NAFTA Essay, Research Paper
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which built on the 1989
U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement (CFTA), is the most comprehensive regional free
trade agreement ever negotiated. It created the world’s largest free trade area:
380 million people producing nearly $8 trillion dollars worth of goods and
services. On January 1, 1994 the North American Free Trade Agreement entered
into force. One of the main objectives of the Agreement is the elimination of
tariffs between Canada, Mexico and the United States on "qualifying"
goods by the year 1998 for originating goods from Canada and for originating
goods from Mexico by the year 2008. Positive Effects on NAFTA Growth in Trade:
A+ Total North American trade increased from $293 billion in 1993 to $420
billion in 1996, a gain of $127 billion or 43 percent during NAFTA’s first three
years. Mexico and Canada purchased $3 of every $10 in U.S. exports and supplied
$3 of every $10 in U.S. imports in 1996. Growth in U.S. Exports: A+ Thanks to
NAFTA, Mexican tariffs?which had averaged 10 percent before the trade
agreement was implemented?now average less than 6 percent, while average U.S.
tariffs have fallen from 4 percent to about 2.5 percent. As a result, U.S.
exports to Mexico grew by 37 percent from 1993 to 1996, reaching a record $57
billion.3 During this period, U.S. exports to Canada also increased by 33
percent, to $134 billion. Total two-way trade between the United States and
Canada was $290 billion in 1996, while total two-way trade between the United
States and Mexico was nearly $130 billion. Moreover, U.S. market share in Mexico
increased from 69 percent of total Mexican imports in 1993 to 76 percent in
1996. During NAFTA’s first three years, 39 of the 50 states increased their
exports to Mexico; moreover, 44 states reported a growth in exports to Mexico
during 1996 as the pace of U.S. exports to that country accelerated. NAFTA has
shattered the myth that U.S. trade deficits destroy U.S. jobs. The combined U.S.
trade deficit with Canada and Mexico increased during the first three years of
NAFTA’s implementation?from $9 billion in 1992 to $39.9 billion in
1996?because Canada and Mexico suffered economic recessions. U.S. exports to
NAFTA countries currently support 2.3 million U.S. jobs. The largest post-NAFTA
gains in U.S. exports to Mexico have been in such high-technology manufacturing
sectors as transportation and electronic equipment, industrial machinery,
plastics and rubber, fabricated metal products, and chemicals. NAFTA has
encouraged U.S. and foreign investors with apparel and footwear factories in
Asia to relocate their production operations to Mexico. U.S. Compliance with
NAFTA: B In December 1995, the Clinton Administration postponed indefinitely the
implementation of a NAFTA deadline to allow Mexican trucks to circulate in the
southwest United States. U.S.-Mexico Trade Relations: B President Clinton’s
first official trip to Mexico this month came at a time in which relations
between the two countries were at their lowest point in years. The trade and
investment growth achieved during NAFTA’s first three years has been eclipsed by
the peso crisis and political turmoil in Mexico and by growing bilateral
tensions over drug control policy, immigration, and the Helms-Burton Act’s
tightening of economic sanctions against Cuba. These tensions in U.S. Mexico
relations have surfaced because the Clinton Administration did not assign a
sufficiently high priority to Mexico during its first term in office. NAFTA,
however, was never intended to be anything other than a free trade agreement?a
three-way pact by the United States, Mexico, and Canada to eliminate all tariff
and non-tariff barriers to trade over a period of 10 to 15 years. NAFTA was
designed to encourage faster growth in North American trade and investment,
which it has been doing successfully since January 1, 1994. Reform Process in
Mexico: A One of NAFTA’s important achievements has been to "lock in"
the process of economic and political reform under way in Mexico for the past
decade. Mexico’s membership in NAFTA, the World Trade Organization, the
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development has created international commitments and linkages
that it cannot ignore. Even though The Heritage Foundation’s 1997 Index of
Economic Freedom still accords Mexico a ranking of 3.35, or "Mostly Not
Free,"12 Mexico has become a more democratic country since NAFTA was
implemented. Negative Effects on NAFTA On the Mexican Side: Pa?l Picard del
Prado, president of the Food Board at the National Manufacturing Industry
Chamber (Canacintra), says the first five years of the North American Trade
Agreement (Nafta) have been good for Americans, but not for Mexicans. Meanwhile,
assembly plants that export semi-finished goods (maquiladoras) have seen
significant growth under Nafta. The Border Trade Alliance, however, will focus
on Nafta’s future at its first international conference next month in Monterrey,
