Physics Project Plan Essay, Research Paper
Physics Project The Planning Key V A ????? Variable
resistor ???????
Ammeter???????? Light bulb??????? Voltmeter ???????? I am carrying out an experiment to
find the different resistances created by a light bulb at different
temperatures and currents. Because of the nature of a light bulb, it glows
white-hot when fully on, the resistance will change at different currents. When
the current is low and the bulb is not very bright, it won?t be as hot and
therefore it will have less resistance. But when the current is high and the
bulb is brighter, it will have a high temperature and high resistance. I will
be using the following circuit for the experiment:Definitions Ammeter
? This is a device that measures the current of electrons in Amps. It has to be
placed in series on the circuit. Voltmeter
? This is a device for measuring the potential difference of the electrons in
the circuit. They are measured in Volts. It is placed in parallel. Variable
Resistor ? Also called the Pecometer it acts in the same way as a normal
resistor, to resist the current, but this one can have a variable resistance. ???????? To use the circuit, I will take
readings from both the ammeter and the Voltmeter, when the variable resistor is
in different positions. I will need to try and get results that are high and
ones that are low, and try to have an even distance between each result. I will
take down the readings from both the ammeter and the voltmeter. I should end up
with 30 results, hopefully all evenly spaced. ???????? The resistance is greater when the
light bulb is hotter, because when any material is heated, the atoms making up
that material vibrate over a larger distance more than they usually do. This
vibration of atoms can get in the way of passing electrons and therefore
results in fewer electrons getting through and a higher resistance. Also,
though the reason that the filament in the light bulb heats up and glows is
because the electrons passing by at a normal speed will still knock into atoms.
Although it is not as frequent as at high temperatures, the electrons will
cause the atom to vibrate. This is the action, which causes the heating of the
filament. Above
is a diagram of how electrons move around the material. This
process wastes quite a lot of energy, because as the current increases, the
resistance increases. This ?waste of energy? can be greatly made up for by
using super conductors, which are conductors that are super cooled. This would
save energy but it then would not work for a light bulb, as the whole purpose
of a light bulb is to create a resistance to make a light. ???????? To measure the
resistance for different power levels I will be using the ?Standard Test
Circuit?. This includes a voltmeter to measure the voltage around the bulb, an
ammeter to measure the current, a variable resistor to make measurements of
different currents, and the actual light bulb. ???????? For the experiment, the
ideal amount of results is thousands, but because of the restraints of the accuracy
in the classroom and the time period, I will be working with about 30 results,
across different currents. This should let me do enough results to draw a firm
conclusion, but will be within any time constraints. ???????? There is a basic,
commonly used graph of an ideal lamp, showing the relationship of current and
voltage. The graph below is it. V This graph shows the ideal pattern of results for the
experiment, but because we are working in a classroom environment, there are
many factors such as minor room temperature fluctuations, contamination?s in
the wiring materials, non-accurate measuring instruments and a non-accurate
power supply. All the above factors could be improved upon to give more
accurate and true results, but this would be quite unpractical on the level
that we are doing the experiment for GCSE?s Obtaining Evidence ??????? ??????????
For this experiment I will be using a circuit called a Standard Test Circuit.
It has a variable resistor, a light bulb, a voltmeter, an ammeter, and the
power supply. A diagram of the circuit is below. V (volts) I (amps) R (ohms) V (volts) I (amps) R (ohms) 0.03 0.02 1.5 1.23 0.16 7.69 0.04 0.03 1.33 1.38 0.17 8.12 0.06 0.04 1.5 1.63 0.18 9.06 0.07 0.05 1.4 1.87 0.19 9.84 0.09 0.06 1.5 2.01 0.20 10.05 0.10 0.07 1.43 2.2 0.21 10.48 0.15 0.08 1.86 2.37 0.22 10.77 0.23 0.09 2.56 2.6 0.23 11.30 0.37 0.10 3.7 2.86 0.24 11.92 0.52 0.11 4.73 3.1 0.25 12.4 0.71 0.12 5.92 3.37 0.26 12.96 0.82 0.13 6.31 3.58 0.27 13.26 1.03 0.14 7.36 3.82 0.28 13.64 1.15 0.15 7.67 4.24 0.29 14.62 4.44 0.30 14.8 ???????? Using
this test circuit, I worked by finding out the voltage for every 0.01 Amps.
