de sitemas como el de lubricaci?n y otros, pero no son elementos de la inyecci?n.
7. ?Qu? misi?n tiene el filtro de combustible?
El filtro de combustible sirve para filtrar la gasolina y eliminar las part?culas de suciedad, que pueden entrar en el dep?sito con la gasolina incluso con la propia gasolina, por ejemplo sedimentos, a este respecto no conviene repostar en la gasolinera justo despu?s de que esta llene sus tanques pues la recarga remueve los sedimentos del fondo.
Tiene un sentido de montaje porque el filtro es de papel y por si se deteriorase tiene en un extremo un tamiz met?lico para atrapar eventuales restos de papel, el tamiz por tanto debe quedar en el extremo de salida.
8. ?Qu? misi?n desempe?an las electrov?lvulas de inyecci?n?
Son dispositivos controlados el?ctricamente por el calculador que inyectan combustible m?s o menos pulverizado en alg?n punto de la admisi?n. La situaci?n en la que se colocan depende principalmente del tipo de inyecci?n.
Est?n conectadas al circuito de la gasolina y el calculador manda impulsos el?ctricos a la bobina integral que posee el inyector, que levanta la aguja, que se mantiene en su posici?n de cierre por acci?n de un muelle, dejando que la gasolina a una cierta presi?n salga pulverizada, el tiempo de apertura es de unos milisegundos pero es variado por el calculador en funci?n de la informaci?n que recibe de los captadores para ajustar el consumo y maximizar las prestaciones, una vez que deja de circular corriente, el muelle hace que la aguja vuelva a su posici?n y cierra el paso de combustible. As? pues la cantidad de combustible inyectado depende del tiempo de excitaci?n de la bobina integral del inyector.
Como se puede apreciar, para realizar un correcto control de la inyecci?n es importante la tensi?n de la bater?a puesto que las variaciones en su tensi?n provocan variaciones en la acci?n sobre las bobinas integrales de los inyectores, por ello algunas inyecciones llevan en el calculador una funci?n que controla tambi?n este par?metro.
9. ?De d?nde reciben corriente + y – las electrov?lvulas de inyecci?n?
El positivo se recibe directamente del rel? de inyecci?n, mientras que la puesta a masa se realiza a trav?s del calculador, determinando este el momento y duraci?n de la puesta a masa y por lo tanto la cantidad de gasolina inyectada.
10. ?En qu? parte del motor tiene lugar la formaci?n de la mezcla en la inyecci?n LE2-Jetronic?
La inyecci?n LE2- Jetronic es una inyecci?n multipunto, y este tipo de inyecciones llevan el inyector cerca de la v?lvula de admisi?n de manera que la gasolina m?s o menos pulverizada se mezcla con el aire en el colector de admisi?n junto a la v?lvula de admisi?n.
32b
ficics for life 1992.
Другие работы по теме:
Turbo Or Nitrous Essay Research Paper Turbo
Turbo Or Nitrous Essay, Research Paper Turbo or Nitrous As you are driving, you see many cars going over the speed limit. Many of the drivers are into racing and modifying their cars. In most cars there are two major modifications that can be done, they are; turbo kit, or a nitrous kit. Both increase horsepower dramatically, but one is instant and the other goes into effect after a certain rpm.
Photographs Essay Research Paper PhotographsI picked one
Photographs Essay, Research Paper Photographs I picked one photograph of my parents the day in which we went to a wedding in the Bronx. I picked this photo because of the reason that it lack some important information about their behavior for that day.
Rain Essay Research Paper The bright and
Rain Essay, Research Paper The bright and sunny sky hid the fact that a storm was quickly approaching the city of Mahtomedi. The soft, warm wind was brushing against the merry faces of the residents. Children are playing basketball, teenagers are driving their cars and listening to deafening music. The calm pace of the waves attracted many boaters to the clear water.
Women Essay Research Paper Apples could go
Women Essay, Research Paper Apples could go one better than oranges. The concentration of apples exceeds that of oranges. The firmness of apples goes all the way through, and the firmness of oranges modifies when the outer shell is detached. They tell you to cut up apples when you have braces, but they don?t tell you to cut up oranges.
Stereotypes Essay Research Paper Stereotypes are essentially
Stereotypes Essay, Research Paper Stereotypes are essentially assumptions that are made about a person or group’s character or attributes, based on a general image of what a particular group of people is like. Just as people assume that all cars have four wheels, while all bicycles have two, they also assume that all men have certain attributes that differ from women.