Mexico, entitled "The 21st Century: Planning the Way." Companies with
high import-export volumes do business in dollars, while professionals like
lawyers or accountants bill clients in dollar rates. But that dollarization
touches only a certain upper crust of society some observers contend. A recent
poll surprised many political analysts when it showed that two-thirds of
respondents in the industrial city of Monterrey, and more than half of
respondents in Mexico City, were ready to welcome the dollar as their everyday
currency. On the American Side The American Coalition for Competitive Trade
(known as ACCT) plans this month to file the first of several legal challenges
to the NAFTA and GATT treaties and the $53 million bailout of Mexico. Two years
ago, at an ACCT conference on NAFTA, von Raab predicted that passage of the
trade agreement linking the Mexican and American economies would lead to
"chaos on the border," and so it has. Thomas Considine, director of
the federal government’s Drug Enforcement Administration, advised a Senate
committee in August that drug gangs in Mexico could eventually rival the
ruthless ring now operating in Colombia. A Congressional Joint Economic
Committee reported that "Mexican imports to this country cost the United
States 137,000 jobs" in the nine months following passage of NAFTA. Imports
from Mexico have soared since then, perhaps tripling the job-loss figure.
"Trade with Mexico has been a big factor in the expanding U.S. trade
deficit this year," says trade correspondent Richard Lawrence in the August
18th Journal of Commerce. A study by Vanderbilt University documents some of the
specific consequences of NAFTA: tomato production down 25 percent in Florida,
Scott Paper Company cutting more than 10,000 jobs worldwide prior to opening
multimillion-dollar plants in Mexico, the virtual elimination of the apparel
industry in the United States. Environmental Issues Trade agreements can have
negative impacts on efforts to achieve sustainable development if they do not
adequately address environmental issues. Increased wealth as envisaged within
NAFTA, and that this would inevitably lead to better environment was a misnomer
recognized by Canada, USA and Mexico. Increase trade volumes and general spiral
in a population’s wealth have environmental impacts. Environmental regulations
by individual countries affect others. There are several fundamental
environmental issues that are currently being addressed by NAFTA. Permist trade
in compliance with or to enforce international conservation or environmental
protection agreements. The future of NAFTA and the environment is promising.
NAFTA will help clean up existing problems and result in better environmental
protection. NAFTA vigorously addresses Mexico – US cross border issues and will
promote public participation and due process. For the first time in Mexico,
NAFTA guarantees public right of access of information about environmental
non-compliance, and improved rights of private From US perspective, NAFTA works
for continued enforcement of the Montreal (CFC) Protocol, the Convention on
International Trade in endangered species, and 36 other international
agreements. It also ensures that countries can continue to enforce environmental
laws. Future of NAFTA NAFTA AND THE FREE TRADE AREA OF THE AMERICAS The NAFTA
contains a very simple clause that states that if agreed to by the United
States, Mexico, and Canada, other countries may accede to this agreement. Chile
subsequently negotiated separate bilateral arrangements with Mexico and Canada,
leaving U.S. firms at a relative disadvantage. The CEOs noted that fast track
was the key to winning congressional approval of NAFTA expansion, and added that
" without new fast track authority, there can be no expansion of NAFTA to
include Chile or other Central and South American countries, and America?s
global trade leadership will be irreparably harmed."(UE News). Labor
Unions, human-rights groups, protectionists, and some environmental
organizations have debated the issue of benefits of trade and investment to the
US by the current NAFTA agreement, and have strongly opposed the expansion of
NAFTA. The Future of Rules of Origin in NAFTA Trade As tariff rates on goods
traded between the three NAFTA countries continue to decline, NAFTA originating
products will gain competitive advantage within the North American market. This
advantage makes compliance with NAFTA rules of origin ever more important. At
present, however, investors in Mexico may find in- bond duty drawback programs
to offer greater tariff reduction than the NAFTA preferential duties. Pitex and
Maquiladora programs were established years ago to promote the export industry
in Mexico and create desperately needed jobs. These programs allow materials and
equipment to enter the country duty free and the only tariff charge is over the
value added to the exported finished product. Under NAFTA, an increasing
proportion of maquiladora output can be sold in Mexico (currently 80 percent of
a firm’s prior year output) reaching 100 percent in 2001.