This was OK until I started getting very low and I found I had to use 4
variable resistors, all on full power with only one cell to reach 0.02A. Below
is a table of results that I gained. And also a graph of the results showing
Current Vs. Resistance and Current Vs. Voltage.The ConclusionThe results that I have obtained from the experiment are
relatively near and therefore relatively true to the predicted graph line. This
is surprising, as the conditions were not very controlled. Also there is a
trend at the beginning of the graph. This is where the Voltage is not growing
at a constant rate. ???????? After
comparing my actual graph to my predicted graph, I have found that my actual
graph does not have the same smooth curve that the predicted, example has. This
is once again because when taking the readings they are not perfectly taken.
But also because to achieve a graph with a curve as smooth as that, not only do
you need hundreds and hundreds of results, but you also it is impossible,
because of any contamination may alter the results. Also in the graph at the
beginning, it has a distinct sudden change. I think that this is because at
this low power, the filament is not at a temperature much higher that the air
temperature. At this temperature the example is truer, but then as the filament
starts to heat up more and more, the difference in temperature from the air
increases. This means that as the light bulb is given more power, the less it
is heated more. Also in theories, the heat is supposed to fluctuate at a
constant current. This is because as the light bulb heats up, the resistance
increases. This is because as the electrons flow through the wire, they hit
into the protons of atoms and ricochet of them, slowing the electrons down and
increasing the vibration of the protons. This then means that it is harder for
the electrons to pass through the wire without hitting a proton, and hits them
more times. This loops itself and increases the temperature and therefore the resistance.
Then if the current is not change, it drops, due to the higher resistance. This
then decreases the current, decreasing the temperature, decreasing the
resistance, and increasing the current again. Going on the results that I have
obtained though, I would not say that the results are of a good enough standard
to use as a firm conclusion. To extend the experiment even further I would
increase the current to the maximum before it melts the filament. This would
extend my result and graph to produce a more accurate curve. Also I could
measure the current to 0.001 of an Amp. This would also increase the accuracy
but I would need to have more control over the environment. The Evaluation???????? Overall
my results have showed what I predicted, as the graph looks quite similar to
the ideal one that I drew in my plan. To get a perfect result though, I would
have to use more detailed and rigorous methods. One way may be to work out the
resistance of the wire that I am using. ???????? The
resistance of a material varies with temperature and the variation can be
expressed by its temperature coefficient
of a. If a material has a resistance R0 at 00C and
its resistance increases δR due to a temperature rise δθ then a for the material is defined by the
equation A =? ___?? ___ ? This can be rearranged to Rθ = R0
(1+ aθ) Using the temperature coefficient equation it is possible
to find out the resistance from a given temperature reading, but I cant for
this project because it is necessary to know what the resistance is at 00C.
This needs one of many measuring instruments such as digital thermometers and
optical pyrometers. I can use the thermometers to measure the physical
temperature, but this would be quite hard, as I would not be able to measure it
without touching the filament, which is in an airtight gas chamber. The optical
pyrometer measures the temperature by the amount of light given off. This would
be a lot easier.
Другие работы по теме:
Enrico Fermi Essay Research Paper Enrico FermiBy
Enrico Fermi Essay, Research Paper Enrico Fermi By: Fernando-3-C ?Enrico Fermi was an Italian-American physicist and Nobel laureate, known for achieving the first controlled nuclear reaction (Encarta 98).?
Galileo Essay Research Paper Born Galileo Galilei
Galileo Essay, Research Paper Born Galileo Galilei, his main contributions were, in astronomy, the use of the telescope in observation and the discovery of sunspots, lunar mountains and valleys, the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the phases of Venus. In physics, he discovered the laws of falling bodies.