Industrial Revolution Essay Research Paper How Global
Industrial Revolution Essay, Research Paper How Global Warming Relates to the Industrial Revolution Global Warming relates back to the Industrial Revolution in many ways. During the Industrial Revolution many new inventions were made that would make life easier for people back then and also in the future.
Drag Racing Essay Research Paper A day
Drag Racing Essay, Research Paper A day at the drag strip can be fun for everyone from the little boys who love the smell and sound of high-speed cars to their fathers who grew up with the muscle car era. This may also be very confusing if you don’t know the classes and rules of the races. The biggest drag racing league is the NHRA, National Hot Rod Association.
Speed Limits Essay Research Paper Imagine driving
Speed Limits Essay, Research Paper Imagine driving on I-75 as cars race by you at a blink of an eye. You are driving 60 miles per hour, the speed limit; they must be doing 100 miles per hour or more. This is not an illusion; this is the reality of driving on a highway. Believe it, it happens everyday. Cars race down the road at uncontrollable speeds that cause tickets, accidents, and sadly death.
My Favorite Person Essay Research Paper My
My Favorite Person Essay, Research Paper My favorite person A southerner, a drinker, a fouwl mouth, a grumpy old man, are phrases you?d probably use to describe my grandfather, but to me he has a heart of gold. A man who knows no strangers, that pretty much sums him up. He could talk to a person, which he just met for hours about anything and everything.
Enfluening OF Music Essay Research Paper This
Enfluening OF Music Essay, Research Paper This Essay is about how music can influence the emotions and effects of a person. I will be giving you precentages. I will also be giving you quotes of students
Haymarket Bomb Essay Research Paper Car PollutionDriving
Haymarket Bomb Essay, Research Paper Car Pollution Driving a car is the most polluting act an average citizen commits. Emissions from cars is going up in Canada and the US despite attempts to make engines more fuel-efficient. The main reason is that cars are getting bigger and pick-up trucks and sport/utility vehicles replacing smaller, lighter cars.
My Truck Essay Research Paper My Truck
My Truck Essay, Research Paper My Truck My truck got me into a lot of trouble. I had a lot of trouble with my brother. He took my cars and trucks to play with when ever he could. Apparently he thought the green truck was as fascinating as I did. He loved to play with my green truck as much as I did. This was the truck that he took a lot.
Ford Essay Research Paper Concept car todayThey
Ford Essay, Research Paper Concept car today? They can start out as simple as a dream, or a sketch on a napkin during lunch. But by the time you see them, vehicles from Ford Motor Company have been designed and tested to look and perform their best. Here are some stories that chronicle that process.
The Cost Of Buying A Used Car
Essay, Research Paper The Cost Of Buying A Used This project has been put together to show the cost of buying and using a used car for one year. To show the different costs for cars I have made a chart on a later page. First, though, It probably would be good to tell a little about used cars.
Computer Gave Technology A Bo Essay
, Research Paper The computer has come a long way since it was first invented, which put the power of technology in the spotlight. Through the years there have been many advances with the help of computers. Advances in which have been of great help.
Air Pollution Essay Research Paper In 1948
Air Pollution Essay, Research Paper In 1948, the industrial town of Donora, Pennsylvania suffered 28 deaths because of the thick smog. Air pollution is an ecological problem having to do with toxins in the air. There are a few things the human race has done to try to prevent air pollution from taking such a serious toll.
Beauty Essay Research Paper Beauty Power or
Beauty Essay, Research Paper Beauty: Power or PassivityBeauty is most definitely a form of power. If a person is considered beautiful, or possesses the qualities that the public eye deems beautiful, they tend to have a certain degree of power. Beauty is most often used in the advertising business. On television, many commercials for products ranging from shampoo to cars depict women of beauty.
Teamwork In Business Essay Research Paper In
Teamwork In Business Essay, Research Paper In any large business organisation, teamwork is the ultimate key to the organistions success The issue of teamwork in successful business organisations is a complex one. There are many factors that influence success in business. Teamwork is an important and necessary factor but, not the only one.
Process Essay 2 Essay Research Paper Process
Process Essay 2 Essay, Research Paper Process Essay People everyday, are suckered into paying too much for their cars. They are also getting conned into buying inferior cars that turn out to be lemons. These cars usually end up braking down shortly after they were bought. Purchasing a pre-owned car can be a difficult and complicated experience.