T CNN TIME, "Expanding NAFTA Needs Congressional Approval." CNN.Com.
Feb.26, 1997. UE NEWS, " New NAFTA Battle Looms." Rankfile-ue.
Sept. 14, 1999. CNN World News, "In Chile, Clinton seeks patience on free
trade." CNN.Com.April 16,1998. "Accession of Chile to NAFTA."
Psirus.sfsu.edu. January, 1998. Nafta and GATT Hurt U.S. Economy. Duplantier,
F.R. 11Oct 1999 < americasfuture.
net/1995/oct95/af-1022c.html>. NAFTA AND GATT Undermine Sovereignty.
Duplantier, F.R. 11 Author: Title: Year:1996 3.e3-5b.tamiu.edu/cgi-bin/as_web.exe?ftax99.ask+D+606900
Author:LaFranchi, H. Year:1999 Title:Mexicans start to sing, adiyos peso- hello
$$$ 4.mexdirect/invest/brief.regulatory.naftalesoforigin.05.html
Title:The future of rules of Origin in NAFTA Trade Author: Mexico Direct
Year:1998 By the way you can find good graphics in usmcoc/naftafor.html
I used that reference also but i forgot to write it above.
Другие работы по теме:
American Culture Essay Research Paper 091300SOCA 10202On
American Culture Essay, Research Paper 091300 SOCA 102-02 On American Culture To a typical foreign anthropologist American culture could be seen very competitive and individualistic. While other countries only play 1 or 2 sports throughout their nation, North America is involved in a vast variety of competitive sports.
American Essay Research Paper What does it
American Essay, Research Paper What does it mean to be “American?” What makes it “American?” And how does it make us “American?” American stands for the beliefs, the music, as well as the people that come from
The Cambrian Period Essay Research Paper The
The Cambrian Period Essay, Research Paper The Cambrian Period Science 10/26/95 During the Cambrian Period a lot of things happened both geologically and biologically. The Cambrian Period was the first period of the Paleozoic
U.S.A Was Unable To Win The Vietnam
War Because… Essay, Research Paper The U.S.A was unable to win the Vietnam War because they realised too late that the real war in Vietnam was not a military one but a political one.
Nafta 5 Years Of Failure Essay Research
Paper NAFTA Five Years of Failure In December of 1992, Presidents Salinas (Mexico), Bush (U.S.) and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The Mexican legislature ratified NAFTA in 1993 and the treaty went into effect on January 1, 1994, creating the largest free-trade zone in the world.
Peyote Essay Research Paper PeyoteA Native Americans
Peyote Essay, Research Paper Peyote: A Native Americans Way of Life The Native American tribes of Mexico and North America have used peyote in religious ceremonies for thousands of years. Peyote in an Indians eye is a healing drug, a medicine . North Americans might say it s a hallucinogenic drug and that it is very dangerous to one s health.