College Level Physics Essay Research Paper I
College Level Physics Essay, Research Paper I feel the future of transportation lies in space travel. People can go any where in the world and can do anything but travel in space. This is do to the incredible cost of space travel. The use of massive amounts of fuel for departing and re-entering the atmosphere contributes a high percentage of the cost.
Moonshine Essay Research Paper Moonshine Leo Szilard
Moonshine Essay, Research Paper Moonshine Leo Szilard was born in Hungary with a passion to save the world. His father was a civil engineer, and his mother a loving caring women. He went to school at “his gymnasium” the University of Budapest’s Minta. He graduated from there in 1916 with the “E?tv?s Prize.” (A National Prize in Mathematics) Physics was always his passion, but there was no career in physics in Hungary.
Pierre Curie Essay Research Paper Born in
Pierre Curie Essay, Research Paper Born in 1859 in Paris, Pierre Curie was a French physicist who spent a great deal of his life dealing in the fields of chemistry and physics. During his lifetime, he was known for his work in radioactivity, magnetism, piezoelectric effect, and his work and studies with his wife Marie Curie in discovering new elements on the periodic table.
Physics Of Bowling Essay Research Paper The
Physics Of Bowling Essay, Research Paper The one thing that interests me is bowling. I have been playing all my life and after a whole semester and a half of being in Mr. Fetter?s class, I realized that everything has physics in it. One night after going bowling with my girlfriend(s) I wondered why when I hit the first pin, only seven went down and thus I lost the game.
Physics Lab Paper Essay Research Paper In
Physics Lab Paper Essay, Research Paper In physics MC 503, we are required to write a paper twice a semester summarizing the previous four to six labs. In this, the first paper, I am writing about the previous four labs. As each lab comes around each week I start to get excited. I know that the lab is going to help me understand or comprehend some form of formula I am learning in the chapters.
Aristotle 2 Essay Research Paper Aristotle s
Aristotle 2 Essay, Research Paper Aristotle s Life Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, educator, and scientist, and was also one of the most influential thinkers in Western culture (World Book 663). Through his writings, Aristotle considered, summarized, criticized, and helped to further develop many of these traditions from which he had learned from Plato, his teacher.
Future Plans Essay Research Paper Scholarship Essay
Future Plans Essay, Research Paper Scholarship Essay”Did life exist on Mars?”"What would it take to build a spaceship that could travel at the speed of light?”"When will the moon be colonized?”These are just some of the questions that wander through my mind all day. Fascinated by the secrets of the universe, I yearn to uncover mysteries.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Marie Curie
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Marie Curie is the most famous woman of physics. She has been recognized for her work with Nobel Prize awards in both physics (1903) and chemistry (1911). She got a late start with her education obtaining her license in physics in 1893 and the corresponding degree in mathematics in 1894.
Marie Curie Essay Research Paper Curie Mariephysicist
Marie Curie Essay, Research Paper Curie, Marie physicist and twice Nobel laureate, best known for her Curie, Marie, nйe Maria Sklodowska (1867-1934), French work on radioactivity, with her husband Pierre. Maria Sklodowska was born in Warsaw, Poland, which was then part of the Russian Empire. Her father, an ardent Polish nationalist, taught mathematics and physics at a secondary school, but was denied promotion because of his political views, which he passed on to his daughter.
Physics Lab Essay Research Paper III ResultsAnalysisMy
Physics Lab Essay, Research Paper III. Results/Analysis: My lab partner and I worked diligently in this experiment to be as accurate and as precise in our measurements and calculations with the technology provided. In part one of the experiment, we calculated the amount of force on the planet at the closest distance to be approximately 18 F.
Scholarship Essay Research Paper 7500 scholarshipBy David
Scholarship Essay, Research Paper $7,500 scholarship By David Johnson On September 30, 1999, Charles Johnson won a $7,500 scholarship from the Department of Agriculture at Washington State University for being Central High School’s number one student.
Physics On The Internet Essay Research Paper
Physics on the Internet (1) Internet web sites: *ecw.virtualave/avis/ This site has some spectacular aerial wrestling movies. This part of the site is dedicated to death defying wrestling moves. Most of these moves are from the top rope, cage, or cell.