Modern Cars Essay Research Paper Modern CarsWe
Modern Cars Essay, Research Paper Modern Cars We ask ourselves every time we see heavy traffic, is there no variance anymore amongst car models? In the old days, as a matter of fact only five ore ten years ago every single car brand seemed to have it’s own personality, today they look more like a cluster of copycats.
Electric Cars Essay Research Paper In 1837
Electric Cars Essay, Research Paper In 1837 the first electric car was built in Scotland by a man named, Robert Davidson. Electric cars were being produced all over in the 1880’s when the lead acid battery was perfected. In 1892 in Chicago the first electric car was exhibited creating a new sensation for cars.
Persuasive Paper On Why Your Mom Should
Get You And A Family Member Seperate Cars Essay, Research Paper I want you to take a moment and imagine this? Your sitting at home watching television and the phone rings. It?s an officer, and he slowly begins to tell you that “Rachel” and I have been in a car accident. I?m in intensive care, and “Rachel” will be released to go home with you after her X-rays.
Volvo Essay Research Paper ESSAY
Volvo Essay, Research Paper ESSAY #4 Volvo the collectable classic In this article it stated that when Volvo was introduced to the states in 1956. The PV444, was the first US bound automobile ever. The car had resembled a smaller version of the 1946 Ford Tutor. The car featured a two piece windshield, small engine, and all of the standard features of a car of it?s time.
Did The Deed Essay Research Paper Member
Did The Deed Essay, Research Paper Member Name:”Lien”, Weino, Chris?-nope Location:NY Sex:Male Hobbies:working on Cars, Riding my Motorcycle Computers:Gateway 400
Example Paper Essay Research Paper Have you
Example Paper Essay, Research Paper Have you ever been driving and see the person in front of you is all over the road? No they?re not drunk, it?s probably some one trying to juggle a cell phone, a coffee, and put on make-up. That is my mom. She could care less for the cars behind her or the people around her, she just won?t do those things at home.
My Traffic Accident Essay Research Paper My
My Traffic Accident Essay, Research Paper My traffic accident. It was just an other rainy day. I was going to the mall with my brother to get some batteries for his toy cars. As I was walking out of the door my mother said Drive carefully son it s awfully slippery out their , in her kind and gentle voice.I ignored her like always but just replied, Yes mother I will! After buying some energizer batteries from the mall we headed back home.
Aerodynamics In Cars Essay Research Paper AERODYNAMICS
Aerodynamics In Cars Essay, Research Paper AERODYNAMICS IN CARS Aerodynamics has always been around. People have always been discovering ways to make things travel better and faster through air. Ever since the first man put a sharpened rock on the end of a spear or arrow or made a boomerang come back. Now days people understand the concepts of why certain shapes work better.
Cars In The United States Essay Research
Paper American Cars and Japanese Cars Most people have their prefrences on what kind of car they want to buy. Japenese cars and American cars are the most popular kind of cars in America. They both have their
Toys Essay Research Paper ToysWhen I was
Toys Essay, Research Paper Toys When I was a child I could only have dream of having toys like they do today. With the technology advancements and new inventions that they have today the toy companies can make toys that walk, talk, and learn all on their own.
Cars Essay Research Paper A Persuasive Essay
Cars Essay, Research Paper A Persuasive Essay- By Krystal Have you ever been to a dealership to buy a car and come away discouraged by the outrageously high prices on new cars? Don’t worry-there is hope! You can get a reliable, good-looking vehicle for thousands less than the new car dealerships charge. The answer? Buy a used car.
Advertising Society Essay Research Paper This weeks
Advertising Society Essay, Research Paper This weeks Newsweek has a whole bunch of advertisements. I think that most of them are targeted for middle-class businessmen because nearly a forth of them are computer companies. Apple has an eight page section all to itself. Also there is a lot of telecommunications advertisements and some car ads.
Gps Essay Research Paper Describe how GPS
Gps Essay, Research Paper Describe how GPS works and how normal citizens have been able to use it to make their lives easier. GPS is a global positioning satellite that is used to show the exact position on earth that you are. This system is used in many ways. Many people in a new city use rental cars. These people will probably get lost.
Fun Essay Research Paper Why not just
Fun Essay, Research Paper Why not just pay college athletes? College athletics is a money making scheme for both the college administration and the athletes that are involved. There are agents