The Ftaa Essay Research Paper The FTAA
The Ftaa Essay, Research Paper The FTAA is the Free Trade Area Americas. Its main goal is to extend the North American Free Trade Agreement to the entire Hemisphere. The FTAA brings together all the leaders of North, South and Central America (except for Cuba) to Quebec for several meetings and negotiations.
Reconstruction Era Essay Research Paper Reconstruction EraThe
Reconstruction Era Essay, Research Paper Reconstruction Era The Reconstruction period can be defined as the time after the Civil War when states were debating on what to do with a partially seceded nation. The Union, known as the North, wanted to come to agreements with the Confederacy, or the south, on how to successfully bring the states together again as one nation.
Nafta And The Timber Industry Essay Research
Paper Bill Brennan 11/09/00NAFTA and the Timber Industry Per. 4-5Over the past four hundred years or so, timber has helped to fuel the economy of the United States of America. Billions of dollars change hands every year on timber alone just from the United States’ producers and their counterpart retailers.
USA Essay Research Paper 4 American Civil
USA Essay, Research Paper 4. American Civil War The war between states, in the U. S. history, a four-year war (1861-65) between the federal government of the U. S. and eleven Southern states that asserted their right to secede from the Union. The secession of the Southern states in 1860-61 and the ensuing outbreak of armed hostilities were the culmination of decades of growing sectional friction over the related issues of slavery, trade, and tariffs, and the doctrine of state?s rights.
American Goldfinch Essay Research Paper The American
American Goldfinch Essay, Research Paper The American Goldfinch The American Goldfinch is a typical member of the North American seed-eating birds that are members of the finch, or Fringillidae, family. This state bird has adapted to eating seeds with its short, heavy, and conical beak. American Goldfinches use their feet extensively.
Environmental Issues Concerning Nafta Essay Research Paper
In the early 1990’s, the United States, Mexico, and Canada, all produced the North American Free Trade Agreement in an attempt to increase trade and reduce tariffs between the countries. With the creation of NAFTA, the world’s largest trading bloc was formed with a population of around 400 million people in 1997.
Nafta Essay Research Paper NAFTAOn January 1st
Nafta Essay, Research Paper NAFTA On January 1st, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect, creating the world s largest free trade area. Among the main objectives is the liberalization of trade between Canada, Mexico and the United States, to stimulate economic growth and give the NAFTA countries equal access to each other s markets.
Korean War Essay Research Paper Causes of
Korean War Essay, Research Paper Causes of the Korean War Essay # 2 By: Dylan Foreman After the Japanese gained control of Korea in and made it part of Japan. The Allies defeated Japan in World War II (1939-1945) and U.S. and Soviet forces moved into Korea. Soviet troops occupied North Korea and American troops occupied South Korea.
The Korean War Essay Research Paper The
The Korean War Essay, Research Paper The Korean War was a war that at the time, many Americans thought was a worthwhile battle. Latter, people would come to believe that the war was not as important as they believed. The Soviet Union would fall and communism would not be a threat in world?s views. I share the belief that the battle was not as important as it was lead to believe.
Concerns That Caused The Settlement Of British
North America Essay, Research Paper I believe that throughout the Colonial period, economic concerns had more to do with the settling of British North America than did religious reasons. First, according to my textbook, the British originally sponsored trips over to the New World only after other countries were profiting from their collections of goods and new trade ports.
How The Canadian Economy Is Dependent On
The U.S Economy Essay, Research Paper The Canadian economy is determined largely by the United States economy threw the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The North American Free Trade Agreement was an agreement that came into effect on January 1,1995 which involves Mexico, Canada and the United States of America.
Barbados Essay Research Paper BarbadosThe Barbados is
Barbados Essay, Research Paper Barbados The Barbados is a small country located in the Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela. It?s about 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC. The population of the country is 256,395, with a growth rate of .25%. 80% of their population is African American and the most common language is English.