Atomic Bomb Essay Research Paper This was
Atomic Bomb Essay, Research Paper This was the basis for the atomic bomb. Throughout this research paper, I will trace the history of the atomic bomb. In addition, who was involved and why, what happened in this event, and explain the impact that it had on the world. After Einstein predicted, that mass could be converted into energy.
John Bardeen Essay Research Paper Bardeen John
John Bardeen Essay, Research Paper Bardeen, John 1908-91, American physicist; b. Madison, Wis. He was known for his studies of semiconductivity and other aspects of SOLID-STATE PHYSICS. The first
Physics And Philosophy Personal Statement Essay Research
Paper Physics has always been the science that interests me most. It seems to me that physics tackles fundamental questions about the universe and it feels more relevant than other sciences. I enjoy experimental work in physics but do sometimes feel limited by the resources available at my college. I would like the chance to use more sophisticated equipment to investigate more advanced level physics.
Untitled Essay Research Paper Physics Geosynchronous Orbits
Untitled Essay, Research Paper Physics Geosynchronous Orbits Geosynchronous Orbits + Geostationary Orbits Webster’s dictionary defines a Geostationary orbit as of, relating to, or being a satellite that travels above Earth’s equator from west to east at an altitude of approximately 35,900 kilometers (22,300 miles) and at a speed matching that of Earth’s rotation, thus remaining stationary in relation to Earth. 2.
My Bridge Is Big Essay Research Paper
5th period Mr. Moore Physics My Bridge is Big! I built my bridge on the foundation of triangles because any engineer will tell you they are one of the strongest shapes. No matter where you put pressure that other two sides of the triangle pick up the excess pressure. I decided to build the triangles into boxes so the support would spread out over a much greater area.
Pushing An Object Essay Research Paper Pushing
Pushing An Object Essay, Research Paper Pushing an object When an object with mass is moving, that it has kinetic energy is well known. Energy quantity can be expressed in two parameters of the mass and the speed. Generally definition of energy is difficult, though the quantity can be measured easily.
Physics Of Fly Fishing Current Event Essay
, Research Paper The Physics of Fly-fishin What does it take to launch an ultra-light fishing line over 200 feet? A little physics and a lot of feel for the fishing rod, that s what. The trick to doing good is to have the thinner, end of the line, land on the water first then the fly. The end of the line cushions the fly, having the effect that a fly is landing on the water, not a piece of nylon string.
Blah Essay Research Paper For my senior
Blah Essay, Research Paper For my senior thesis, I will be conducting further research on my project, and the idea from which my project came. This research will include different experimental approaches and setups, the outcomes of these new schematics, and the way in which the project was originally approached.
Tycho Brahe
’s Contribution To Physics Essay, Research Paper subject = Physics title = Tycho Brahe’s Contributions to Physics papers = TYCHO BRAHE Tycho Brahe was born on December 14th, 1546 in a town called
Physics 1 Essay Research Paper Physics I
Physics 1 Essay, Research Paper Physics I paper Eric Pevehouse, GPISP97, 10-26-00 I believe that the rationale of Robert E. Resh s article is quite simple: He tries to establish the brief history of air bags in his audience s minds. He commences his paper with the concept of an old school air bag. Resh enlightens us that the notion of air cushions first came about during World War II as an inflatable crash landing device for airplanes.
Atomic Physics Essay Research Paper subject
Atomic Physics Essay, Research Paper subject = physics title = Atomic Physics papers = Please put your paper here. ATOMIC PHYSICS Atomic Physics- is the study of atomic matter.
The Physics Ofkites Essay Research Paper The
The Physics Ofkites Essay, Research Paper The Physics of Kites Kites are such interesting items. They are toys for many and learning tools for others. To really understand them, one must take into account some laws of Physics. Physics supplies the answer for exactly how a kite can fly and manuever in the air.
The Physics Of A Yo Essay Research
Paper The Physics of a Yo-yo In everything that we do, there is some aspect of physics involved in it. Even if we are just standing still on the ground, or leaning up against a wall,