When Did The First Americans Appear Essay
, Research Paper When did people first come to North America is a highly publicized question in archaeology. This question has been the focal point of many archaeologists careers. Although this question is really no more important than any other unanswered archaeological question; it remains a cataclysm for many, if not all, North American archaeologists
American Dream Essay Research Paper scribes the
American Dream Essay, Research Paper scribes the defeat of the American dream, and that the American ideals differ with the actual social conditions that exist in society. For the American constitutions stands for the freedom, and equality among people, but the truth of the matter is that social discrimination still exists and the grouping among the classes can never be overcome.
NAFTA Essay Research Paper If NAFTA made
NAFTA Essay, Research Paper If NAFTA made this agreement, people would be able to move about Canada, the United States, and Mexico with ease. The unskilled workers in Mexico would migrate to “El Norte,” looking for higher paying jobs. The supply of workers in Mexico will drastically decrease. Only the terminally ignorant, or those with families in Mexico, would stay in a poor country and earn low wages.
Nafta A Promising Future For Essay Research
Paper NAFTA: A Promising Future For The U.S. and Mexico After six years of remarkable trade successes, The North American Free Trade Agreement, also known as NAFTA, still continues to cause discussions and debates as to its pros and cons. Even Vicente Fox, the newly inaugurated President of Mexico, failed to receive a commitment from George W.
Nafta Essay Research Paper The Impact of
Nafta Essay, Research Paper The Impact of NAFTA in the U.S. and Mexico The North American Free Trade Agreement, often referred to as NAFTA, is an agreement between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The purpose of NAFTA is to reduce and eventually erase trade barriers, which would make it easier for the three countries to import and export goods and services more freely between each other.
Pro Nafta Essay Research Paper I believe
Pro Nafta Essay, Research Paper I believe that NAFTA should stay in Mexico. It is vital for the growth in the value of the Mexican peso. Not many people are sure what exactly NAFTA does. It reduced tariffs, opened previously protected sectors in agriculture, energy, textiles, and automotive trade. It opened up the U.S.-Mexico border to trade in services with specific rules in finance, transportation and telecommunication.
General George Meade Essay Research Paper General
General George Meade Essay, Research Paper General Meade Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is, but who was the general? Some people even know that the north won that battle. Most people do not know that General George Meade defeated General Lee at that battle.
George Meade Essay Research Paper Do you
George Meade Essay, Research Paper Do you know who was the general for the Second Battle of Bull Run? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is but who was the general? Some people even know
Nafta Essay Research Paper NAFTA By K
Nafta Essay, Research Paper NAFTA By: K Parsons E-mail: kdparsons818@hotmail North American Free Trade Agreement In December of 1992, President Salinas of the Government of the United Mexican States, President Bush of the Government of the United States of America, and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of the Government of Canada signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); however, it was not ratified and fully effective until 1 January 1994.
Manifest Destiny Essay Research Paper Manifest DestinyWhat
Manifest Destiny Essay, Research Paper Manifest Destiny What does the painting Manifest Destiny represent? Does it show an image of hope, or one of despair? To answer a question like this one would have to understand what manifest destiny is.
Korean Conflict Essay Research Paper North Korea
Korean Conflict Essay, Research Paper North Korea and South Korea was once one country combined. That changed soon after World War II. Since the Soviet Union controlled North Korea it was mainly
American Civil War Essay Research Paper American
American Civil War Essay, Research Paper American Civil WarThe American Civil War was a grave turning point in the history of North America. It was a conflict that pitted the Northern states of the American union against the Southern states. The war raged for four years, from 1861 to 1865, and was marked by some of the fiercest military campaigns in modern history.
Fun Essay Research Paper
“The free trade argument states that, if each nation produces what it does best and permits trade, over the long run all will enjoy lower prices and higher levels of output, income, and consumption that could be achieved in isolation.” The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), implemented in January of 1994, created a situation in North America in which there are no taxes on most products imported and exported between the three countries.